Unit 5

 Match Verbs with definition

Word Definition Answers

a) harvest 1) remove the outer part of a nut or bean
b) melt 2) make something into a powder or small pieces
c) dry 3) put something in boxes or containers to be sold
d) roast 4) pick and collect crops
e) mould 5) heat something so it turns to liquid
f) package 6) cook in an oven
g) shell 7) shape, form or design something
h) grind 8) remove excess water from something

 Answers
A- 4
B- 5
C- 8
D- 6
E- 7
F- 3
G- 1
H- 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Match verbs to their academic synonyms

Word Synonyms Answers

1- Build A- alter
2- Change B- assemble
3- Give out C- enhance
4- Grow D- emerge
5- Show E- distribute
6- Do F- cultivate
7- Talk to G- display
8- Remove H- consult with
9- Improve I- extract
10- appear J- undertake

 Answers
1- B
2- A
3- E
4- F
5- G
6- J
7-H
8- I
9- C
10- D
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise

1- Robots are used to ………. the component parts and glue them together.
2- The silkworms ………. from their eggs after a few weeks.
3- Tempering does not ………. the taste of the chocolate.
4- By adding orange or mint, you can ………. the flavor of chocolate, making it less bitter.
5- Large farms are required in order to ………. cocoa plants commercially.
6- When chocolate reaches the shops, it is necessary to ………. it attractively on the shelves so that
more people buy it.
7- When starting a new business, it is wise to ………. other experts in the field.
8- Before you ………. any project, it is important to plan it properly.
9- Once the product has been manufactured, it is necessary to ………. it to shops in order to sell it.
10- This process will ………. waste products.

 Answers
1- assemble
2- emerge
3- alter
4- enhance
5- cultivate
6- display
7- consult with
8- undertake
9- distribute
10- extract
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Change each sentence to passive voice

1- Paper makers make newspapers from hardwood trees.
2- People make the fabric into clothing.
3- People eat chocolate at many religious festivals.
4- Many people consider silk to be the most luxurious fabric in the world.
5- You need patience in the silk-manufacturing process.
6- People have produced silk in China for hundreds of years.
7- People will then sell the clothes for export.

 Answers
1) Newspaper is made from hardwood trees.
2) The fabric is made into clothing.
3) Chocolate is eaten at many religious festivals.
4) Silk is considered to be the most luxurious fabric in the world.
5) Patience is needed in the silk-manufacturing process.
6) Silk has been produced in China for hundreds of years.
7) The clothes will be sold for export.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Correct the mistakes in the sentences

1- Chocolate is make from cocoa beans.
2- Moths are laid eggs.
3) The grain it is made into flour in a mill.
4) The products be are sold in the shops.
5) After the paper is cutted, we store it in large rolls.
6) Once this stage is finished, the silk sells.
7) Before the process finished, the chocolate is packaged.
8) Silkworms are eaten mulberry leaves.

 Answers
1) Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.
2) Moths lay eggs.
3) The grain is made into flour in a mill.
4) The products are sold in the shops.
5) After the paper is cut, we store it in large rolls.
6) Once this stage is finished, the silk is sold.
7) Before the process is finished, the chocolate is packaged.
8) Silkworms eat mulberry leaves.

 Unit 7
1- emperor A- a building for Muslim worship
2- tile B- a place where people wash communally
3- bathhouse C- a stone building or room where someone is buried
4- palace D- a tall, narrow building or part of a building
5- tower E- leader of an empire
6- mosque F- a piece of baked clay used for covering walls
7- sultan G- a type of smooth rock (often white) used in construction
8- architect H- a ruler in a Muslim country
9- tomb I- a large building where an important person lives
10- marble J- a person who designs a building

 Answers

1–E
2- F
3- B
4- I
5- D
6- A
7- H
8- J
9- C
10- G
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Install – straw – solar panels – efficiency – green – mud – affordable – durable -

compromise
1- Buildings which are tough and last a long time are made from ……………… materials.
2- In order to minimize energy costs, modern buildings try to have high- ……………… standards.
3- Environmentally friendly building methods can involve the use of traditional materials such as
……………… or ………………
4- Environmentalists argue that architects should never ……………… on quality or efficiency because of
financial cost.
5- Many architects now ……………… environmentally friendly systems in the buildings they design.
6- Architects usually want their buildings to be ……………… and have a low impact on the environment.
7- To turn sunlight into electricity, roofs may be fitted with ………………
8 Some companies worry that environmentally friendly building designs are expensive and therefore
not……………… .
 Answers
1- durable
2- efficiency
 3- straw mud
4- compromise
5- install
6- green
7- solar panel
8- affordable

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Function / Functionalism function functional functionally
environment xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 1- 2-
3- 4- depressing 5-
responsibility xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6- 7-
Architect xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 9- 10-
8-
11- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 12- efficiently

 Answers
1- environmental
2- environmentally
3- depression
4- depress
5- depressingly
6- responsible
7- responsibly
8- architecture
9- architectural
10- architecturally
11- efficiency
12- efficient
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1- It is important to consider the ……………… impact of any new building.

2- ……………… is an architectural system which believes that function is more important than beauty.
3- Environmentally friendly buildings are usually very ………………
4- Architects need to plan buildings ……………… in order to ensure that they are sustainable.
5- Badly designed buildings can ……………… even the happiest person.
6- One famous critic described ……………… as ‘frozen music’.
7- Architects must consider the impact of buildings on the ………………
8- Employers must be ……………… for providing healthy working areas.
9-Badly built office buildings may cause ……………… in workers.
10- Certain details of ……………… styles change all the time, but most key principles remain the same.
  Answers
1- environmental
2- functionalism
3- efficient
4- responsibly
5- depress
6- architecture
7- environment
8- responsible
9- depression
10- architectural
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Structural engineer / conservation / skyscrapers / outskirts / green belt / urban

sprawl / amenities
1- A person whose job it is to help build an architect’s design is a ………………
2- ……………… are very tall modern buildings.
3- When cities spread out into the countryside, ……………… may be the result
4- The ……………… is a band of unspoilt countryside which may not be built on
5- The suburbs are found on the ……………… of a city
6- It is important that governments make ……………… like libraries and sports facilities available for
everybody.
7- Many believe that the ……………… of ancient buildings is important.

 Answers
1- structural engineer
2- sky carpers
3- urban sprawl
4- green belt
5- outskirts
6- amenities
7- conservation

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Choosing an architect is (1)basically about cost for many organizations. (2)I am sure
that regardless of whether the building is for the private or public sector, initial cost is
(3)really important. Good architecture requires (4)lots of money, and institutions
have to (5)work out whether high costs (6)are worth it in the long term. Some people
claim that (7)here’s not much point in providing an attractive working area. However,
others would argue that a pleasant working environment (8)is good for people’s
moods and therefore their productivity. A recent
survey in a multinational IT company suggested that (9)around about 75% of
employees took this view.

A- calculate
B- can be justified
C- fundamentally
D- approximately
E- there is no real benefit
F- considerable investment
G- has a positive impact on
H- critical
I- undoubtedly

 Answers
1- fundamentally
2- undoubtedly
3- critical
4- considerable investment
5- calculate
6- can be justified
7- there is no real benefit
8- has a positive impact on
9- approximately

 Unit 8
Word definition answers
1. petrol A- a type of heavy oil used as fuel
2. hydroelectricity B- a liquid made from petroleum and used as fuel
3. solar power C- a type of rapeseed oil which can be used as a biofuel
4. diesel D- a process which produces electricity from the sun
5. canola oil E- a fuel that is made from the waste of living things
6. wind turbine F- a process which produces electricity from fast-moving water
7. biofuel G- a tall structure which generates electricity from fast-moving air

 Answers
1- B
2- F
3- D
4- A
5- C
6- G
7- E
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Match types of alternative energy(1–5) to sources (a–e). Use a dictionary to help you

Word definition answers

1- hydropower A- the sun
2- wind B- the heat in the ground
3- solar C- rivers
4- biomass D- fast-moving air
5- geothermal E- organic rubbish and waste products

 Answers
1- C
2- D
3- A
4- E
5- B
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Circle the synonym in each group which is closest in meaning to the word in bold.
 Word definition answers
1- rubbish leftovers / ruins / waste
2- aquatic found in water / on land / in the air
3- offshore underground / in the sea / on the beach
4- inexhaustible unlimited / polluting / tiring
5- initial subsequent / original / unusual
6- generate produce / cause / begin
7- universally somewhere / everywhere / nowhere
8- store acquire / supply / keep

 Answers
1- Waste
2- Found in the water
3- In the sea
4- Unlimited
5- Original
6- Produce
7- Everywhere
8- Keep
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Match the words to make collocations (Reading question)

Word definition answers

1- alarming A- transport
2- electrical B- action
3- motorized C- practices
4- wasteful D- a strategy
5- address E- rate
6- urgent F- items
7- adopt G- the problem

 Answers
1- E
2- F
 3- A
4- C
5- G
6- B
7- D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 Complete the sentences (1–7) with the collocations from Exercise 5.
1- Individuals, organizations and governments can --------------such as “reduce, reuse,
recycle”.
2- It is difficult to discourage people from using --------------frequently for travelling.
3- Perhaps the only way to change people’s --------------is to reward them financially.
4- The reduce, “reuse and recycle” strategy is one way to --------------of over-consumption.
5- Unless we take -----------------, we could find ourselves without vital natural resources
that we take for granted today.
6- We cannot continue using up resources at such an ----------------
7- We should turn off completely when we are ----------------not using them

 Answers
1- adopt a strategy
2- motorized transport
3- wasteful practices
4- address the Problem
5- urgent action
6- alarming rate
7- electrical items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Match the nouns in the box to the correct group of words (1–6).
Energy / problem / production / source / pollution / fuel
1- fossil / diesel / alternative / renewable / clean ----------------
2- renewable / green / nuclear / solar / geothermal ----------------
3- environmental / air / industrial / water / radioactive ----------------
4- energy / fuel / power / water / renewable ----------------
5- electricity / energy / oil / gas / agricultural ----------------
6- serious / health / environmental / major / medical ----------------
 Answers
1- Fuel
2- Energy
 3- Pollution
4- Source
5- Production
6- Problem
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete the sentences below using energy collocations from Exercise 1.
1- Critics of ---------------- energy say that the risks to the environment outweigh the
benefits of cheap electricity.
2- Asthma and diabetes are examples of increasingly common ---------------- problems.
3- For a renewable ------------- electricity to be truly successful, governments have to
invest more money in it.
4- ---------------- fuels, such as oil and gas, have a finite lifespan.
5- ---------------- energy, whichever renewable source it comes from, tends to be slightly
more expensive for the end user.
6- Rivers and lakes are two major ---------------- sources which can be used for
hydroelectric power.
7- Hot, sunny countries are the best places to try and implement ---------------- energy
programmes.
8- The fear that many people have about nuclear power stations is ---------------- pollution.

 Answers
1- Nuclear
2- Health / medical
3- Source
4- Fossil
5- Alternative
6- Water
7- Solar
8- Radioactive
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Match formal verbs (1–8) with informal alternatives (a–h).

Word definition answers
1- consult A- get
2- contest B- skip
3- deliver C- start
4- diminish D- look at
5- instigate E- use
6- omit F- decrease
7- secure G- give
8- utilize H- disagree with

 Answers
1- D
2- H
3- G
4- F
5- C
6- B
7- A
8- E
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete the sentences (1–8) with the correct form of the formal verbs in Exercise 3.
1- Our resources are beginning to ---------------- and soon they will be exhausted.
2- This company needs to ---------------- its energy policy to the government by the end of
the year.
3- The application to construct a wind farm in this area has been ---------------- by local
residents, who dislike the idea.
4- If people ---------------- the documents on our website, they can see how biofuel is made.
5- The recent rise in fuel prices should ---------------- a debate on oil reserves.
6- This car ---------------- fuel more effectively than previous models.
7- Advocates of biofuels sometimes ---------------- key details like how much land is
needed to cultivate the crops.
8- This country needs to ---------------- new sources of renewable energy soon.

 Answers
1- diminish
 2-deliver
3-contested
4-consult
5-instigate
6-utilizes
7-omit
8-secure
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Add commas to the sentences which contain non-defining relative clauses.
1- Nuclear power stations which have poor safety records should be closed down.
2- Solar power which is a form of renewable energy is very popular in southern Spain.
3- There are certain solar panels that can produce almost a kilowatt of electricity per
day.
4- Wind turbines which are located offshore are more expensive than wind turbines
which are located on top of hills.
5- People who criticize nuclear power should consult the facts.
6- Al Gore who is a key supporter of alternative energy won the Nobel prize in 2007.

 Answers
1- No comma
2- Solar power, which is a form of renewable energy, is very popular in southern
Spain.
3- No comma
4- No comma
5- No comma
6- Al Gore, who is a key supporter of alternative energy, won the Nobel prize in
2007.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete the text with the missing prepositions. There may be more than one possible
answer.
One (1) ---------------- the largest problems (2) ---------------- nuclear power is that it is
potentially very dangerous. If we look (3) ---------------- the disaster which occurred (4)
---------------- Fukushima (5) ---------------- 11th March 2011, we can see how the land, air
and sea were contaminated (6) ---------------- radioactive material. The government was
particularly worried that clouds of radioactive gas would move (7) ---------------- centres
of urban population. This would be particularly dangerous if the wind came (8) --------------
the wrong direction. (9) ---------------- the Chernobyl explosion in 1986, people have been
talking (10) ----------- this particular issue.
  Answers
1- of
2- with
3- at
4- In / at
5- on
6- by / with
7- toward / into
8- in / from
9- since
10- about
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Match uncountable nouns (1–8) to countable nouns (a–h).
Word definition answers
1- accommodation A- tool
2- furniture B- bag
3- research C- flat/house
4- luggage D- program
5- software E- chair
6- equipment F- academic paper
7- feedback G- comment
8- stuff H- thing

 Answers
1- C
2- E
3- F
4- B
5- D
6- A
7- G
8- H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words from Exercise 3. There is
sometimes more than one possible answer.
1- How much ---------------- can be taken on the aero plane?
2- Did you get ---------------- from your teacher on your essay?
3- How many new computer ---------------- did you download?
4- Google Scholar says that 208 ---------------- have been written.
5- You need to clear some of your ---------------- out. They’re making a mess of the house.
6- There were some beautiful pieces of ---------------- for sale.
7- Have you got the correct ---------------- for the job?
8- It’s a first floor ---------------- and relatively cheap to rent.

 Answers
1- luggage
2- feedback / comment
3- program
4- academic paper
5- things
6- furniture
7- tools / equipment
8- flat