Scribd
Upload
134 views3 pages

ICSE Climate Notes

India's climate is diverse, influenced by its vast size, varied topography, and geographical location, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. Key factors include the Tropic of Cancer and the Himalayas, which shape seasonal weather patterns such as the South-West and North-East Monsoons. Climatic contrasts affect agriculture, water resources, and daily life, with significant variations in temperature and rainfall across different regions.

Uploaded by

fnousheen12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
134 views3 pages

ICSE Climate Notes

India's climate is diverse, influenced by its vast size, varied topography, and geographical location, ranging from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. Key factors include the Tropic of Cancer and the Himalayas, which shape seasonal weather patterns such as the South-West and North-East Monsoons. Climatic contrasts affect agriculture, water resources, and daily life, with significant variations in temperature and rainfall across different regions.

Uploaded by

fnousheen12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

ICSE Climate Notes

1. Introduction

India's climate is influenced by:


- Vast size
- Varied topography
- Geographical location

This leads to climatic diversity across the country.


Climate varies from tropical in the south to temperate in the north.

Factors affecting it include:


- Altitude
- Proximity to water bodies
- Wind patterns

2. North-South Extent

- India stretches from 8°N to 37°6'N (about 3200 km).


- Unique climatic contrasts are seen from north to south.
- One unifying factor is the monsoon (seasonal reversal of winds).

3. Tropic of Cancer

Passes through:
- Gujarat
- Madhya Pradesh
- Bihar
- West Bengal

Divides India into:


- Northern Temperate Zone
- Southern Tropical Zone

4. Role of Himalayas and Tropic of Cancer

- Himalayas prevent cold winds from Central Asia.


- Tropic of Cancer influences temperature and seasons.
- Climate is broadly described as Tropical Monsoon Climate.
5. Key Points

Two main climate-influencing factors:


1. Tropic of Cancer (23½°N)
2. Great Himalayan Range

6. Summer Climate

- Land becomes extremely hot.


- Low pressure develops over land.
- Winds blow from high pressure to low pressure.
- This causes the South-West Monsoon.

7. Winter Climate

- Land becomes very cold.


- High pressure develops over land.
- Winds blow from land to sea.
- This is the North-East Monsoon.

8. Climatic Contrasts in India

Caused by:
- Geographical location
- Topography
- Monsoon patterns

Affects:
- Agriculture
- Water resources
- Daily life of people

(a) Temperature Conditions in Summer

North of Tropic of Cancer:


- Continental climate
- Very hot in summer, very cold in winter
- Example: Rajasthan up to 50°C, Dras (Kargil) -40°C in winter

South of Tropic of Cancer:


- Near Equator, stays hot all year
- No winter
- Average: 25°C to 27°C
- Example: Bengaluru

Coastal Areas:
- Equable/Maritime climate
- Not too hot or too cold
- Example: Mumbai, Goa, Chennai

Annual temperature range:


- Interiors: up to 20°C
- Coasts: about 3°C to 5°C

(b) Rainfall

Highest rainfall:
- Mawsynram (Meghalaya): 1187 cm/year

Lowest rainfall:
- Thar Desert (Rajasthan): less than 25 cm/year

Monsoon is erratic:
- Can cause floods in some areas
- Droughts in others

Two coasts:
- Western Coast: Heavy rain in June (South-West Monsoon)
- Eastern Coast: Dry in summer, rain in winter

Himalayas: Heavy snowfall in winter


South India: No snowfall, even at high altitudes (near Equator)

You might also like