DECLARATION

A declaration in research is a statement that attests to the originality, authenticity, and

integrity of a research project. It can be used in research proposals, scholarly articles, and
other. The researcher has insert the name signature and date under this item
It aimed at the following
a. Demonstrates adherence to ethical standards
b. Ensures the research is original and free from plagiarism
c. Reinforces the credibility of the research

APPROVAL
means that a researcher has reviewed and given their consent to a research project,
indicating they agree with the proposed methodology, ethics, and overall design of the
study, allowing it to proceed under their supervision; essentially, it signifies their
endorsement to conduct the research as outlined.
Key points about researcher approval:
 Ethical consideration:
This is usually a crucial step in ensuring research adheres to ethical standards, as the
researcher takes responsibility for the project's integrity and participant well-being.
 Institutional review boards
In most academic settings, a researcher's approval is often preceded by a thorough
review and potential modifications by an IRB, which is a committee responsible for
evaluating research ethics.
 Documentation:
Formal documentation of the researcher's approval is typically required, often in the
form of a signed document or a statement within the research proposal.

DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This a personal statement of gratitude to people or institutions who inspired or helped

the researcher. It is usually a short sentence or paragraph at the beginning of a research
paper, thesis, or dissertation. The researcher should recognize and appreciate the
assistance, guidance and selfless effort and wise counsel of his adviser and reader

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of contents is a list of the sections and page numbers in a document, usually found at
the beginning. It helps readers navigate the document by allowing them to jump directly
to a section.
It includes the following
1. Section titles: The titles of the sections in the document

2. Page numbers: The page numbers where the sections begin

3. Descriptions: Sometimes, descriptions of the sections are included
4. Bullet points: Sub-chapter or subsection headings may be included as bullet
ABSTRACT

An abstract is a brief and concise descriptive summary of the statement of the problems,
hypothesis, research design, and determination of sample size, sampling design and
techniques, the subjects, the research instrument, validation of the research instruments,
data gathering procedure, data processing method, statistical treatment, findings,
conclusion and recommendation. - It gives the reader a panoramic view of the research
paper, hence the reader has to decide whether to read the whole paper or not because an
abstract is not a part of a paper and neither numbered nor counted as a page. - An
abstract has two forms, namely: a. Short form - 100 – 175 words and required for a
research paper for publication in a research journal

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study of Objectives of the Study and s Significance of the Study

LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review refers to a comprehensive and critical analysis of existing

research and publications on a particular topic.

It involves summarizing, evaluating, and synthesizing the findings and theories

presented in various scholarly works, such as books, journal articles, and other
relevant sources. The goal is to provide a clear understanding of the current state of
knowledge on the subject, highlight any gaps in the research, and identify areas for
future study. A well-conducted literature review serves as a foundation for further
research, helping to establish the context and significance of the new study.

METHODOLOGY

Introduction

In any research, methodology is the lifeline of good research. Research methodology

Shows clear and workable methods that were followed, how data was' collected,

analyzed and compiled into a meaningful report.

Research D e s i g n

This refers to structured plan that outlines the how a research study is to be conducted to
integrating the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way to effectively
address the research problem. like a descriptive design to get in-depth information about
the topic to critically analyses the laws about the t o p i c , Stratified random sampling
through forming groups and sub groups for representation of intended
parties

Data collection

Questionnaire as a major tool for data collection

The questionnaire is formulated following the research questions and objectives of the
study for consistence and generation of relevant data.

Data analysis .

All the information gathered from the field was sorted, e d i t e d , classified for analysis
a r r a n g e d manually according to research objectives. After transcribing, data was
analyzed and converted into percentages for graphical presentation. Analyzing data
collected e n a b l e d t h e researcher to examine, compare and contrast as well as i1he1pret
and develop meaningful conclusions basing on the aim and objectives of the study.
Sample Population, selection and size,

This study intends to reach out to parents, law makers and other bodies or organs

Data presentation

This shows how Research f i n d i n g s a r e fully presented in the report in form of written
explanation, graphs, and other

Ethical considerations
This involves researcher seeking consent from the respondents, selected to participate in
the study before the questionnaires are delivered to them. Confidentiality is ensured

and highly valued during the study and to avoid jeopardizing the whole process,
respondents were not requested to indicate their names on the questionnaires.

Results and Discussion

This is made of Important Results (graphic presentation) Summary of Findings.

These are basically arranged in various chapters.

 Note that the objects as stated in the abstract forms this part this ranging from the first
to

the last and each objective take an independent chapter

Conclusions
This to the final section of a study where the researcher summarizes the key findings,
explains their significance, and discusses the implications of the research, essentially
providing a wrap-up of the main points and answering the "so what?" question about the
study's results; it often includes suggestions for future research directions as well.
Key points about research conclusions:
 Synthesis:
They bring together the main arguments and evidence presented throughout the
research paper.
 Interpretation:
The researcher explains what the findings mean in the context of existing knowledge.
 Implications:
They discuss the potential practical applications or broader societal impact of the
research.
 Future directions:
Often include suggestions for further research to address unanswered questions.

RECOMMENDATIONS
In research refers to a section within a research paper where the author suggests specific
actions, policy changes, or areas for further study based on the findings of their research,
essentially providing actionable advice or "calls to action" derived from the study results
to guide future practice or research directions.
Key points about recommendations in research:
 Action-oriented:
Unlike conclusions which summarize findings, recommendations propose concrete steps
or interventions that can be taken based on the research.
 Evidence-based:
Recommendations should be directly supported by the data and analysis presented in
the study.
 Practical applications:
They aim to bridge the gap between research findings and real-world application by
suggesting how the information can be utilized.

REFERENCES

are a list of sources cited within a paper, presented at the end of the document, which
provide complete details about each source used to support the research findings,
allowing readers to easily locate and access the original information; essentially, it's a
way to acknowledge the work of others and avoid plagiarism.
We usually start with superior law of the land followed with relevant statutes and case
laws