LESOTHO GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION
Kingdom of Lesotho
Ministry of Education and Training
CANDIDATE
NAME
CENTRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUMBER
PHYSICAL SCIENCE 0181/01
45 minutes
Specimen Paper 1 marks: 40
Candidates answer all questions on the Question Paper.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
• Write in soft pencil.
• Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
• Write your name, Centre number, candidate number and name on the Answer Sheet in the spaces
provided unless this has been done for you.
• There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.
• Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Answer Sheet.
• Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
• Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
• Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
• A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 17.
This document consists of 17 printed pages
© ECoL 2012 Examinations Council of Lesotho [ TURN OVER
1. Figure 1.1 shows two digital stop-watches X and Y which record in minutes and seconds,
and are used to time a race.
Fig. 1.1
Which statement is correct?
A both stop watches recorded the same time interval
1
B stopwatch X recorded 10 s longer than stopwatch Y
ER
C stopwatch Y recorded 10 s longer than stopwatch X
D stopwatch Y recorded 50 s longer than stopwatch X
P
PA
EN
IM
EC
SP
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2. A car travels at various speeds during a short journey.
Table 2.1 shows the distances travelled and the time taken during each of four stages
P, Q, R and S.
Table 2.1
Stage P Q R S
Distance travelled/km 1.8 3.6 2.7 2.7
Time taken/minutes 2 2 4 3
During which two stages is the car travelling at the same speed?
A P and Q
B P and S
C Q and R
1
D R and S
P ER
3. Figure 3.1 shows two identical measuring cylinders containing different liquids placed on
a simple balance. They balance as shown.
PA
EN
IM
EC
Fig. 3.1
SP
How does the density of liquid X compare with the density of liquid Y?
The density of X is
A half the density of Y
B the same as the density of Y
C twice the density of Y
D four times the density of Y
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4. Figure 4.1 shows a load weighing 20 N placed at a distance of 20 cm from a pivot of a
plank. Another load weighing 10 N is placed on the opposite side from the pivot.
Fig. 4.1
How far from the pivot will the load weighing 10 N balance the 20 N load?
A 10 cm
B 20 cm
C 40 cm
1
D 200 cm
5.
ER
Figure 5.1 shows a train travelling along a horizontal track at constant speed. Two of the
P
forces acting on the train are shown in the diagram.
PA
EN
IM
Fig. 5.1
EC
A force of air resistance is also acting on the train to give a resultant force of zero.
What is this air resistance force?
SP
A 40 000 N backwards
B 80 000 N backwards
C 40 000 N forwards
D 80 000 N forwards
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6. Figure 6.1 shows a steel washer and steel rod. An engineer wants to fix a steel washer
on to a steel rod, into the hole of the washer. The rod is just too big to fit.
How can the engineer fit the washer onto the rod?
washer
Fig. 6.1
A cool the washer and put it over the rod
B cool the washer and rod to the same temperature and push them
together
C heat the rod and then place it in the hole
1
D heat the washer and then place it over the rod
P ER
PA
7. Figure 7.1 shows a man standing on a ladder painting a wall. He leans over too far and
the ladder starts to fall. The diagram shows his position just before the ladder starts to fall.
At which point A, B, C or D is the combined centre of mass of the man and the ladder?
EN
IM
A
B
EC
C
D
SP
Fig. 7.1
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8. Figure 8.1 shows a rubber ball dropped from a height of 2 metres onto a table. Whilst in
contact with the table, some of its energy is converted into heat energy.
What is the highest possible point A, B, C or D the ball could reach after bouncing?
Fig. 8.1
1
9. Equal masses of two different liquids are heated using the same heater. The graph in
Figure 9.1 shows how the temperature of each liquid changes with time.
P ER
PA
EN
IM
EC
Fig. 9.1
SP
What does the graph tell us about the liquids?
A liquid 1 has a higher melting point than liquid 2
B liquid 1 has a higher boiling point than liquid 2
C liquid 1 starts to melt sooner than liquid 2
D liquid 1 starts to boil sooner than liquid 2
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10. Figure 10.1 shows a white plastic lid placed on a plastic cup containing a hot drink.
Fig. 10.1
Placing the plastic lid would have least effect on the loss of heat by
A conduction and convection
B convection and evaporation
C conduction and radiation
D evaporation and Radiation
1
11. An iron core is used to link the primary coil of a transformer to the secondary coil.
What type of link is this? ER
A electrostatic
P
PA
B magnetic
C mechanical
EN
D thermal
IM
EC
SP
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12. In Figure 12.1, the distance OP is the focal length of the lens. The ray shown is refracted is
refracted by the lens. Which point A, B,C or D will the refracted ray pass through?
C
D
Fig. 12.1
13. Figure 13.1 shows a metal bar X brought close to a suspended metal bar Y. The bar Y is
repelled. What does this show you about the bars?
1
P ER
Fig 13.1
PA
A only bar X is a magnet
B only bar Y is a magnet
EN
C bar X and Y are both magnets
D bar X is a magnet and bar Y is not a magnet
IM
EC
SP
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14. The table 14.1 shows the voltage and current ratings for four electric heaters.
Which heater has the least resistance?
Table 14.1
Voltage/V Current/A
A 110 5.0
B 110 10.0
C 230 5.0
D 230 10.0
15. Figure 15.1 shows two charged balls P and Q hung one above the other, from nylon threads.
When a positively charged plastic rod is placed alongside them, P is repelled and Q is
attracted.
1
positively-charged
positively-charged
P ER
rod
ro
d
PA
Fig. 15.1
EN
What are the charges on P and on Q?
IM
EC
Charge on PC C.harge on Q
A negative negative
B negative positive
SP
C positive negative
D positive positive
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16. Figure 16.1 shows a pendulum swinging from A to C back to A.
Fig. 16.1
The period of the pendulum is 1.2 sec. Calculate the time taken for the pendulum
to move from A to B.
A 0.3 sec
1
B 0.6 sec
C
D
0.9 sec
1.2 sec
P ER
PA
17. Which material is commonly used as a lining for containers storing radioactive samples?
EN
A aluminium
B copper
IM
C lead
D uranium
EC
SP
238
18. The uranium nuclide 92 U emits an α-particle.
What are the nucleon and proton numbers of the nuclide produced?
Nucleon number Proton number
A 238 88
B 236 90
C 234 92
D 234 90
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19. Figure 19.1 shows the spectrum of electro-magnetic waves.
Which region A, B, C or D represents radio waves?
A Micro-wave B Visible light C X-rays D
Fig. 19.1
20. Figure 20.1 shows an experiment to monitor the radiation from a radioactive gas.
The counter readings are corrected for background radiation.
1
Fig. 20.1
P ER
PA
Table 20.1 shows how the counter reading varies with time
Table 20.1
EN
Time/seconds 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
IM
Counter reading/
counts per 140 105 82 61 44 36 27 20 15 10
EC
minute
SP
What is the half-life of the gas?
A between 20 and 40 seconds
B between 40 and 60 seconds
C between 60 and 140 seconds
D between 140 and 180 seconds
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21. Which of the following combine chemically to form a molecule?
A atoms
B atoms and ions
C ions
D neutrons
22. Figure 22.1 shows the structure of an atom.
ee
ee
ee
Key
e e 15 p e e
e = electrons
e e
16 n n = neutrons
p = protons
1
ee
e ER
Fig. 22.1
P
PA
What is the nucleon number of the atom?
A 15
EN
B 16
C 30
IM
D 31
EC
23. Why does graphite act as a lubricant?
SP
A it is brittle
B it is conductive
C it is hard
D it is slippery
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24. Which process is involved in the extraction of iron from iron oxide?
A neutralization of basic iron oxide
B oxidation of iron oxide
C precipitation of iron
D reduction of iron oxide
25. Which of the following is the best way to conserve metal resources?
A degradation of metal materials
B mining of more metal ores
C recycling of metal waste materials
D replace the use of all metals with plastics
26. What is an important purpose of intentionally mixing metals to make alloys?
1
A to make the metals stronger
B to make the metals brittle
C to make the metals less shiny
P ER
D to make the metals less resistant to corrosion
PA
27. Which noble gas is used in weather balloons?
A argon
EN
B helium
IM
C krypton
D neon
EC
28. Which of the following is produced by heating limestone on its own in a kiln?
SP
A cement
B glass
C quicklime
D slaked lime
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29. Calcium reacts with water in a similar way to sodium.
Complete the following word equation
calcium + water → ?+?
A calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
B calcium hydroxide + oxygen
C calcium oxide + hydrogen
D calcium oxide + oxygen
30. Which of the following is most likely to be part of an antacid indigestion medicine?
A ethanoic acid
B potassium permanganate
C sodium hydrogen carbonate
D sodium hydroxide
1
31. When Khonthu accidentally spilled dilute hydrochloric acid on a table made of iron, he
noticed bubbles and fumes of a gas forming.
Name the gas formed.
P ER
A carbon dioxide
PA
B chlorine
C hydrogen
EN
D oxygen
32. How does an atom form an ion?
IM
A By gaining or losing electrons
EC
B By gaining or losing protons
C By gaining or losing neutrons
SP
D By gaining or losing both protons and neutrons
33. Caesium (Cs) is in Group 1 of the Periodic Table and astatine (At) is in Group 7.
What is the formula of the compound formed by the two elements?
A CsAt
B Cs₂ At
C Cs₇ At
D CsAt₇
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34. A metal with a very high melting point and catalytic properties forms an orange compound.
In which Group of elements in the Periodic Table is the metal found?
A alkali metals
B alkali earth metals
C halogens
D transition elements
35. Which of the following is an important cause of global warming?
A build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
B build-up of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere
C reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
D release of carbon monoxide in to the atmosphere
36. Which of the following processes is endothermic?
1
A burning carbon
B
C
condensing steam
melting ice
P ER
D reacting potassium with water
PA
37. Which of the following is a monomer of a synthetic macromolecule?
EN
A amino acid
B ethane
IM
C ethene
EC
D glucose
38. Which gas would be produced at the cathode during electrolysis of dilute
SP
sulfuric acid?
A hydrogen
B oxygen
C sulphur dioxide
D water vapour
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39. Figure 39.1 shows a chromatogram obtained from five different dyes.
Which of the dyes are pure substances?
1 2 3 4 5
Fig. 39.1
A 1 and 4
B 1 and 5
1
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
P ER
PA
40. Which of the following is the composition of brass?
A Br and Sn
EN
B Cu and Sn
C Cu and Zn
IM
D Fe and Zn
EC
SP
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1
P ER
PA
EN
IM
EC
SP
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