BULL. DOT. SURV.

INDIA
kol. 11, Nos. 3 & 4 :pp. 234-244, 1969

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BOTANY OF GANGANAGAR DISTRICT, NORTH RAJASTHAN

S. G. JV.Khalsa College, Ganganagar, Rajasthan

ABSTRACT
The paper presents a preliminary account of the flora of Ganganagar district, North Rajasthan.
oris is tic all^ the d~strictis an integral part of north-west
Rajasthan, but with the introduction of canal
irrigation, many new species have migrated into the area. In this paper, there are 15 species which are
new reports for the state of Rajasthan. Ganganagar is a very important agricultural district and in view
of that, the weeds of the crops have been pointed out and marked with asterisks(*).

INTRODUCTION work, which was continued for two years, 244

Ganganagar district is primarily an irrigated species have been reported.
desert area in the extreme north of Rajasthan.
SOIL AND CLIMATE
Geographically, the district is located between lati-
tude 28.40' to 30.6'N and longitude 72.36' to There are no rocks or gravelly soils in this dis-
75.30%. It is bounded cn its north-east by Feroze- trict. In the irrigated part, soils under irrigation of
pur district of Punjab and Hissar district of Gang canal and Bhakra canal systems are sandy
Haryana and cn the north iil~d north-wcst by loam. As the Rajasthan canal irrigation was started
Bahawalnagar district of West Pakistan. Towards only recently, the soil is sandy it1 this part. In the
its south lie the desert districts of Bikaner and uncolnmanded area, it is sandy plains and shifting
Churu. Nearly one-fourth of the total district area sand dunes, as round about Suratgarh, between
of 20648 sq. km i.e. 4342 sq. km is irrigated by Anupgarh and Pakistan border or stabilised dunes
three different canal systems, which draw water of the Nohar and Bhadra Tehsils. There is a
from Sutlej river in Punjab. The irrigation in this seasonal river called Ghaggar, which enters near
district started in 1928 by the Gang canal and has Hanumangarh in East and ends near Anupgarh
been increased since then, by the Bhakra canal and in the West, thus flowing across the district. The
Rajasthan canal systems. In the irrigated area river flows only in July and August and remains
natural vegetation was all destroyed by the farmers dry for the remaining part of the year. During
and it only exists along railway lines, roads, villag: rainy season, it floods large areas along its course
cemeteries and in the protected areas of the State and forms pools and puddles in which aquatic
Forest Department near Hanumangarh and Bijay- vegetation comes up. Soil in the bed of this river
nagar. Though the main floral elements of this is heavy clay. There are some saline areas near
district are those of the Rajasthan desert, yet it Jetsar and Anupgarh, where halophytes flourish.
has developed its own characteristic flora, since a Climatic conditions and agricultural operations
large number of plants have been introduced as have greatly influenced the vegetation of the area.
weeds by the canal water and also as contamina- The district experiences extremes of temperature ;
tion of the crop seeds. A large number of species. it is hottest in India during summer and the tem-
which are not found in other parts of Rajasthan perature falls below 0°C at night during winter.
desert have established along canal banks in this For western Rajasthan, the highest temperature
area. As a result thereof, quite a large number of recorded so far is 50°C in Ganganagar (V. C . Misra--
species are found here which may be new records Geography of Rajasthan). During winter there are
for the state of Rajasthan and especially for north- on the average ten frost days. Relative humidity
west Rajasthan, of which climatically, this area is is very low throughout the year and from April to
an integral part. Prior to this study, no systematic June, hot dry sand ladden winds blow regularly
work has been done in the exploration of the area from south-west to north-west. Ganganagar has
and no report of the vascular plants of this area about 27 days of dust storms, which is the highest
has been published so far. In this preliminary for Rajasthan and India. The mean annual rainfall
19691 DHILLoN AND BAJWA: A cONTRlBUTlON TO THE BOTANY OF GANGANAGAR DISTRICT *35

is 25 cms, which falls in July to September and PAPAVERACEAE

is uncertain. In winter, cold wind blows from north Argemone mexicana Linn.
to south, which has a killing effect on the aerial Along roads and waste places ; Fl. & Fr.: Feb.-
parts of perennial herbs. April and also during rainy season, Ganga Singh
Farm Road, 21.2.67, Bajwa 102.
FLORISTIC ANALYSIS
A perusal of the reported species will show, that FUMARIACEAE
there are many species from the district which *Furnaris indica (Haussk.) Pugsley
have not been reported so far from Rajasthan. Abundant as weed in winter crops and in moist
Most important of these are : Malcolmia africana, waste places ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, College Farm,
Medicago polymorpha, Omanthe javanica, Psam- 23.3.68, Dhillon 82.
m g e t o n biternalum, Cirsium wallichii, Zflogr~ BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
fontanessi, Antirrhinztm orontium, Plantago a m *Coronopw didymusr (Linn.) Sm.
plexicaulzs, P o l ~ ~ o n u m
barbaturn, P. lanzgerum, Winter weed ; F1. & Fr.: Jan.-March, College
Alloteropsts czmzczna, Hemartkrzcr compressa, Im- Farm, 21.2.67, Bajwa 103.
perata cylindrica, Lolium temulentum and Lopho- F d a hamiltonil Royle
chloa pumiEa. In all 244 species which are In dry waste places ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-April and
being reported belong to I 8 I genera and 57 families, also in rainy season, College Campus, 2 I .2.67, BajLua
out of these, 57 are m o n o c o t ~ l e d ~ n ospecies
~s be- I 04.
longing to lo families. There are some rare and F. jacqnea~onliiHook. f. & Thorns.
interesting species in this report like, Malcolmio Grows along with Farsetk hamtltonii with same
africana, ~ s i m m o ~ e t o biternatum,
n Dipterygium flowering and fruiting season, College Campus;
glaucum etc. There are four species of Pteridophy- 21.2.67, Bajwa 105.
tes in addition to Angiosperms. *Lepidium sativum Linn.
CULTIVATED CROPS A weed in winter crops; F1. & Fr.: Jan.-March,
Ganganagar is a very important agricultural d i s Lyallpur Farm, 21.2.67, Bajwa 106,
trict and is known as granary of India. The main *Malcalmia africana Br.
cultivated summer crops are Cotton, Bajra, Gowar, Winter weed along water courses and. in moist
Moong, Moth, Urd, Ti1 and Sugar Cane. The waste places in farms ; Fl. & Fr.: 'Feb.-March,
winte'r crops are Wheat, Barley, Gram, Toria and College Farm, 23.3.68, Dhillon 88.
Sarson. Rice is cultivated along the Ghaggar bed. *Sisymbrim, irio Linn.
There are large number of orchards in the district, Common winter weed in farms and in moist
where various species of citrus, of which Malta is waste places ; F1. & Fr : Jan.-March, College Farm.
most common, Guava, Pommegranate, Phalsa and 23.3.68, Dhillon go.
Mangoes are cultivated. Grape cultivation has also CAPPARACEAE incl. CLEOMACEAE (CAPPARIDACEAE)
been introduced recently. For the last one year, Cap@$ decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.
Sugar beet and Soya bean have also been culti- Arid area along Hanumangarh Road ; El. & Fr.:
vated on a small scale. Thus about 60 to 70 per March-April and Sept.-Oct., Hanumangarh Road,
cent; of the area is under cultivation, where large. 14.3.67, Bajwa 107.
number of weeds grow. These weeds are marked C. epinosa Linn.
with asterisk, Protected forest area, Hanumangarh ; F1. & Fr.:
Spring and rainy season, Forest area, 15.9.68,Bajwir
108.
ENUMERATION
Cleome brachyearpa Vahl ex DC.
DICOTYLEDONS In semi arid areas, on sandy and sandy loam soil ;
F1. & Fr. : Feb.-March also in Sept., College Campus
RANUNCULACEAE and Jaitsar, 14.3.66, Dhillon 109.
Rannnculos sceleratos Linn. *C. gynandra Linn.
Grows along the banks'of canals and very moist I n protected forest area Hanumangarh and in
places ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.-March, Sadhuwali, 21.2.67, Suratgarh Farm ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-Sept. ; Suratgarh
Ohillon Ior. Farm, I o. I I .68,Dhillon z r z,
236 BULLETIN OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA [VO~.I I

MALVACEAE
"Cleome viwosa Lhn.
Weed in rainy season ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept. : Ablltilon glaucum (Cav.) G. Don.
College Farm, 139.67, Dhillon 5. Along roads and canals; F1. 8r Fr. Aug.-Sept.,
Dipterygiurn gtalcicum Decne. Along Z canal and Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67,
'Grows 'on partly stabilised .sand dunes ; F1. & Fr. : Dhitlon 48.
Starts in April and continues through the hot sum- *Malva parviflora Linn.
mer till the end of Oct., Jaitsar and along Hanu- Spring weed in irrigated fields; F1. & Fr,: March-
mangarh Road, 27.9.67, Dhillon I 10. April, Tripuli Farm, 19.3.66, Baj7ea I 15.
*M. sylveshSsr Linn.
RESEDACEAE
Spring weed in moist places ; F1. & Fr.: Fcb.-
Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbr. April, College Farm, 23.3.68, Dhillon 83
By the side of roads and waste dry places ; F1. & *Malvsetrum coronmddianum (Linn.) Garcke
Fr. : Feb.-April, Hanumangarh Road, 16.3.68. Grows under orchard trees ; F1. & Fr.: Febr
Dhillon I I I . April, Sohanlal Orchard, 14.3.66, Bajwa I 16.
POLYGALACEAE *Sida cordifolia Linn.
In waste places during rainy season ; F1. & Fr.:
*Polygala erioptera DC.
Aug.-Sepr., College Campus, 6.9.67, Dltillon 70.
Grows along grasses on sandy soils ; F1. & Fr.:
*S. alba Linn.
Aug,-Sept., Forest area, Sohanlal Orchard, 27.9.67,
Dhillon 97. Grows under orchard trees ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.Sept.,
Sohanlal Orchard, 26.9.67, Bajwd "7.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
TILIACEAE
t A r e d mrpyllifolii 1,inn.
Winter weed in irrigated fields ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.- Corchorus c)epsms (Linn.) Stocks
March, College Farm, 23.3.68, Dhillon 81. Waste places in rainy season ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-
*~ile&con6idea Linn.
Sept., College Campus, 26.9.67, Dhillon I 18.
*C. trideas Linn.
Winter weed in irrigated fields ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.-
March, Chak 3Z and College Farm, 23.3.68, Rainy season weed in crop fields ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-
~ h i l l o l z87. Sept., College Farm, I 3.8.67, Dhillon 27.
* s p e r m awensis Linn. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Winter weed in irrigated fields ; F1. & Fr. : Feb.- Fagonia cretica Linn.
March, Chak 3Z, 16.3.67, Dhillon I 12. In waste places, which are dry ; F1. Br Fr. : Spring
*Stellaria media Cyrill. and in rainy season, College Campus, 26.3.67, Bajwa
Very common along water courses ; F1. & Fr.: 119.
Jan.-March, College Farm, 16.3.67, Bajwa I 13. *Trbdus dabs Delile
*Vscc8ria pyramidata Medic. Dry waste places in spring and rainy season ; Fl.
Winter weed of irrigated wheat and gram fields ; & Fr. : Feb.-March and Aug.-Sept., College Campus,
F1. & Fr. : Feb.-March, Chak 3Z and College Farm, Jaitsar, Suratgarh Farm, 27.8.67, Dhillon 59.
23.3.68, Dhillon 89. *T.tenestris Linn.
Dry waste places along with Tribulus alatus, but
PORTULACACEAE more abundant ; F1. & Fr. : Spring and rainy season,
*leortulaca quadrifih Linn. College Campus, I 3.8.67, Dhillon I o.
Rainy season weed and in waste places ; Fl.& Fr. : Peganurn harmala Linn.
Aug.-Sept., Tripuli Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 45. Dry waste places in loamy soils ; F1. & Fr. : March-
*P. oleracea Linn. Aqril, College Campus, along Karanpur Road,
common rainy season weed ; F1, & Fr. : Aug.- 26.3.67, Bajwa 120.
Sepc., College Farm, 13.8.6.7, Dhillon 13. OXALIDACEAE
TAMARICACEAE *Oxalis cornicdata Linn.
T&I dboTca Roxb. Grows in moist 'waste places, along water courses
,Dry waste places ; F1. & Fr.: Sept.-Oct., Near and moist fields ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-Sept., College
Suratgarh town, 10.9.68, Dhillon I 14. Farm, 15.10.66, Bajwa 121,
19~931 DHILLON 4ND BAJWA: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BOTANY OF GANGANAGAR DISTRICT
237
Oxalis m ~ . a n aZucc. "Lf@thyua aphaca Linn.
Uncommon, as weed in gardens, produces bulbils ; Grows as weed in farms and moist waste places
F1. & Fr. : Aug.-Sept., College Lawns, 15.8.669 in winter ; F1. & Fr.: Jan.-March. Lyallpur Farm,
Dhillon I 22. r I .2.66, Dhillon 13I.
MELIACEAE *L. sativw Linn.
A~dimcMaindica Juss. Weed in winter in fodder crops ; F1. & Fr.: Jan.-
Introduced, common in villages ;F1. & Fr. : March- March, Jandwali, 9.3.66, Dhillon 132.
May, College Campus, 13.3.66, Bajwa 123. *.Medicago polymorpha Linn.
Melii s z e h c h Linn. Weed in irrigated winter crops : F1. & Fr.: Jan.-
Introduced, u1,cornmon ; F1. Sr Fs. : Marcn-Mas. March, College Farm, 13.3.66, Dlzillon 133.
Govt. nursery, 15.4.66, Dhillon 124. "Melilotus slba Desr.
Weed in irrigated winter crops, F1. & Fr. : Jan.-
RHAMNACEAE
March, College Farm. 13.3.66,Dhillon I 34.
Zizyphus m & u r i t h Lamk. *M. indim All.
Dry, uncultivated areas ; F1. & Fr. : March-April, Weed in irrigated winter crops ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-
Hanumangarh forest, 23.3.66, Dhillon 125.
March. LyaUpur Farm, 13.3.66, Aajwa 135.
Z. nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Am.
Dry uncultivated areas ; F1. & Fr. : A~lg.-Oct.. Phageolw trilobus Ait.
Han~~manjiarh forest, 14.4.68, Bn$r)a 126. An uncommon rainy season plant, grows in gras-
ses ; F1. & Fr. : July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest,
FABACEAE (PAPILIONACEAE)
22.10.67, Dhillon 77.
Alydcarpw monilifer DC.
Rlcynchosiai minima DC.
Grows in mesophytic habitat in rainy season ; F!.
Common small climber in rainy season; F1. &
& Fr. : Aug.-Sept., College Campus, 6.9.67, Dhillon
Fr. : July-Sept., Hanumangarh, I 4.9.66, Dltillon I 36.
72.
"A~tqgdustribuloides Del. *Sesbania bispinosa Wacq.) Fawc & Rendle
I n moist sandy places during spring; F1. & Fr,: Weed in Kharif irrigated crops ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-
Feb.-March, Hanumangarh and Shivpur, 23.3.68, Sept., College Farm, 19.8.67, hillo on 33.
Dhillon 84. Tephrosia hamiltonii J. R. Drumrn.
robl la ria burhia Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. tlncommon, in rainy season, grows among gras-
Very common in uncultivated arid areas ; F1. & ses ; F1. & Fr. : July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest,
Fr. : Jan.-April, Hanumangarh protected area, 8.9.68, Dhillon 137.
21.3.67, Bajwa 127. "Trigonella foenllm-graecum Linn.
'C. medicaghea Lamk. var. lwurians Baker Weed in irrigated winter crops ; F1. & Fr. : Feb.-
Weed in Jowar fields ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-Sept., March, College Farm, 13.3.66, Bayta 138.
College Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 34. *Vicia mtiva Linn.
Indigdera hochbtetteri Baker Very cornmcn weed in irrigated winter crops ; F1.
In waste laces during rainy season ; ??I. & Fr*: & Fr. : Jan.-March, College Farm, I 3.3.66, Dhillon
July-Sept., Chak Nardn Singh Wala, 27-8-67? '39.
Dhillon 65. cAESALPINIACEAE
I. cordifolia Heyne ex Roth
Among grasses in arid areas during rainy season; C d a obtoeifolia Linn.
F1. & Fr : July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest area, Uncommon, during rainy season ;F1. & Fr. : Aug.-
28.9.67, Dhillon I 28. Sept., College Campus, 12.10.67, B a p a 75.
1. linifolii Retz. C. occidentalis Linn.
Grows among grasses in rainy season ; Fl. & Fr. : Grows in moist waste places only, during rainy
July-Septa, Hanumangarh foresr area, 28.9.67, Bajwlz season, F1. & Fr.: Aug,-Sept., Govt. College Cam-
I 29. pus, 6.9.67, Dhillon 7 1.
I. sessiliflora DC. Parlchmda adeats Linn.
Grows among grasses in rainy season ; q.& Fr.: Introduced as hedge plant and an ornamental
July-Sept., crossing of Karni Branch and Suratgarh tree ; FI. & Fr.: Feb.-April, College Campus,
Branch, 15.9.67, Bajwa 130. 13.3.66, Bajwa 140.
238 BULLETIN OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA [Vol. II

MIMOSACEAE Fr. : Aug.-Sept., Jaitsar, 26.9.67, Bajwa 146,

Acacia nildica (Linn.) Del. subsp. inaca (Benth.)
Zaleya delcandra (Linn.) Burm. f.
Rrenan
Weed in farms in rainy season ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-
Common along canals ; 1;l. 6r Fr, : Aug.-Sept.,
Oct., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 67.
along Z minor canal, 13.8.67, Dhillon 21.
A. senegal Willd. Trimthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willd.
Restricted to Gogameri area ; Fl. & Fr. : July- Uncommon in waste places ; FI. & Fr.: Aug.-
Occ., Hanumangarh, I 3.9.66, Dhillon 14I. Sept., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 46.
Nbiiia lebbeck Benth. APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)
Introduced, along some canals ; F1. & Fr, : Feb.- *Anethum graveolens Linn.
April, a minor canal, 13.4.68, Bajrra 142. Winter weed in irrigated crops ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.-
Proeopis cineraria (Linn.) Druce
March, College Farm, 13.3.66, Bojwa 147.
Common all over the area ; F1. & Fr. : Feb.-April,
Hanumangarh Road, 9.3.66, Dhillon 143. Centella miatica (Linn.) Urban.
ONAGRACEAE
Moist banks of main canals ; El. & Fr.: Sept.-Oct.,
Sadhuwali, 15.8.67, Dhillon 148.
LuWgia peremis Linn.
Along the banks of Gang canal, uncommon ; F1. Ocmthe favanica (Miq.) DC.
& Fr.: Aug.-Oct., Gang Canal and Suratgarh road In water along the banks of canals ; F1. & Fr.:
cross, I o. I I .68, Dhzllon 208. Feb.-March and in Aug.-Sept., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67,
CUCURBITACEAE Dhillon 44.
Cihullua colocynthie (Linn.) Schrad. *Psammageton biternatum Edgew.
Uncultivated sandy places ; F1. & Fr. : Sept.-Oct., Weed in unirrigated fields in winter ; F1. & Fr.:
College Campus and ITanumangarh Road, 14.9.66, Feb.-March, Hanumangarh Road, 15.3.66, Dhillon
Bajwa 144. '49.
*Cueurnis csllom (Rottl.) Cogn. RUBIACEAE
Rainy season weed in crops ; FI. & Fr. : Aug.-Oct.,
Borreria articdaris (Linn. f.) F. N. Wils.
College Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon I .
Common in waste places during rainy season ; F1.
*Momordica balmmima Linn.
& Fr. : Aug.-Oct., Chak Narain Singh, 27.8.67,
Weed in field hedges in rainy season ; Fl. & Fr.:
Dhillon 151.
Aug.-Sept., College Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 7.
*Mnkia aslcPempatana (Linn.) Roem. *Koh;autia abpera (Roth) Bremek.
Rainy season weed ; F1. & Fr. : Aug. to Sept., Weed in moist shady places ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-
Lyallpur Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 6. Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 27.9.67, Dhillon 150.
MOLLUGINACEAE ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
*Ghekia pharnaceoides Linn. Artmida gcoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Rainy season weed and also in waste places ; FI. Perennial herb, grows in waste places ; Fl. & Fr.:
& Fr.: .Aug.Sept., Chak Narain Singh, 22.8.67, Sept.-Oct., Chak Narain Singh, 19.9.67, Dhillon 152.
Dhillon 61. *Bl&villea acmella (Linn.) Philipson
Gliaurm Idoi&a ,Linn. Grows as weed under the orcha1.d trees ; F1. & Fr. :
In waste places during rainy season ; F1. & Fr.: July-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67, Dhilfon 57.
Aug.-Oct., Suratgarh Farm, 10.1 1.68, Dhiflon 207.
*Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC.
L b m indiclmn Stocks ex Anderson
Very common weed of waste places ; Fl. & Fr.:
Grows in waste places during rainy season ; Fl. &
Jan.-March, College Farm, 16.3.67, DIzillon 153.
Fr. : Aug.Sept., Chak Narain Singh, 22.8.67, Dhillon
*Cartbarnus oxycantha Bieb.
'45.
*Mollugo cerviana Ser . A very comnlon troublesome weed in rahi crops ;
Fl. & Fr. : March-April, College Farm, 14.4.66,
Rainy season weed in cotton crops ; F1. & Fr. :
Aug.-Sept., Chak Narain Singh, ~ ~ ~ 8 Dhillon
. 6 % 62. Bajwa 154.
AIZOACEAE *Cirsium.wadlicbii DC.
Semvim sisuviuides (Fenzl) Verdc. Weed in, waste places or orchards ; F1. & Fr.:
Rainy season plant, grows in waste places ; F1, & Jan.-March, Lyallpur Orchard, 23.2.66. Dhillon 155.
196d DHILLON AND BAJwA: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BOTANY OF GANGANAGAR DISTRICT 239

CoMa hemisphaerica (Roxb.) Clarke *Vernonia cinerea Less.

Grows in waste moist places during spring ; F1. & Weed in gardens during winter ; FI. & Fr.: Jan.-
Fr. : Feb.-April, College Campus, 14.4.66. Dhillon March, DAV School water course, 3.2.67, Bajwa 17 I .
I 56. "Vicoa indica (Linn.) DC.
Echinops echinatus Roxb. Common weed of orchards during rainy season ;
Abundant in waste places during spring ; El. & El. & Fr. : July-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67,
Fr. : Feb.-April, Govt. College Campus, 14.4.66, Bajwa Dhillon 49.
'57. Volutarella ramosa (Roxb.) Sant.
Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn. In open waste grounds in spring ; FI. & Fr. :
Common along canal banks ; F1. & Fr. : Through- Feb.-April, College Campus, 26.3.67, Dhilion 172.
out the year, Z minor canal, 23.368, Dhillon 158. "Xmthium ~truarsuiumLinn.
*GnaphJllium indicwu Linn. Very common in irrigated areas, in moist waste
A common winter weed of farms ; El, & Fr.: places and edges of farms ; El. & E'r.: In spring and
Jan.-March, Lyallpur Farm, I I .2.66, DhZliot2 159. in rainy season, College Campu:s. 12.10.67, Dhillon
*G. luteo-album Linn. 76.
Common along the farm water courses in spring ; PKIMULACEAE
F1. & Fr.: Feb.-April, Lyallplir Farm, 11.2.66, *Anagallis arvenais Linn.
Dhillon 160. Winter weed in irrigated crops ; F1. & Fr.: Peb.-
Iflogs fmtaneaii Cass. March, College Farm, 23.3.68, Dhillon 80.
Common in waste places during spring ; F1. SALVADORACEAE
Fr. : Feb.-April, Govt. College Campus, 26.3.67, Salvadora persica Linn.
L)hillon 161. Arid areas of the district ; El. 8: Fr. : April-May,
LaU- choadh4Hoides (DC.) Hook. f. Hanumangarh forest, 23.3.66, Dhillon 173.
In waste places during winter ; El. & Fr.: Jan.-
ASCLEPIADACEAE
March, College Campus, 26.3.67, Dhillon 162.
"L-fallax (Jaub. & Spach.) 0.Ktze. Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f.
Very common winter ephemeral ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.- Common in sandy places along roads and railway
March, College Campus, 26.3.67, B a k a 163. lines ; F1. & Fr. : Spring and in rainy season, College
Pluchea laacedata (A. DC.) 01iv. Campus, I o. I I .68, Dhillon 209.
In arid areas, protected in capparis bushes ; Fl. & Leptadenia pyrotechnics (Forsk.) Decne.
Fr. : Aug.-Oct., along Karni Branch, z7.9.67, Dhillon Semi arid areas on sandy soil ; F1, & Fr. : Spring
and in Sept.-Oct., Rawatsar Road, 10.1 1.68, Dhillon
99.
2 19.
*Micaria mgmtifolia DC.
Along the sides of orchards during rainy season ; GENTIANACEAE
F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Oct., Sohanlal Orchard, 10.10-679 *Centauriun~roxburghii (G. Don) Druce
Dhillon 164. Weed in moist places and is uncommon ; F1. &
P. c r i w Sch.-Bip. Fr. : Feb.-March, Lyallpur Farm, I I .2.66, Bajwa 174.
Common along roads in spring ; F1. & Fr.: Jan.- BORAGINACEAE
April, College Campus, 26.3.67, Bajwa 165. Arnebia hispidimha DC.
"SOnchus aqer (Linn.) Hill. Sandy waste places among the grasses ; F1. & Fr.:
Common in moist places during winter ; F1. 8: Feb.-March, Hanumangarh forest, 23.3.66, Bajwa
Fr. : Jan.-March, College Farm, 15.I .67, Dhillon 166. 175.
*S. oleraceus Linn. *Gadrocotyle hiiida Bunge
Along farm water courses in .winter; F1. & Fr.: Weed in crops and in moist waste places ; F1, &
Jan.-March, Lyallpur Farm, I 1.2.66, Ba@a 167. Fr. : Feb.-March, College Farm, I 3.3.66, Bajwa I 76.
Sphaeranthw mdicus Linn. Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb
Moist places in winter; Fl. & Fr.: an.-March, Grows in waste places ; Fl. & Fr.: March-April,
Govt. College Canlpus, 26.367, Bajwa 168, College Campus, I 3.3.66, Dhillon I 77.
Trichollepis radicans ,DC. H. BtrigosRmr Willd.
Common on open grounds in .spring ; F1. & Fr.: In waste places ; F1. & Fr. : ~eb.-Aprll,Govt.
'

Jan.-March, College Campus, I 4.4.66, Bajwa I 69. College Ccimpus, 26.3.67, Bajwa I 78.
 246 EULI.EI+IN OF THE ROTANICAI, SURVEY OF INDIA [VO~.I I

Helistropilmn rubulatum Hochst. ex DC. Withmia wmnifera (Linn.) Dunal

In waste places ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.-April also in In waste places and in field hedges ; F1. & Fr.:
rainy season, College Campus, 13.8.67, Dhillon 28. Feb.-April, College Campus, 10.r I .68, Dhillon 222.
*Nomm p d a (Linn.) Lamk. SCROPHULARIACEAE
Weed in irrigated fields in winter ; F1. & Fr.: "Antichais megalensis (Walp.) Bhandari
Jan.-March, College Farm, 13.3.66. Dhillon 179. In moist waste places and weed in orchard ; E'l. &
CONVOLVULACEAE Fr. : Aug.-Oct., Suratgarh Farm, 10.1I .68, Dhillol,
*Convolvulw arvensis Linn. 215.
Weed in fields during winter, also grows in waste *Antirrhinum orontiurn 1,inn.
places ; F1. S: Fr. : Jan.-March, College Campus, Common winter weed in irrigated crops and lawns
I 3.3.66, Dhillon I 80. and gardens ; FI. & Fr. : Jan.-March, College Lawns,
C . microphyllous Sieb. ex Spreng. 23.3.68, Dhillon 78.
Grows in waste places in winter : F1. & Fr.: Jan.- Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell
March, College Campus, I 3.3.66, Dhillon r 8 ,. Grows in marshy places along canal banks ; FI. k
C m d a reflex8 Roxb. Fr. : Aug.-at., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 42.
Parasitic, conlmonly on Zizyplzus ; F1. & Fr. : "Strig angwtifolia (D. Don.) Saldanha
March-April, Jandwali, 2 r .2.66, Dhzllon I 82. Weed and parasitic on the wets of Bajra and
*Ipamoetc r r q d c a Forsk. Jowar ; F1. & I&. : Aug.-Sept., Rawatsar Road, 15.9.68,
Weed in rice fields and in stagnant water ; F1. & Bajwa 192.
Fr.: Septa-Oct., Ghaggar bed, 28.9.67, Dhillon 183. *Verbascum cbinense (Linn.) Santapau
1. fistdasa Mart. ex Choisy Weed in fields, common along water courses :
Wild along moist banks ; F1. 6; Fr.: Sept.-Oct., F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, Lyallpur Farm, r I .2.66,
Ghaggar embankment at Hanumangarh, 28.9.67, Bajwa 193.
Bajwa 184. "Veronica agestis Linn.
I. ptigridjis Linn. Weed in winter in irrigated crops ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-
In sandy soils among grasses ; F1. & Fr.: Septa- March, College Farm, 13.3.66, Dhillon 194.
Oct., Hanumangarh forest, 23.3.66, Dhillon 185. V. sna~lliscaqueticaLinn.
*I. d d i c a Stapf Uncoinmon, grows along water courses ; F1. 81
Rainy season weed in crops ; Fl. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept., Fr. : Feb.-March. District Courts water course,
College Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 186. 5.3.67, Dhillon 195.
SOLANACEAE OROBANCHACEAE
Datum innoxia Mill. CiBtanche tubulom Wight
In waste places along roads and canals ; F1. & In sandy places, common along roads and railway
Fr. : Spring and rainy season, Z canal, 16.3.67, lines, parasitic on the roots of Calotropas ; F1 & Fr :
Dhillon 187. Feb.-March, Hanumangarh Road, 23.3.66, Dhillon
Lycium barbamm Li11n. 243.
Uncommon ; F1. & Fr. : Scpt.-Oct., Jandwali BIGNONIACEAE
cemetry, 2 I .2.66, Baj7va 188. Tecomella unhlata (Sm.) Seem.
N i i a n a plumbaginif olia Viv. Grows in arid areas, rare ; F1. & Fr.: Feb,-March,
Moist waste places and along water courses in win- Hanumangarh Road, 23.3.66, DhilZon I 96.
ter ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, Lyallpur Farm, I 1.2.66, ACANTHACEAE
Dhillon 18g. Blepharh linaraefoia Pers.
"Solanurn nignmt Linn. In arid areas among grasses ; E'1. & Fr. : Aug.-
Very common winter weed and also in rainy sea- Sept., Hanumangarh forest area, 28.9.67, Dhillon
son ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, College Campus, 13.3.66, 19.7.
Dhillon 190. *Jwticia quinqueangularis Koen. ex Roxb.
S. surattense Burm. f. Grows in moist places under the orchard trees ;
Common in waste places during winter ; F1. & Fr. : F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67,
Feb.-April, College Campus, I 3.3.66, Dhillon 19I. Dhillon 51.
196~1 DHILLON AND BAJWA: A CONTRIBUnON TO THE BOTANY OF GANGANAGAR Dk3TRICI' 241
Peristrophe bicalycdata (Retz.) Nees *Amaranthus blihun Linn. var. oleracea Hook, f.
Along canals and roads ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept., Rainy season weed and in waste places ; F1. & Fr.:
Z minor canal, 19.8.67, Bajwa 198. Aug.-Sept., Lyallpur Farm, 13.8.67, Bajwa 356.
VERBENACEAE
*A. pdygonoides Linn.
Lantana camam Linn. Weed in irrigated fields ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept.,
It is an escaped plant, grows in farm hedges ; F1. College Farm, I 3.8.67, Dhillon 15.
*A. gracilis Desf.
9 Fr. : Aug.-Sept., College boundary hedge, 13.8.67.
i
Bajwa 199. Weed and abundant in waste places ; F1. & Fr.:
Phyla nodiflorn (Linn.) Greene Aug-Sept., College Farm, 19.8.67, Bajwa 307.
In moist waste places and along the banks of *Digera muricata (Linn.) Mart.
canals ; F1. & Fr.: Feb.-March, Sadhuwali, I 1.2.66, Weed in irrigated fields ; F1. Bi Fr. : JulySept.,
Dhillon 200. College Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 308.
*Verbena bonarriensis Lbri. CHENOPODIACEAE
Grows weed in gardens ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, *ChOpc~Kumalbum Linn.
weed in waterworks lawns, I 1.2.66, Dhillon 301. Very cominon winter weed and in waste places ;
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE) F1. & Fr. : Dec.-March, College Farm, 23.3.68,
*Le- urticifolia (Vahl) J. Donn. Dhillon 91.
Moist shady places, under orchard trees ; F1. 8r "C. ambrosioides Linn.
Fr. : Aug.-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard. 27.9.67, Dhilior~ Winter weed in fields and orchards, grows also ill
302. rainy season ; F1. & Fr. : Dec.-March, Sohanlal
Wvhr plebeia R. Br. Orchard, 23.3.66, Dhillon 309.
Along the banks of canals ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-March, *C. m d e Linn.
Z canal, 16.3.67, Bajura 303. Common winter weed, grows along C, album in
moist waste places in farms ; F1. & Fr.: Dec.-
PLANTAGINACEAE
March, College Farm, 23.3.68, Dl7.illon 86.
* P b g o amplexicadis Cav. Hd~xylond d c u m (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.
Weed in irrigated fields ; F1. & Fr. : Jan.-Feb., In saline areas ; Fl. & Fr.: Augi-Oct., Jaitsar,
rare weed in College Farm, 13.3.66, Dhillon 304. 5.4.67, Dhillon 31o.
NYCTAGINACEAE Kochia mdica Wight
w a v i a dEffusa Linn, Waste places in rainy season ; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-
In waste uncultivated places ; F1. & Fr. : Spring Oct., waterworks area, 17.8.66, Dhillon 31 I .
and in rainy season, College Campus, 10.4.67, Salspls baryoma (Roem. et Schult.) Dandy
Dhlllon 96. Found in saline as well as in loamy soils ; of all
1). ~ h e m i r 3(Burm. f.) Druce the halophytes, it is most commonly distributed :
In uncultivated waste places, grows mixed with Fl. & Fr.: Sept.-Nov., Suratgarh Farm, Hanuman-
B. diflusa; Fl. & Fr.: Rainy season and in spring, garh forest, 10.I I -68, Dhillon 218.
College Campus, 13.8.67, DhiUon 22. Sllaeh M c o m (Linn.) Forsk. ex Gmel.
In saline areas ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.Sept., Jaitsar,
AMARANTHACEAE 5.4.67, Dhillon 312.
*A~bWWbt!aaspera Linn. POLYGONACEAE
In waste places and in fields hedges ; F1. & Fr.:
Aug.-Sept., College Farm, I 3. I 2.68, Dhillon 232. Cdliogonum polygonoidesr Linn.
Aerva pedce (Burm. f.) Merrill Found on stabilised dunes in arid areas; F1. &
Uncultivated waste places ; F1. & Fr. : JulySept.9 Fr. : Jan.-March, Rawatsar Road, 15.9.68, Bajwa 313.
waterworks area, I 3.3.66, Bajwa 305. Palyspnunm barbatum Linn.
A. ~ o ~ t o Blatt. s a& Hallb. Marshy places along canals and water courses :
Abundant in arid areas ; F1. & Fr.: july-Sept., F1. & Fr.: Aug.-Sept., also Feb.-March, 21 canal,
College Campus, I 3.3.66, Bajzva 306. 13.8.67, Dhillon 17.
Ahmanthem sessilis (Linn.) DC. P. lanigmm R. Br.
Along canal banks and moist places ; FI. & Fr.: Grows in water, along canal hanks ; Fl. & Fr.:
Aug.-Sept., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 43. Aug.Sept., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 35.
4
242 BULLETIN OF THE BOT'ANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA [VO~.1 1

*Polygonurn plebejum R. Br. MONOCOTYLEDONS

In moist waste places, also weed in farms, F1. & HYDROCHARITACEAE
Fr. : Jan.-March, Ghaggar bed Hanumangarh, Hydrilla verticillata (Linn. f.) Presl.
12.2.66, Bajwa 314. Grows on the bed of smaller water courses, also
*Rumex dentatus Linn. in puddles along Gang Canal ; F1. & Fr. : Sept.-Oct.,
Grows in winter as weed in moist fields and water course near Irrigation Rest House, 8. I 1.68,
along water courses ; F1. & Fr. : Frb.-April, Z canal, Dhzllon 203.
16.3.67, Bajwa 315. Vdlisneria spiralis Linn.
EUPHORBIACEAE On the bed of small canal distributories ; F1. &
Chrozophom rctttleii (Geis.) A. Juss. Fr. : Aug.-Sept., A minor canal, 8.I I .68, Dhillon
In sandy plains ; F1. & Fr. : Feb.-April, Hanu- 204.
inangarh Road, 23.3.66, Ba+a 316. LILIACEAE
*Euphorbia clarkeana Hook. f. *Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.
In waste places and weed in rainy season ; F1. Sr Very common winter weed in rabi crops and ill
Fr. : July-Sept., Chak Narain Singh, 27.8.67, Dhillon waste places ; F1. & Fr.: Jan.-March, College Farm,
63. 13.3.66, DhiZlon 320.
*E. M a Linn. PONTEDERIACEAE
Very common weed in farms and lawns, grows Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
throughout the year ; F1. & Fr. : All the year round, Comes floating in Gang canal and Rajasthan canal
College Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 12. in rainy season and also rooted along the banks of
*E. dracmculoides Lamk. canals ; El. & F'r. : Sept.-Oct., Sadhuwali, 19.8.67,
Very common winter weed in farms ; F1. & Fr.: Dhillon 47.
Dec.-March, College Farm, 13.3.66, Dhillorz 3x7. COMMELINACEAE
*E, prostrata Ait. *Commelins benghalensis Linn.
Common weed in farms and in waste places in Grows in moist shady places in orchards under
rainy season ; College Farm, 13.S.67, Dhillon 25. trees; F1. & Fr. : Aug.-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard,
E. pdclmrima Willd. 20.8.67, Dhillon 50.
Weed along hedges of farms ; F1. & Fr.: Aug.- ARECACEAE
Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67, Bajwa 318. P h d x dactylifera Linn.
E. thymifolia Linn. In some areas, introduced ; F1. 8; Er.: Feb.-April,
During rainy season in waste places ; F1. & Fr. : Dhillon 353.
July-Sept., College Campus, 10.I I .68, Dhillon 2 I 3. TYPHACEAE
*Phyllanthus niruli auct. (Non. Linn.) Typha angusteta Bory & Chau b.
Rainy weed in farms ; F1. Sr Fr. : July-Sept., In marshy places and along banks of Gang Canal ;
Lyallpur Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 14. F1. & Fr. : Sept.-Oct., Sadhuwali, I o. I I -67, Dhillon
220.
*P. maderaspatensis Linn.
Weed in irrigated fields ; El. 8i Fr. : Aug.-Sept., LEMNACEAE
waterworks area, 12.10.67, Dhillon 73. Lemna perpusilla Torr.
Floating on the surface of stagnant water,
MORACEAE
Ghaggar bed ; F1. & Fr. : Not observed, Feb.-March,
Ficus b e q h a l e ~ ~Linn.
is Hanumangarh, 12-2-66,Dhillon 32 I .
Along village ponds, cultivated ; Fl. & Fr. : April- Wolffia microscopica Kurz
May, Sadhuwali, 13.4.67, Bajwa 35 I. Floating on the surface of stagnant water, in the
F. religioe#c Linn. abandoned water tanks of Ganganagar town ; Fl. &
Introduced along the periphery of villages ; F1. & Fr.: Not observed, Ganganagar, 3.9.67, Dhillon 354.
Fr. : Feb.-May, Lallgarh village, 4.6.66, Dhillon 352. POTAMOGETONACEAE
CANNABIDACEAE Potmogeton crispus Linn.
"Cannabis sativa Linn. Floating in tanks or rooted in shallow water
Weed in wheat and other winter crops ; F1. & Fr. : courses at the bed ; Fl.& Fr. : 0ct.-Dec., Ganga-
Feb.-April, Sohanlal Orchard, 23.3.68, Bajwa 319. nagar railway tank, 8.1 1.68, DhiUon 202.
19691 DHILLON AND BAJWA: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE BOTANY O F CANGANACAR DISTRICT 243

Potamogeton pectinam Linn. C. ciliaris Linn.

Grows rooted on the bed of shallow canal distri- Perennial grass, comes up in rainy season; F1. e(
butories ; El. & Fr.: 0ct.-Dec., A minor canal, Fr. : July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest area, 15.9.67,
8. I I .68, Dhillon 201. Dhillon 236.
CYPERACEAE
C. prieurii (Kunth) Maire
An uncommon rainy season grass ; F1. 8: Fr. :
Cyperw arenarius Retz.
July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest area, 15.9.68, Bajwa
In arid areas on hard soil ; F1. & Fr.: Aug-Sept.,
Hanumaqarh forest area, 15.9.68, Dhillon 322. 330.
*C. 8etigenm Vahl
C. bulbosus Vahl
Grows as weed in farms ; F1. & Fr.: July-Sept.,
Sandy arid areas mixed with grasses ; El. & Fr.:
Chak Narain Singh, 27.8.67, Dhillon 37.
hg.-Sept., Hanumangarh forest area, I 3.8.67.
Cymbopogon jwarancusor (Jones) Schult.
Dhillon 18.
Common bunch grass, grows in arid areas along
*C. elerrsinoides Kunth.
roads and railway lines ; El. & Fr.: In rainy
Grows in moist places and weed in rice fields ; F1.
season and spring, Hanumangarh forest area,
& Fr. : Aug.-Oct., Suratgarh Farm, 10.1I .68, Dhillon 23.3.66, Bajwa 331.
211.
Dactylocteniuin ainnlCcm Boiss.
*C. rotundus Linn.
Grows in arid areas ; F1, & Fr.: July-Sept., Hanu-
Weed in farms and moist waste places ; F1. & Fr. : mangarh forest area, 15.9.68, Dhillon 332.
July-Sept., College Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 323. DesnMlatachya bipinnata (Linn.) Stapf
C. triceps (Rottb.) Endl. Perennial grass, grows in edges of farms ; F1. 8r
In water along canal banks ; F1. & Fr. : ~ulysept., Fr. : Jan.-April, Lyallpur Farm main water course,
Sadhuwali, 13.8.67, Dhillon 357. I 1.2.66, Dhillon 2.
Eleocharis atropuspum (Retz.) Kunth
*Dicanthium annlvlatum (Forsk.) Stapf
In moist places along water courses ; F1. & Fr.: Common along the water courses in farms ; l?l.
Aug.-Oct., Hanumangarh, r 5.9.68, Bajwa 324. & Fr. : Both in rainy season and spring season,
F m b m l i s dichotoma (Linn.) Vahl
College Farm, 10.1I .68, Bajwa 355.
Along banks of canals ; n. & Fr. : JU~Y-Sept., *Digitaria adsendens (H.B.K.) Henr.
Sadhuwali, 19.8.67, Dhillon 36. Weed in farms during rainy season ; Fl. & Fr. :
F. littoralis Gaud. July-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67, Dhillon 55.
Moist places along water courses ; El. & Fr.: July- Echinochloa colonnm (Linn.) Link
Sept., Hanumangarh, 15.9.68, Dhillon 325. On the banks of canals, aquatic ; F1. & Fr. : July-
POACEAE (GRAMINEAE) Sept.,'Z minor canal, 13.8.67, Dhillon 16.
*AUoteropsis cimicina (Linn,) Stapf *Eleusine aegyptia (Linn.) Desf.
Grows as rainy season weed in orchards ; Fl. Weed in farms during rainy season ; Fl. & Fr.:
Fr. : July-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67, Dhillon July-Sept., Lyallpur Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 3.
326. *E. comprem (Forsk.) Aschers. et Schweinf.
Aristida adescenlonis Linn. Along the edges of crop fields ; F1. & Fr.: July-
In arid areas during spring and rainy season ; F1. Sept.. Sohanlal Orchard. 20.8.67, Dhillon 333.
8i Fr.: Feb.-April, Jaitsar, 5.4.67, Baj~va327. *Eragmstia ciliaris (Linn.) R. Br.
*A. mutabiiis Trin. & Rupr. Rainy season weed in farms ; F1. & Fr. : July-
Common rainy season weed ; F1. & Er. : July- Oct., College Farm, 14.8.66, Dhillon 334.
Sep., Jandwali, 28.9.67, Dhillon 100. E. larhena (Schult.) Steud.
Brachiaria reptans (Linn.) Gard. B: C. E. Hubb. In waste places in farms ; F1. gi Fr.: July-Nov.,
Grows in rainy season, under' the bushes; F1. &I Suratgarh Farm, I o. I I 58, Dhillorr 2 I 6.
Fr. : July-Sept., Govt. College Campus, 19.8.67, *E. pilam (Ljnn.) P. Beauv.
Dhillon 69. Weed in rainy season ; F1. & Fr.: July-Sept.,
*Cenchnrs billarus Roxb. Sohanlal Qrchard. 10.8.67, Dhillon 52 I .
Very troublesome rainy season weed and in waste **E. poaeoides P. Beauv.
places ; F'I. & Fr.: July-Sept., Coilege Farm, 13.8.67, Very common weed in rainy season ; F1. & Fr.:
DIzillon 32, ~ulv-Oct., College Farm, 13.9.66, Bajwa 335.
w t
=44 BULLETIN OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF INDIA [VO~.11
H d l t r i a conmpressa (Linn. f.) R. Br. 8. spontsneum Linn.
Common along the banks of canals, aquatic ; On the canal banks near water ; F1. & Fr. : A11g.d
F1. & Fr. : July-Sept., Z minor canal, 17.8.67, Sept., Sadhuwali, 13.9.66, Bajzoa 348.
Dhillon 60. Setaria glauca (Linn.) P. Beauv.
*Hetempogon contortus (Linn.) P. Beauv. Along banks of canals in water; F1. & Fr.: July-
Weed in farms during rainy season ; El. & Fr.: Oct., Z minor canal, 13.8.67, Dhillon I 1.
July-Sept., Sohanlal Orchard, 20.8.67, Bajwa 336. S. tomentosa (Roxb.) Kunth
*Imperata cylindriea &inn.) P. Beauv. In moist waste places ; Fl. & Fr. : July-Sept.,
Perennial along water courses in sandy soils ; Lyallpur Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 349.
F1. Rr Fr. : Jan.-April, Lyallpur Farm, I 1.2.66, Tragus biflorus Schult.
Ba+Ja 337. On uncuItivated areas in rainy season ; FI. rPL
L d m a hindus (Forsk) Boiss; Fr. : July-Sept., Govt. College Campus, I 0.8.67,
Perennial bunch grass in sandy arid areas ; F1. Dhillon 68.
& Fr.: July-Sept., Hanumangarh forest area,
23.3.66, Bajwa 338.
*Lolimn temulentum Linn. ... PTERIDOPHYTES
Winter weed in farms ; F1. & Fr, : Jan.-March, AQantum sp.
College Farm, 13.3.66, Dhillon 339. Grows on the walls of canal bridges, just above
*Lophochloa pumila (Desf.) Bor water ; Tripuli bridge, 15.2.67, Bajwa 358.
Rainy season weed ; F1. & Fr.: July-Sept., Col- Azolla pianata R. Br.
lege Farm, 19.8.67, Dhillon 340. In small puddles along canal banks; A minor
*Oryza sntiva Linn. c.ana1, 15.2.67, Dhillon 359.
Weed in rabi crops ; F1. & ,Fr. : Feb,-March, Mamilea mhuta Linn.
College Farln, I 3.3.66, Llhillon 341. Along canal banks and in small puddles on the
Panic- antidbcale Retz. Gang Canal banks; Gang Canal Railway bridge,
TalI perennial grass, generally in Zizyphus and 19.10.68, Bajwa 360.
Capparis bushes ; El. & Fr. : July-Oct., Hanuman- Equisetm ramoddmum Desf.
garh forest area, 15.9.68, Dhillon 342.
Along the banks of Gang Canal and its distri-
P. miliaceum Linn. butories, produces cones in Sept.-Oct., Sadhuwali,
Along water courses in rainy season ; F1. & Fr.: 12.10.67, Dhillon 361.
Feb.-April, Jaitsar, 5.4.67, Dhillon 343.
paspal& di&chum Linn.
Along canal banks in water; F1. & Fr.: July- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Sept., Z minor canal, 13.8.67, Bakda 344.
Phalaris minor Retz. Our thanks are due to Dr. B. V. Ratnam,
Along moist banks of water courses ; F1. & Fr.: Government College, Ajmer, for guidance, and
Jan.-March, College Farm, 13-3.66, Bajwa 345. Shri Sewa Singh, Principal, Khalsa College, Ganga-
Phagmites karka (Retz.) Trin. nagar for providing the necessary facilities. We
Along canal banks ; F1. & Fr.: TulySept., Z are indebted to Dr. M. M. Bhandari, University of
minor and H minor canaI, 13.8.67, Dhillon 346. Jodhpur, for his valuable advice and help in the
*Poa annua Linn. preparation of this paper. We also express our sin-
Weed in rainy season ; Fl. & Fr. : Jan.-April, cerest thanks to Prof. B. Tiagi, University of
College Farm, 13.8.67, Dhillon 231. Rajasthan, Jaipur, and Dr. M. Anantaswamy Rau,
Saccharurn benghalenme Retz. Regional Botanist, Botanical Survey of India,
Very common along canal ; F1. & Fr.: Sept.-Oct., Northern Circle, Dehra Dun for identifying some
Gang Canal, lo. I r .68, Dhillotz 227. of the species.