In Albert Camus' novel 'The Outsider,' the character Meursault serves as a profound representation of
both nihilism and existentialism, challenging traditional views on morality and the existence of God. His
actions and thoughts throughout the narrative reflect a deep-seated belief that life is inherently
meaningless, a perspective that aligns closely with nihilistic philosophy. At the same time, Meursault's
experiences illustrate key existentialist themes, particularly the idea that individuals must forge their
own meaning in a universe that offers none (Shobeiri, 2013).
Nihilism, derived from the Latin word 'nihili,' meaning 'nothing,' posits that life lacks intrinsic value and
that moral principles are unfounded. Meursault embodies this philosophy through his indifferent
attitude toward life and death. He does not conform to societal expectations regarding grief or
emotional expression, as seen in his reaction to his mother's death. Rather than mourning, he focuses
on the physical sensations of the day, such as the heat of the sun and the mundane details of his
surroundings. This detachment signifies a rejection of the conventional moral framework that dictates
how one should respond to loss, highlighting his belief that such societal norms are arbitrary (Shobeiri,
2013).
Moreover, Meursault's nihilism is further illustrated in his interactions with others. He exhibits a
profound lack of concern for the feelings and expectations of those around him, which culminates in his
relationship with Marie. When Marie asks him to marry her, he responds with indifference, stating that
it does not matter to him. This response underscores his belief that personal connections and societal
conventions hold no real significance. Meursault's actions reflect a worldview where traditional moral
values are rendered meaningless, reinforcing the nihilistic notion that life is devoid of purpose (Shobeiri,
2013).
In contrast to his nihilistic tendencies, Meursault's character also embodies existentialist themes,
particularly the idea that individuals must create their own meaning in an indifferent universe.
Existentialism emphasizes personal responsibility and the freedom to choose one's path, even in the
absence of divine guidance. Meursault's journey throughout the novel illustrates this existential struggle
as he confronts the absurdity of existence. His trial, which centers more on his character and emotional
detachment than the actual crime he committed, serves as a critique of societal norms and the search
for meaning in a world that often seems chaotic and unjust (Shobeiri, 2013).
The existentialist perspective is further highlighted in Meursault's reflections on life and death. He
acknowledges the inevitability of death and the absurdity of trying to find meaning in a transient
existence. In his confrontation with the chaplain in prison, Meursault vehemently rejects the notion of
God and the idea that life has a predetermined purpose. He asserts, "I didn’t believe in God,"
emphasizing his belief that any search for divine meaning is futile. This rejection of God aligns with
existentialist thought, which posits that individuals must confront the absurdity of life and create their
own values in the face of an indifferent universe (Shobeiri, 2013).
Meursault's character ultimately serves as a critique of both nihilism and existentialism. While he
embodies the nihilistic belief that life is meaningless, his journey also illustrates the existentialist idea
that individuals must confront this reality and create their own meaning. His refusal to conform to
societal expectations and his indifference to moral conventions position him as an outsider, challenging
the reader to consider the implications of living in a world devoid of inherent meaning (Shobeiri, 2013).
In conclusion, Meursault in 'The Outsider' represents a complex interplay between nihilism and
existentialism. His character reflects a profound belief in the meaninglessness of life, as evidenced by his
emotional detachment and rejection of societal norms. At the same time, his journey illustrates the
existentialist notion that individuals must forge their own meaning in an indifferent universe. Through
Meursault's experiences, Camus invites readers to grapple with the absurdity of existence and the
responsibility that comes with creating one's own values in a world that offers none (Shobeiri, 2013).
Citation: Shobeiri, A. (2013). Meursault, an Absurd Happy Man. , 7(2), 838-845. Retrieved from
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