Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office of Pangasinan II
Natividad National High School
Natividad, Pangasinan

Detailed Lesson Plan in English 10

Elements of a Plot

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

a) define the 5 elements of a plot;

b) appreciate the importance of a plot structure in story; and
c) demonstrate understanding of plot elements through differentiated task.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Elements of a Plot
References: English 10 Quarter 1 module 6 lesson 1
https://www.cegastacademy.com/2021/11/22/the-5-elements-of-plot-in-literature/
Materials: Multimedia presentation, charts, posters and other printed materials.
Values Integration: Teamwork, Collaboration and Active Listening

III. Lesson Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Daily Routine

a. Greetings

Good morning class! How is your day so far? Good morning teacher! We are fine.
That’s good to hear! So, can I expect a full blast
energy and active participation from you? Yes sir.

b. Prayer

And now, before we begin the lesson this

morning, let us ask the guidance of almighty God
and let us enlighten our mind to completely
understand the lesson. Would you please lead the
prayer Cass?

Lord, we thank you for this day that you have

given to us guide us always Lord. And also
give us the knowledge to make our lesson
understandable and clear, we ask this in Jesus’
name amen.
c. Classroom Management

Now, let’s talk about our classroom management.

These rules will help us create a positive and
respectful learning environment where everyone
feels comfortable and can succeed. To make it
easier to remember, and I have only 3 classroom
rules.

CLASSROOM RULES
Stop – stop what you are doing unnecessary that is
not related to our discussion.
Look – look in front while the teacher is teaching.
Listen – listen attentively to understand the lesson. (Students are listening attentively)

By adhering to these rules, we can create a

conducive and respectful learning environment for
everyone.

d. Checking of Attendance

Before we begin, let’s quickly check the

attendance. Ms. Secretary who is absent from our
class today?
No one is absent today sir.
Great job class that everyone is here today.

B. Review
At this time we will have a recap on what you’ve
tackled last discussion?

Anyone in the class can give what is our topic last

meeting?

Yes Red,

Sir our last discussion is all about the fiction

and non-fiction.
Good job Red. Our topic last time is all about
fiction and non-fiction.

Anyone in the class can give their own

understanding about fiction?

Yes Cass. Can you share to us your understanding

about our topic last meeting?
Sir Fiction is a form of storytelling that creates
imaginary events and characters

Very good Cass.

How about the non-fiction?

Yes Althea, what is non-fiction?
Sir Non-fiction is factual writing based on real
events, people, and information.
Well done Althea.

Just like in real life we keep on dreaming and

making imaginations about our future it is like a
fiction story while dreaming we do action to make
our own goal to happen and that is non-fiction, it’s
like facing the reality of life.

C. Motivation
Before we start, we’re going to play a game called
“Fix Me, Know Me”. Do you want to play this
game?
Yes sir
Here are the mechanics of the game:
I will group you into 6 groups and only you need
to do is fix the given puzzle to form a word and
read the given definition at the back of the puzzle.

These will be the group one, and these will be the

group two, three, four, five and group 6. Are we
clear class? Yes sir.

Now I will give you the puzzle and when I said

go, you may now start. Are you ready class? Yes sir.

Answers:
Plot
Exposition
Raising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution

And the group 3 finished 1st. Anyone represent in

the group and read the word and definition.

Go ahead Kylene.
Sir our word is Exposition and the definition is
the part of a story or text that provides
background information about characters,
setting, and context to help the audience
understand the narrative.
Great job Kylene and congratulation to group 3.
Let’s give them a round of applause.
( the students clapped their hands)

(the other groups follow after the group 3 until the

last group)

Did you enjoy our little game for today class?

Yes sir.
Nice to hear that class!

D. Learning Procedure
Now, let’s proceed to our topic for today. Our
topic is all about “Elements of a Plot”

As you observe during our game you fixed a

broken puzzle to create a word and read the
definition we already define the elements of a
plot.

Now we will unravel deeper our topic for today.

First lets define what is plot?

Will you read the slide Jewel?
A plot is the sequence of events that make up a
story. It includes the main actions, conflicts,
and resolutions that drive the narrative forward.
Very Good Jewel.

The plot in literature works on the basis of cause

and effect as the story moves through time.

As we can see plot is the sequence of events, this

time we will discuss the 5 elements of a plot.

ELEMENTS OF A PLOT
1.Exposition
Will you read the slide Mark?
This element of plot is at the introduction stage
of a story. The exposition is the start of the
novel, drama, or film and it comprises the
following.
Good job Mark.

As we observe exposition is the beginning of the

story. Where the setting, characters and
background information was introduced to the
reader.

Next element is Rising Action who will read the

definition?

Yes Jan Dave. The rising action in the plot of a narrative

usually involves an extensive description of the
incidents that create a build-up to the climax.

Very good Jan Dave

At the rising action stage of the plot of a story, the

reader is introduced to the conflict. Therefore,
prepares the reader for the most intense part of the
plot (climax).

Class I know every one of us read a story or

watched a movie. Our next to discuss is the most
awaited and intense part of the story which is?

Class will you guess? ( the students answer in chorus)

It’s the climax sir.
Amazing class! All of you know this part
Who wants to read what is climax?
Yes Antonette. Climax is the most intense, exciting, or
important moment in a story. It is the turning
point where the main conflict reaches its peak,
leading to a resolution. This moment often
determines the outcome of the story.
Thank you Antonette.

At this time, It isthe peak of emotions, where the

conflict gets so intense that things come to a head
for the protagonist. The climax may also represent
an epiphany for the main character. At this stage,
the story might turn in a different direction as it
moves on to the conclusion.

And the fourth element is Falling Action.

Falling Action
It is the part of the plot prepares the reader for the
conclusion. By this stage in the story, the intensity
of emotions that both the characters and the reader
have been experiencing will now begin to subside.

The falling action contains the immediate

aftermath and reactions to the events in the
climax. This is where the writer tells the reader
about all the actions and reactions that happen as a
result of the events in the climax and just before
the resolution.

And the last element of a plot is resolution.

Any volunteer to read the definition of resolution?
Yes Charloi.
The resolution is also known as denouement. It
is all about the actions and events that finally
bring the story to an end.

Well done Charloi.

It is the conclusion stage of the plot. All loose

ends are tied and the sticky issues that create the
conflicts are resolved. It is important to note,
however, that the writer may choose an ending in
which there is no clear resolution of the issues.
This is what is known as a cliff hanger ending.

(the teacher continues to discuss the lesson) (students are listening attentively and
participating throughout the discussion)
Do you have any questions or clarifications
regarding in our topic class?
None Sir.

E. Generalization
At this moment any volunteer who can share their
takeaways in our discussion.

Yes Keziah, will you share to us you takeaways in

our lesson.
Understanding the elements of a plot helps us
appreciate how stories are structured. The
climax is the turning point, creating the most
tension, while the resolution provides closure.
A well-developed plot keeps the audience
engaged and makes the story meaningful.
Very well said Keziah, it shows that not only you
listen in our lesson.

Class anyone in the class can recite the 5 elements

of the plot according to the begging of the story (the students raised their hands)
until the end?

Yes Johan.
Sir the story start at the exposition, next is the
raising action to follow is the most awaited part
which is the climax, the fourth is the falling
action and the end of the story is resolution.
Good job Johan.

A job well done class for actively listing in our

discussion. Will you give a round of applause to ( the student clapped their hands)
yourself.

F. Application

Differentiated Activities for

To cater to different learning styles and abilities,

students will choose from the following activities
based on their strengths and preferences.

1. Visual Learners (Illustrators & Organizers)

Activity: Plot Pyramid Drawing

Students will select a short story or movie they

like and illustrate its plot structure using Freytag’s
Pyramid.

They must label each part (Exposition, Rising

Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Resolution)
with a short description.

2. Kinesthetic Learners (Performers & Creators)

Activity: Act It Out

In small groups, students will create a short skit

demonstrating a simple story that includes all five
plot elements.

3. Auditory Learners (Storytellers & Speakers)

Activity: Podcast Storytelling

Students will record themselves narrating a short

original story that includes all five plot elements.

They can add sound effects and background music

to enhance storytelling.

Assessment Criteria (Rubric-based):

Creativity & Effort -5 points

Accuracy of Plot Elements -5 points
Presentation & Clarity -5 points
Engagement & Participation -5 points
Total: -20 points

IV. Evaluation
Multiple choice: Encircle the correct letter.

1.It works on the basis of cause and effect as the story moves through time.
a.Plot c.Exposition
b.Rising Action d.Climax
2.It is the introduction of the story.
a.Climax c.Exposition
b.Rising action d.Falling Action
3.It involves an extensive description of the incidents that create a build-up to the climax.
a.Climax c.Exposition
b.Rising Action d.Resolution
4.It is the most important stage of a plot or story.
a.Resolution c.Plot
b.Falling Action d.Climax
4.It is the conclusion stage of the plot.
a.Resolution c.Plot
b.Falling Action d.Climax
5.There are how many elements of a plot?
a.5 c.6
b.7 d.8

Identification: Identify the 5 elements of a plot in the story.

The Lost Pendant

Lena clutched the small silver pendant around her neck as she walked home from school. It had
been a gift from her grandmother, passed down through generations. The pendant wasn’t just
jewelry—it was said to bring luck and protection to those who wore it. Lena never took it off.

One afternoon, after finishing her chores, she ran to the riverbank to play with her friends. The
golden glow of the setting sun reflected off the rippling water as they laughed, splashing at the
edges. Lena forgot all her worries in that moment of joy. As the sky darkened, she reached for her
pendant out of habit, but her fingers met only bare skin. Panic shot through her chest. She
frantically patted her collarbone, searching for the familiar weight. “My pendant!” she gasped. Her
friends stopped playing, their laughter replaced with concern. “Maybe it fell while we were
running?” suggested Mira, pointing at the grassy banks.

Lena dropped to her knees, searching the ground with trembling hands. They combed through the
grass, the sand, and even waded into the shallow part of the river, but the pendant was nowhere to
be found. Tears welled in Lena’s eyes. “It’s gone,” she whispered. The villagers began heading
home as darkness settled in. Mira placed a comforting hand on Lena’s shoulder. “We’ll look again
tomorrow.” That night, Lena barely slept. The pendant was more than a trinket—it was a piece of
her family’s history. She couldn’t bear to face her grandmother without it.

At dawn, she hurried back to the river. The world was quiet, except for the gentle rustling of leaves
and the soft babbling of the water. As she stepped onto the riverbank, something caught her eye—a
faint glimmer beneath the water. Her heart leaped. Without hesitation, she waded into the river,
feeling the smooth stones beneath her feet. The current tugged at her legs, but she pressed forward,
stretching her arm toward the shining object. Just as her fingers brushed against it, the riverbed
shifted beneath her, and she slipped. Water rushed over her head.

For a moment, fear gripped her. But then, she kicked hard, breaking the surface with a gasp.
Coughing, she opened her hand—and there it was, the pendant safe in her grasp. Relief washed over
her as she stumbled back to shore. Soaked and shivering, Lena ran home, bursting through the
door. “Grandmother!” she called.

Her grandmother turned, surprise flashing across her face. Lena held up the pendant. “I found it,”
she said breathlessly. Instead of scolding her, her grandmother pulled her into a warm embrace.
“My dear, I’m glad you’re safe. The pendant is important, but what truly matters is you.” Lena
clutched the pendant tightly, realizing it was not just luck or protection that made it special—it was
the love and memories tied to it. From that day on, she kept it safe, not just as a treasure, but as a
reminder of the love that surrounded her.

V.Assingment

Read a short story and outline its plot using Freytag’s Pyramid. Write it in a long bond paper and to
be pass tomorrow.

Prepared by:

CARL VINCENT F. ESTILLORE

Practice Teaching Intern-Luna Colleges

Check by:

MR. RAUL GUERRERO

Cooperating Teacher