SPECIFICATION FOR GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 98
FOR COPPER ALLOY CASTINGS
SB-824
(Identical with ASTM Specification B 824-93a for the applicable specifications except for mandatory certification, the deletion of
supplementary requirements for government procurement, and some editorial changes.)
1. Scope E 75 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-
Nickel and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys
1.1 This specification covers a group of general
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
requirements common to several copper alloy casting
Alloys
specifications. Unless otherwise specified in an individ-
ual specification, these requirements shall apply to the
2.1.2 ASME Standards:
copper alloy castings supplied under each of the follow-
SB-61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings
ing product specifications issued by ASTM: B 61, B
SB-62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce
62, B 148, B 271, B 369, B 505, and B 584.
Metal Castings
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be SB-148 Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses Castings
are for information only. SB-271 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal
Castings
SB-369 Specification for Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings
SB-505 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Continuous
2. Referenced Documents Castings
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect SB-584 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings
on date of material purchase form a part of this for General Applications
specification to the extent referenced herein:
2.1.1 ASTM Standards:
B 208 Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specimens
for Copper-Base Alloys for Sand, Permanent Mold, 3. Terminology
Centrifugal, and Continuous Castings 3.1 Definitions:
E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
rials 3.1.1 casting — a general term for a metal object
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data produced at or near finished shape by pouring or
to Determine Conformance With Specifications otherwise introducing molten metal into a mold and
E 44 Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treating of allowing it to solidify.
Metals
E 53 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper 3.1.2 casting, centrifugal — a casting produced in
E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special a cylindrical mold rotating on its axis with the major
Brasses and Bronzes axis of the product coinciding with the axis of rotation.
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and The axis of rotation may be horizontal, vertical, or
Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods) any angle in between.
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SB-824 1998 SECTION II
3.1.3 casting, centrifuged — a casting produced 5. Chemical Composition
in a mold, a number of which may be mounted around
5.1 The material shall conform to the chemical
a central sprue. The molds are rotated in a vertical
requirements of the product specification.
position, about a central axis concentric with the central
sprue. 5.2 These specification limits do not preclude the
presence of other elements. Limits may be established
3.1.4 casting, continuous — a casting produced for unnamed elements by agreement between manufac-
by the continuous pouring and solidification of molten turer and the purchaser. Copper or zinc may be given
metal through a water-cooled mold that determines the as remainder except for Specification B 148 and B
cross-sectional shape. The length of the product is not 369, in which only copper may be given as remainder.
restricted by mold dimensions. The remainder shall be taken to be the difference
between the sum of results from elements analyzed
3.1.5 casting, die — a casting produced in a
and 100%.
reusable metal mold (die) characterized by a high degree
of fidelity to the mold cavity with the molten metal 5.3 It is recognized that residual elements may be
being introduced under high pressure. present in cast copper base alloys. Analysis for residual
elements shown in some material specifications is re-
3.1.6 casting, lost wax — a casting produced in quired only when specified in the purchase order. When
a sacrificial mold made of various layers and grades so specified, the analysis for residual elements shall
of retractory powders and washes having been invested conform to the requirements given in the material
about a wax pattern. The casting is characterized by specification.
a high degree of fidelity to the original pattern.
3.1.7 casting, plaster mold — a casting produced
in a sacrificial mold made of various grades of fine 6. Mechanical Properties
plaster-like material and having a high degree of fidelity 6.1 The results of tension testing shall conform to
to the original pattern. the requirements of that specification.
3.1.8 casting, permanent mold — a product pro-
duced in a reusable mold constructed of a durable
material, usually iron or steel, with the molten metal 7. Other Requirements
being introduced by gravity, low pressure, or vacuum. 7.1 When specified in the purchase order, castings
shall be hydrostatically tested. The details of the test
3.1.9 casting, sand — a casting produced in a
and acceptance criteria shall be agreed upon between
sacrificial sand mold. The sand may be bonded by
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
various mechanical or chemical means.
7.2 When specified in the purchase order, castings
3.1.10 casting, semicentrifugal — a casting pro- shall meet soundness standards furnished or referenced
duced in a manner similar to the centrifugal casting by the purchaser. In the absence of standards for
except that a central core is used to allow the formation soundness, the requirement shall be as agreed upon
of other than a cylindrical inside surface. The axis of between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
rotation is always vertical.
8. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible
Variations
4. Materials and Manufacture
8.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for the
4.1 Manufacture: dimensional accuracy of the castings as related to the
4.1.1 Mechanical properties of Copper Alloy UNS drawing when the pattern equipment is produced by
No. C95400 can be changed by heat treatment. Sug- the manufacturer.
gested heat treatments are given in the casting specifica-
tions containing these alloys. 8.2 When the pattern equipment is provided by the
purchaser, the manufacturer shall be responsible for
4.1.2 Definitions of terms relating to heat treating the dimensional accuracy of the casting as related to
are given in Definitions E 44. the provided pattern equipment.
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PART B — NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SB-824
8.3 Where thick and thin sections of the casting 11.1.2 One tension test shall be performed on
join, the manufacturer shall be permitted to add fillets each lot.
of adequate size, where not previously provided, subject
to approval of the purchaser. 11.1.2.1 Should the percent elongation of any
tensile test specimen be less than that specified and
any part of the fracture is outside the middle two-
thirds of the gage length or in a punched or scribed
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
mark within the reduced section, the specimen may be
9.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of discarded and replaced by another from the same lot.
adhering sand, cracks, and hot tears. Other surface
discontinuities shall meet visual acceptance standards 11.2 Retests:
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the pur-
chaser. 11.2.1 If the results of the tension test fail to
conform to the specified requirements, two retests shall
be performed. If either retest fails to meet the specified
requirements, the lot shall be rejected.
10. Sampling
10.1 Lot:
10.1.1 A lot shall consist of: (1) all of the metal 12. Specimen Preparation
poured from a single furnace or crucible melt, or (2)
all the metal poured from two or more furnaces into 12.1 The specimen for chemical analysis shall be
a single ladle, or (3) all of the metal poured form a taken from the lot in such a manner as to avoid
continuous melting furnace between charges, or (4) all contamination and be representative of the molten metal.
of the metal poured from an individual metling furnace
or group of melting furnaces having a uniform melting 12.2 Tension test specimens shall be prepared in
stock, operating during the course of one-half shift, accordance with Practice B 208.
not to exceed 5 h.
12.2.1 Should any specimen be machined improp-
10.1.2 The sample for chemical analysis shall be erly or should flaws be revealed by machining or duing
obtained during the pouring of the lot in such a manner testing, the specimen may be discarded and replaced
as to be representative of the lot. by another from the same lot.
10.1.3 Tension test bars used in meeting the re-
quirements of 6.1 may be either separately cast or
removed from the casting. When tension test bars are
13. Test Methods
separately cast, they shall be poured from the same lot
as the castings represented to the form and dimensions 13.1 Chemical Composition:
specified in the material specification and Practice B 208.
13.1.1 The chemical analysis methods used for
10.1.3.1 When the requirements of 6.1 have the routine determination of specification compliance
been complied with using separately cast test bars, and preparation of test reports shall be at the discretion
additional tests may be performed using test bars re- of the laboratory performing the analysis.
moved from the casting with test bar location and
mechanical properties agreed upon between the manu- 13.1.2 In case of disagreement on chemical compo-
facturer and the purchaser. sition, an applicable test method may be found in the
following ASTM standards: Test Methods E 53, E 54,
E 62, E 75, and E 478.
11. Number of Tests and Retests
13.1.2.1 The specific method to be used for
11.1 Tests: each element may be found in the material specification.
11.1.1 A chemical analysis of each element with 13.2 Mechanical Properties:
a specified limiting value shall be made on each lot.
Chemical analysis for residual elements is not required 13.2.1 Tension testing shall be performed in accord-
unless specified in the purchase order. ance with Test Methods E 8.
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SB-824 1998 SECTION II
14. Significance of Numerical Limits 17. Certification
14.1 For purposes of determining compliance with 17.1 A manufacturer’s certificate of compliance shall
the specified limits for chemical composition and me- be furnished to the purchaser stating that samples
chanical properties, an observed or calculated value representing each lot have been tested and inspected
shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the in accordance with the material specification and the
Rounding-Off method of Practice E 29: requirements have been met.
Rounded Limit for Observed
Property or Calculated Value
Chemical composition Nearest unit in the last right-
18. Test Report
hand significance digit used 18.1 When specified in the purchase order, the manu-
in expressing the limiting
value
facturer or supplier shall furnish to the purchaser a
Tensile strength Nearest ksi manufacturer’s test report showing the results of the
Yield strength Nearest ksi required tests, including chemical analysis.
Elongation 5% and over Nearest 1%
19. Product Marking
19.1 When specified in the purchase order, the cast-
15. Inspection
ings shall be marked with the manufacturer’s name or
15.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make tests identifying mark and pattern number or mark at a
necessary to verify that the product furnished conforms location on the casting where it will not be removed
to the specified requirements. in machining to finished dimensions.
15.2 The purchaser may have a representative inspect 19.2 The marking of lot identification numbers shall
or witness the inspection and testing of the material be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
prior to shipment. Such an arrangement shall be made purchaser.
by the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the
purchase order. When such inspection or witness of
inspection and testing is agreed upon, the manufacturer
20. Packaging and Package Marking
shall afford the purchaser’s representative all reasonable
facilities necessary to confirm that the product meets 20.1 The material shall be separated by size, composi-
the requirements of the purchase order. The purchaser’s tion, and temper, and prepared for shipment in such
inspection and tests shall be conducted in such a a manner as to insure acceptance by common carrier
manner that they will not interfere unnecessarily with for transportation and to afford protection from the
the manufacturer’s operation. normal hazards of transportation.
20.2 Each shipping unit shall be legibly marked with
the purchase order number, metal or alloy designation,
16. Rejection and Rehearing
temper, size, gross and net weight, and name of supplier.
16.1 Castings that fail to conform to the requirements The specification number shall be shown, when specified
of this specification when inspected or tested, or both, in the purchase order.
by the purchaser, or the purchaser’s agent, may be
rejected. Rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer
or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatis-
21. Keywords
faction with test results, the manufacturer may make
claim for a rehearing. 21.1 copper alloy castings; copper-base alloy castings
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