What feature of minerals makes them different from vitamins?
They are inorganic
What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury,
arsenic, and/or lead?
Chelation
What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?
2 µg/kg
Which key processes is chromium involved?
Insulin signaling
Deficiencies in vitamin E can lead to which of the following?
Slurred Speech
What percent of athletes have been found to have inadequate levels of vitamin D?
54%
What important molecule is magnesium conjugated to in the body?
ATP
What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
8.4-9.5 mg/dL
What family of compounds are the vitamin K1 compounds called?
Phylloquinones
Vitamin B12 function
involved in metabolic processes, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and maintaining
proper neurological function
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) function
transfers carbon dioxide molecules & the metabolism of carbs, fatty acids, cholesterol, & amino acids
Vitamin B6 function
involved in the breakdown of glycogen into glucose & the production of glucose & neurotransmitters
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) function
critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbs, & fats, and the production of cholesterol & fatty acids
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) function
critical in the metabolism of sugar, amino acids, & central nervous system functions
Vitamin B9 (Folate) function
regulates single-carbon transfers which are critical for the production of red & white blood cells as well as
DNA
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) function
critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbs, & fats
Vitamin C function
helps maintain the antioxidant system & minimizes disease risk
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) function
critical in the metabolism of proteins, carbs, and fats; essential in the antioxidant system
What is the intracellular-to-extracellular ratio of potassium?
30:1
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
1-2%
What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?
136 to 151 millimolar
Deficiencies in vitamin B1 lead to which of the following?
Beriberi
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or
lactating women > 18 years of age)?
150 μg/day
A client visits a Nutrition Coach for the first time and tells the coach she is consuming 20% of
her calories from dietary fat and 15% of her calories from saturated fat. What advice should the
nutrition coach give the client?
recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10-11% of total calorie intake
what is defined as a combination of fat & protein that transports cholesterol & other lipids to &
from various tissues through the blood?
lipoprotein
what is the role of lipoprotein lipase?
it is the enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol for the cell to use
