INTERNSHIP REPORT FILE

(From 1June To 14 August 2024)

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
WITH
“PANKHUDI CONSTRUCTION’’

Pankhudi construction co.

FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE, Agra

FACULTY MENTOR COMPANY MENTOR SUBMITTED BY

Prof. Abhishek Sharma Mr. Bunty Sharma Harendra Singh

Roll no. 2205134

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very grand to expose our sincere and lovable memorial thanks to our Management for
having on hand the facilities for the triumphant completion of the project.
We cordially thanks to Mr. Abhishek sharma sir for their valuable guidance and support, Civil
engineering department , intended for giving valuable guidance, steady support and
encouragement to inclusive our project lucratively. Also, we are vastly obliged to him as our
project guide, for his breed and valuable support to make our project a successful one.
We are very much thankful to our civil department staff for giving unsurpassed Suggestions
towards successful completion of this new project.
Words are inadequate in offering my thanks to the Project team of Pankhudi construction for
their guidance and cooperation in carrying out the training work.
Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents
for their blessings, my friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful
completion of this training.

iv
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that, Harendra Singh student of Diploma in (Civil)-5th Semester Roll
No.2205134 has undergone industrial training in "Creative Projects at Pankhudi construction "
as required by two months industrial training for the award of degree of Diploma Civil
Engineering , from DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE AGRA and prepared the
report entitled “Building construction ”.If any discrepancy is found regarding the originality
of this project, I may be held responsible. I have not copied from any report submitted earlier
this university or any other university. This is purely original and authentic work.

SIGN:
Harendra Singh

Civil 3rd year

v
 ABSTRACT

This report is a summer internship report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering as per norms
of Dayalbagh educational institute Agra. The report consists of brief study and description
of materials, equipment and procedures used at site for construction of a Complex. Author
put his best to elaborate the actual site conditions, and problem faced at site and the tactics
used to deal with them.
The main objective of this report is to present a systematic text on the execution of
construction of a complex based on the Indian Standard codes. The report also covers the
fundamental aspects of practical requirement such as safety, feasibility and economy at
site. In this report the objective was to introduce, wherever necessary,
material which embodies the most recent methodologies.

Chapter 1 Discusses introduction to organization profile, management structure,

products and the main conclusions.
Chapter 2 Discusses introduction to Company Infrastructure, Vision and Mission of
company, Network Structure and the main conclusions.
Chapter 3 Contains description of the process plant/site where practical training was
undertaken including block diagrams for showing process scheme, major operations and
process equipment, stream compositions, site conditions governing the process control.
Chapter 4 Contains the description of project, roles & responsibilities at site,
Responsibility while testing and the main conclusion.
Chapter 5 Presents the results obtained after the Internship on site proceeding with their
conclusion.
In spite of every care taken, it is possible that some errors might have been left unnoticed.
The author sincerely welcomes the constructive criticism for improving the report.

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Page No
Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................ 1-2
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.3 Organization Structure
1.4 Nature of the Business
1.5 Current Projects
Chapter 2: Pankhudi Infrastructure .................................................................... 4
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Departmental Structure
2.3 Vision & Mission
Chapter 3: Attended Training at Pankhudi ........................................................ 5-34
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material Used at Our Site
3.2.1 Cement
3.2.2 Aggregate
3.2.3 Steel
3.2.4 Admixture
3.3 Equipment Used at Our Site
3.3.1 Bar Bending Machine
3.3.2 Bar Cutting Machine
3.3.3 Tower Crane
3.3.4 Excavator
3.4 Safety Equipment Used at Our Site
3.4.1 Safety Helmet
3.4.2 Body Harness
3.4.3 Labor Safety Shoes
3.4.4 Safety Net
3.4.5 Welding Goggles
3.4.6 HVSA
3.5 Information About Test
3.5.1 Slump Test
3.5.2 Compression Test
3.6 Construction Process

Chapter 4: Project Development ............................................................................... 35

4.1 Project Description
4.2 Roles & Responsibilities
4.3 Role in Checking Implementation
4.4 Role in Testing
Chapter 5: Conclusion ........................................................................................... 36
Chapter 6: Conclusion & Recommendations to the Company ......................... 37-39
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Recommendations
6.3 Important Drawings related to site
6.4 Problems Faced at Site
CHECK LISTS ................................................................... 40
REFERENCES
vii
 CHAPTER-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Pankhudi Construction Co is a 14 years 17 days old Partnership Firm incorporated on 15-

Nov-2010, having its registered office located at C-641, Trans,
The major activity of Pankhudi Construction Co is Services, Sub-classified into Civil
engineering and is primarily engaged in the Other civil engineering projects n e c .
Pankhudi Construction Co is classified as Micro enterprise in the financial year 2023-24.
It has its unit situated at Agra, Uttar Pradesh.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF PANKHUDI CONSTRUCTION

Pankhuri Constructions Private Limited is a Private company incorporated on 18
October 1994. It is classified as Non-government company and is registered at Registrar
of Companies, Gwalior. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 300,000 and its paid up capital
is Rs. 0. It's NIC code is 452 (which is part of its CIN). As per the NIC code, it is inolved
in Building of complete constructions or parts thereof; civil engineering.
Pankhuri Constructions' Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on N/A and as per
records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on
N/A.
1.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The company has following organizational Structure:

▪ Administrative
▪ Engineering
▪ Finance
▪ Procurement

1.4 NATURE OF BUSINESS

Company executed the works of building like: -
▪ Residential
▪ Hospitals
▪ Commercial Complex
▪ Multiplexes, etc.
1.5 MARKET STRENGTH

Pankhudi Pvt. Ltd. is the company with following Gross Turn Over from last few years:
▪ 2012-13: Rs.41.59 Crore
▪ 2013-14: Rs.49.13 Crore
▪ 2014-15: Rs.61.35 Crore
▪ 2017-18: Rs.76.72 Crore
1.6 PRODUCTS

▪ Real Estate / Different type of Buildings (Commercial & Residential

Complexes)
1.7 CURRENT PROJECTS
We at Pankhudi believe in quality with precision in commitment of deliverables to
achieve the profound contentment of the community we serve. This is made possible with
the team at Pankhudi which has the right mix of youth, experience, technical and
professionals and preach “Excellence” in every walk of life.
➢ Office building
➢ Home building
➢ Hotel buildings
➢ Road construction services
➢ Anthem street
 CHAPTER-2
PANKHUDI INFRASTRUCTURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Creative projects & contracts is trusted for quality and is acknowledged for an
unshakable commitment to excellence in every aspect of construction.

2.2 DEPARTMENTAL STRUCTURE

▪ Proprietor
▪ Managing Director
▪ Project Manager
▪ Project Engineer
▪ Foreman
▪ Supervisors

2.3 VISION & MISSION

VISION

To be a world-class construction and infrastructure enterprise committed to quality,

timely completion and customer satisfaction.

MISSION

To deliver high-quality, cost-effective projects on schedule by employing and

supporting motivated, flexible, and focused teams. We value the importance of our
relationships and will continue to remain fair and true in our dealings with all
employees, clients, vendors, and partners. Our clients count on our dependability, our
drive, and our integrity. We take great pride in our accomplishments and build on
them every day.

2.4 AVAILABLE PLAN

▪ To become the most successful and respected construction company in INDIA.

▪ Our mission is to grow personally, professionally, emotionally and spiritually by

using our compassion, unique perspective, and our belief in other's inherent
goodness, integrity, and enormous potential.
 CHAPTER-3

TRAINING ATTENDED AT PANKHUDI CONSTRUCTION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial Training program provides pre-professional work with specific assignments

and responsibilities. The aim of this Industrial Training is to prepare the student
physically, mentally and emotionally for the rigors of work as executives in real
organization upon graduation. It helps to develop the student's maturity, self-awareness,
and confidence and familiarize the student with some structured practical experience of
the organization, its operations, its customers, and its staff. By providing pre-professional
work experience with specific assignments and responsibilities, it stimulates personal
career interests, serving as a bridge between university and the world of work. This trains
and prepares the student with knowledge and skills required in current and future Industry
environments.

3.2 Materials used in Pankhudi site

The various materials used for constructing and supporting the building are termed
cement, sand, and steel are to be tested before using them in building construction. The
materials which are used at our site are as follows: -
3.2.1 CEMENT

A cement is a binder, a substance used in construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other
materials, binding them together. Cement is used with fine aggregate to produce mortar for
masonry, or with sand and gravel aggregates to produce concrete. The volume of 1 bag of
cement was 0.0347 m3.

PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement). The brand which was used on our site was MP BIRLA
CEMENT & BIRLA CHETAK CEMENT. The percentage of fly ash in PPC permitted by
IS:1489 varies from 15% (in minimum) to 35% maximum
Reasons for use

• More Durable - Longer Lifespan: - Constructions using Birla Cement are

tougher than other constructions and immune to environmental changes. The
noxious gases of air pollution have no effect on them. Therefore, the
constructions become more durable and have a longer life. What's more, it gives
freedom from the trouble of regular maintenance.
• Anti-Rust: - The unique elements of Birla Cement prevents the steel bars
within concrete reinforcements, from rusting. Hence, the construction's lasts
longer, comparatively.
• Minimizes Water Seepage: - Birla Cement is used to construct roofs,
basements, and water tanks, making them stronger, durable & water resistant.
The extra fine grains of Birla Cement act as deterrents for seepage.
• Lesser Thermal Cracks: - The Heat of Hydration count is very low in Birla
Cement. This prevents cracks in RCC and other construction

• More Fineness:- Birla Cement is finer than 53 Grade OPC. It has super
strength, great adhesive qualities and creates a more flexible and resilient
cement mix for constructions.
• Setting Time:- Like Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the shuttering of
columns, beams, slabs etc. can be opened within the specified
3.2.2 AGGREGATE
Aggregate occupies most of the volume of the concrete. It is the stuff that the cement paste coats
and binds together. The composition, shape, and size of the aggregate all have a significant
impact on the workability, durability, strength, weight, and shrinkage of the concrete. IS: 383-
1970 is preferred for aggregate testing. Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the
total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories are as follows:
➢ COARSE AGGREGATE Coarse aggregate provides strength to concrete, improves
water resistance, and maintains dimensional stability. It's important to wash coarse
aggregate before using it in concrete. Aggregates that absorb more than 2% of water
after soaking in water for 24 hours are not suitable for concrete Size of Coarse
Aggregate Materials that are large enough to be retained on the 4.7mm sieve size
usually constitute coarse aggregates and can reach a maximum size of 63mm.

➢ FINE AGGREGATE (ZONE2)

The size of fine aggregate is defined as equal to or less than 4.75 mm. This means that the
aggregates that can pass through a number 4 sieve with a mesh size of 4.75 mm are referred to
as fine aggregates. These include clay, silt, and sand. Crushed gravel and crushed stone can
also fall under this category
Role of fine aggregate in a concrete mix
The majority of the volume in the formulations for making a concrete mix is taken up by
fine particles, which serve as the structural filler. You are able to have a substantial influence
on the output by modifying the makeup of the fine aggregate as well as its geometry, size, and
other characteristics.
The function of fine aggregate may be broken down into the following points:
❖ The use of fine aggregates helps the mixture to sustain its dimensions.
❖ The use of fine aggregate has the potential to affect both the elastic properties and the
damage tolerance of the concrete.
❖ The quality of the fine aggregates also affects the proportions of the mixture as well as
its hardening capabilities.
❖ In addition, the characteristics of the fine aggregates have a considerable bearing on
the degree to which the concrete will shrink.
 3.2.3 STEEL
Steel is most commonly used as reinforcing material as a tension member because
is satisfying all characteristics required for an ideal reinforcing material. The grade
which is used at the site is 500D of sizes 8mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm&
32mm.The size of 8mm is used in slab and 16mm,20mm,25mm & 32mmwas used
in beam and column. Due to ribs present on steel bars, it develops a good bond
with the concrete.IS:1786 give specifications for HYSD bars on site.

Steel

Reinforcement Bars M.S Plates

a) Reinforcement Bar
BRAND - TATA TISCON
GRADE – Fe 500D
Diameter of bars used (in mm)- 8,12,16,20,25,32

Chemical Properties of Reinforcement Bars

Chemical Properties
Constituents Maximum Percentage
FE 500 FE 500D
Carbon 0.30 0.25
Sulphur 0.55 0.40
Phosphorus 0.55 0.40
Sulphur & Phosphorus 0.105 0.075
 Mechanical Properties of Reinforcement Bars
Mechanical Properties
Properties Minimum Value
FE 500 FE 500D
Yield Stress (N/mm2)-YS 500 500
Ultimate Tensile Stress (N/mm2)-UTS 545 565
UTS/YS Ratio 1.08 1.1
% Elongation 12 16

Reinforcement Bars
 b) M.S Plates
BRAND- SAIL
GRADE- Fe 500

REASON FOR USING MS PLATE

Reinforced concrete coupled shear walls in tall buildings are known as efficient structural
systems to provide lateral resistance to wind and earthquake. The coupling beams
connecting two shear walls are normally subjected to very high bending and shear stresses.
In the design of coupled shear walls, structural engineers have to face a problem that the
conventional reinforced concrete coupling beams cannot provide enough shear capacity,
which is independent of the amount of transverse reinforcement, to resist such high shear
stresses due to the limitation of beam sizes from both architectural and structural
considerations.

MS Plate (Mild Steel Plate)

3.2.4 ADMIXTURE
The admixture is the materials which are used to improve the quality of concrete.
The admixture which is used at the site is coming from Chembond Chemicals Ltd.
And Admixture is known as Kemsuplast 340J (Type: Poly-Carboxylic Ether).
The capacity of one drum is 225 Kg. This admixture helps to increase the setting
time and maintain the strength of concrete.

Admixture
3.2.5 BONDING AGENTS

➢ FAIRCRETE

The bonding agent is a high solid, water-based emulsion admixture suitable for
modifying Portland cement compositions. It is also designed for use as a bonding
agent between new and hardened concrete. It is a milky white, non-yellowing liquid
ready for use and requires no on-site dilution. The Bonding Agent used at our site was
a product of Fairmate Pvt. Ltd. And Bonding Agent were Faircrete whose main
work was to prepare a bond between new and hardened concrete.

FaircreteSB(L)
➢ HILTI RE500

It is an epoxy adhesive chemical for rebar connections and heavy anchoring

works. Structural connections with post-installed rebar (e.g. extension/connection
to walls, slabs, stairs, columns, foundations, etc.). It can take 30% higher load
with Re 500.
Key Technical Details

▪ Material composition: Epoxy adhesive

▪ Tested/approved for diamond drilling: Yes

▪ In-service temperature range-40 - 70 °C

▪ Storage and transportation temperature- 5°C-25°C

Features

▪ European Technical Approval covering automatic cleaning of holes drilled

using TE-CD or TE-YD drill bits and Hilti vacuum cleaners.
▪ Especially suitable for large-diameter elements and/or deep embedment
depths.
▪ Virtually odorless, hence pleasant to work with

▪ Suitable for anchoring in diamond-cored holes

Applications

▪ Structural connections with post-installed rebar (e.g. extension/connection to

walls, slabs, stairs, columns, foundations, etc.)
▪ Anchoring structural steel connections (e.g. steel columns, beams, etc.)

▪ Anchoring crash barriers, noise barriers, etc.

▪ Suitable for underwater applications in hammer-drilled holes

Rebaring Using Hilti Re-500

3.2.6 BRICKS
Bricks are used as siding in the building industry due in part to its important
characteristics and just because it can be a good affordable option. Below we
summarize the benefits and applications of the most commonly used type of
bricks.2nd Class brick was used at our site was according to Indian standard(IS:
1077: 1992). Whose water absorption was less than 20%
There are various types of bricks used in masonry.

o Common Burnt Clay Bricks

o Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)

o Engineering Bricks

o Concrete Bricks

o Fly ash Bricks

The brick which was used at our site was Common Burnt Clay Bricks.
Water is one of the most important elements in construction, but people still ignore the quality
aspect of this element. The water is required for preparation of mortar, mixing of cement
concrete and for curing work etc. during construction work. The quality and quantity of water
have much effect on the strength of mortar and cement concrete in construction work.
Quality of Water

satisfactory for mixing. The pH value of water should be not less than 6.

3.2.7 READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC)

Ready-mix concrete is a type of concrete that is manufactured in a factory or
batching plant, according to a set recipe, and then delivered to a work site, by truck
mounted transit mixers. This results in a precise mixture, allowing specialty
concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction sites.
Concrete itself is a mixture of Portland cement, water, and aggregates comprising
sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional work sites, each of these materials
is procured separately and mixed in specified proportions at the site to make
concrete. Ready Mixed Concrete is bought and sold by volume - usually expressed
in cubic meters. RMC can be custom-made to suit different applications.

3.2.8 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

a) Cover Blocks: -A cover block is essentially a spacer that is used to lift the bar
matrix off the ground so that concrete may flow underneath the bar. In order to
prevent corrosion of the bar& exposure to the environment, it needs to be fully
encased in concrete. By code, it usually needs about 2 to 3 inches of coverage on
all sides.

Cover Blocks

b) Nails:- Nails are used to making unit assembly of shuttering panels.These are
made up of Iron, these are pointed at one end and flat headed from another.
 Nails
c) Binding Wire:- Binding wire is used for binding reinforcement construction. It is
made of mild steel inker, which takes place in the form of thermal processing
annealing. Binding wire is also called annealed wire. Binding wires play a
significant role in holding the rebars during construction. Binding wires are used
for tying rebars to hold the structure intact. The main and distributional
reinforcement rebars are held together using annealed wire made of mild steel.
Binding wires are prepared by the process of annealing which provides them
flexibility, softness and required strength. The diameters range from 0.61 mm to
1.22m.At our site, 0.8mm diameter wire was used.

Binding Wire
3.3 EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS USED AT SITE

BBM {Bar Bending Machine}:-Apparatus used to bend and shape steel rod, especially used in
the preparation of steel reinforced concrete structures.

BCM {Bar Cutting Machine}:-Highly sophisticated bar cutting machines work with
hydraulics, which makes them very accurate in their cutting. With fast and efficient bar cutting
machines are capable of cutting multiple rods at the same time.

Tower Crane:-A rotatable cantilever jib on top of a steelwork tower used on building sites
where the operator needs to command a good view of the site. Fixed to the ground on a concrete
slab, tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the
construction of tall buildings. The base is then attached to the mast which gives the crane its height.

Excavator: -an excavator, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of excavating
equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm.
Welding Machine:-Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins metals by causing
fusion, which is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as soldering,
which does not melt the base metal. In addition to melting the base metal, a filler material is
typically added to the joint to form a pool of molten material that cools to form a joint that is
usually stronger than the base material. Welding electrode is coated with Cellulose Potassium
Titania sodium, Titania potassium, Iron Powder Titania, Low hydrogen sodium, Low
hydrogen potassium, Iron powder iron oxide, Iron powder low hydrogen.

Fig-20:-Welding Machine
Grinder: - Grinding is used for finishing of workpieces that must show high surface quality
and high accuracy of shape and dimension. It Rotates at the speed of 6600-7700 RPM.

Measuring tape (Steel): -A measuring tape is a flexible ruler. It consists of a metal strip with
linear-measurement markings. It is a common measuring tool. The measuring tape was of
different-different sizes like- 30m, 5m.
Try Square: - The engineers try-square is composed of two parts, the stock, and the blade. The
try-square is used to test that a 90-degree angle exists across the edge of the steel. Although a
burr exists on the edge of the steel it fits into the slot and does not affect the way the try-square
is used.

Plumb Bob: -A plumb bob is a weight, usually with a pointed tip on the bottom, suspended
from a string and used as a vertical reference line, or plumb-line. It is used on site to transfer
point exactly vertically upward or downward for marking points.

Hammer: -A hammer is a tool that delivers a blow to an object. Hammers are hand tools used
to drive nails and break apart objects. Hammers which was used on our site was a claw hammer.
Trowels:-Trowels also help smooth concrete surfaces for their finish coats before being left to
dry. Hand-troweling is common for smaller tasks on the site.

Hammer Machine: -A drilling machine is used to cut holes into or through metal or any other
materials. Drilling machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its point.
Hoe:-This tool is used to digging and to place concrete, cement mortar in the head pan.

Head Pan: -This one is used to transport materials.

Sand screening: -This tool is used to sieve sand at the site.

Bump Screed: -This tool is used to level fresh concrete surface especially in slab concrete.

Wooden Rendering Float:-This tool is used to give a smooth finish to the plastered a
rea.

Vacuum Blower:-These tools are used to clean the surface area from impurities Slab concrete.
And also used during rebaring work. Blower used at our site was having the speed of 620 to
750 RPM.

Walkie Talkie:- It was used to communicate with site staff on the site without going to them
and wasting time. Its range was nearly 2.99 Miles.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT USED AT SITE
Safety helmets: -Safety helmets are one of the most frequently used forms of PPE. Safety
Helmets will protect the user’s head against:
• The impact of objects falling from above, by resisting and deflecting blows to the head.
• Hitting fixed dangerous objects at the workplace,

Body Harness: -Body harnesses are designed to minimize stress forces on labor’s body in the
event of a fall while providing sufficient freedom of movement to allow work to be performed.

Labor Safety Shoes: -Wellington boots are waterproof and are most often made from rubber or
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a halogenated polymer. They are usually worn when walking on the
concrete or muddy ground, or to protect the wearer from heavy showers and puddles.
Safety Net:-Safety Net Systems consist of nets installed as close as possible under the work

area. Perimeter nets are personal or debris nets that are erected around the perimeter of a
building to protect workers from overboard falls or to catch construction debris.
Welding goggles: - Welding goggles provide a degree of eye protection while some forms of
welding and cutting are being done. They are intended to protect the eyes not only from the heat
and optical radiation produced by the welding, such as the intense ultraviolet light produced by
an electric arc but also from sparks or debris.

HVSA: - High-visibility safety apparel (HVSA) is clothing that workers can wear to improve
how well other people see them (their visibility). Most often, high- visibility clothing is worn
to alert drivers and other vehicle operators of a worker's presence, especially in low light and
dark conditions.

INFORMATION ABOUT TEST

There are number of tests which are performed at the site on different material. The tests which
we have performed at the site are below:-
➢ Slump Test: - This test is used to check the workability of concrete at the site. Steel
mold is used which is in the form of a frustum of a cone whose dimensions are 300mm
at bottom dia., 200mm at top dia. and height is 100mm.
Observation and calculations: -
• Proportion of sample = M30/M35
 • Slump Value = 105-120 mm

Table:-4 -Value of slump test obtained on site ➢

S. No Slump Value of Slump Value

1) Pumpable Concrete 105 to 125 mm
2) Normal Concrete 80 to 100 mm

➢ Compression Test: - The compressive strength of a cube is an indication of the strength

of concrete. With the help of this, we can check the characteristics strength of concrete.
The size of the cube is taken as 15cm3. At least three specimens should be made for
testing which is to be performed at 7 & 28 days.
Observation and calculations: -
• Proportion of concrete = M30 & M35
• Cross-section Area = 150x150=22500mm2

TABLE-5:- Cube Test Performed at Site

S. No Weight (Kg) Load (N) Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 Day Cubes (M-35)
1 8.278 800000 35.56
2 8.292 1101000 48.93
3 8.274 1320000 58.67
4 8.246 1207000 53.64
5 8.356 1122000 49.86
6 8.278 1034000 45.96
28 Day Cubes (M-30)
7 8.246 1059000 47.06
8 8.174 988000 43.91
9 8.166 886000 39.37
7 Day Cubes (M-35) (Slab)
10 8.308 1458000 64.80
11 8.390 1208000 53.68
12 8.494 1425000 63.33
13 8.410 1310000 58.22
14 8.404 1322000 58.75
15 8.424 1429000 63.51
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Piling:- Piling forms the very basis of construction; the essential support needed for any kind
of structure. It is a technique that sets deep foundations for any form of construction work, such
as buildings. On our site piling was done as the depth of excavation was 40ft from the ground
so to resist soil from failure. And piling consists of following specifications at our site:-

Table8:-PILING SPECIFICATIONS

a) Depth of Piling 40feet

b) Diameter of pile 2.5 feet

c) Spacing between two pile c/c 3 Feet

d) Main bar Diameter 16 mm

e) Diameter of helical 8 mm

f) Clear Cover 50 mm

g) Grade of Concrete M-25

Excavation: - Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools,
equipment or explosives. It includes earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling, and
underground. Excavation is used in construction to create building foundations, reservoirs, and
roads. Some of the different processes used in excavation include trenching, digging, and
dredging and site development. Each of these processes requires unique techniques, tools, and
machinery to get the job done right. The processes used will depend upon the structure that will
result from the construction process. At our Construction site excavation was done by Pock
lane. Up to the depth of 46 feet after completion of piling.

Dressing: - Spread the soil using something flat, like the back side of a heavy garden rake,
working it into aeration holes and covering low spots. After Completion Of excavation proper
soil dressing was made and the unwanted soil was removed.
Leveling: -A level surface is defined as a curved surface which at each point is perpendicular
to the direction of gravity at the point. The surface of a still water is a truly level surface. Any
surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth is, therefore, a level surface. At Our,
Site Levelling Was done using a surveying instrument called Auto Level.

Site Marking: -
• Site marking is one of the starting point of your construction.
• In this activity, your Engineer and Maestri will identify pillar placements.
• Once pillars placement is identified based on soil condition earthwork will start.
• The engineer will mark the area around the pillar. Earth workers will dig marked
area.
• Depending on soil condition pillar depth will vary.
• Some people perform puja before starting this marking.
Laying of PCC: -To level the unevenness of ground surface for laying of reinforcement and
protecting it from contact with the ground, it also improves firm base to foundation increase
bearing capacity of the soil. After leveling PCC was laid out With M-10 Grade of Concrete to
a Thickness of 4 inches.

Column Layout:- At our Site Column Marking was done using TOTAL STATION to Plot

Important Points and column marking.

Foundation & Pedestal:- A concrete pedestal is a compression element provided to carry the
loads from supported elements like columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground. It is
generally provided below the metal columns. In general pedestal width is greater than its height.
At our site raft & Isolated footing was used.

Table 9:-FOUNDATION & PEDESTAL SPECIFICATIONS

1 Depth of Raft 4feet
2 Clear Cover 50 mm
3 Grade of Concrete M-30
4 Grade of Steel Fe 500 D

Bar Binding of Raft Raft Casting

While Casting Footing we have checked the proper spacing between all main bars, extra
reinforcement, Bars of extra/ main reinforcement, lap length, clear cover.

Column binding, shuttering& Casting: -At our site Rectangular/Square Column was used,
Columns were a short column in nature. In the case of long Column pedestal was used, hence
eff. length of Column gets reduced and column turns short.
 Table 10:-COLUMN SPECIFICATIONS
a) Dimension Varying asper drawing
b) Main bar Diameter 12,16,20,25 & 32 mm
c) Diameter of Tie bars 8 mm
d) Clear Cover 40 mm
e) Grade of Concrete M-35
f) Grade of Steel Fe 500 D

Column Shuttering

Main Reinforcement Plan of column

While Casting Column we have checked the proper spacing between all tie bars, check for
reinforcement, Number of the bar, checked alternate laps are provided, lap length, clear cover.
 Slab & Beam Casting
De-shuttering: - It is the process of removing formwork after the concrete gains its proper
strength, after this process of curing starts which is discussed below.

Curing: -Curing was done for reducing crack due to evolving of thermal heat and to do so at
our site Gunny bag & Ponding method of curing was used.

Gunny Bag

Ponding Method
 CHAPTER-4
Project Development

4.1 INTRODUCTION

As we have already discussed project detail, Type of Project, Process of working in

previous Sections.

4.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Golden Sands is a residential and commercial complex in which ground floor of tower
3 is meant for commercial purpose and all above floors are meant for residential
purpose and all two basements are provided for parking facility and in this project
service floor is also provided to provide one stop facility for all maintenance work of
Sanitary, water fitting and electricity connections.

4.3 ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

Here during my training period I have been made responsible for executing several
tasks at site as per guidance of engineers and Project Manager like- Checking
Reinforcement of different members, Casting work of different members, To check
Testing done on site, To Check Quality of material coming on site (like:- RMC), Etc.

4.4 RESPONSIBILITIES WHILE TESTING

While performing Several tests like- Slump Test, Compression value test I was held
responsible to check proper method to perform testing as per IS code and to evaluate
test results and to comment on them weather the material can be used or not.
 CHAPTER-5
5.1 OVERVIEW OF TRAINING

At Last, I want to say that it was a very knowledgeable site here I have learned several
things for 60 days period of my internship. When I’ve joined a site, I was completely raw
and don’t know anything about how to work to be executed on site and when after 60days
I left the site I was able to do lots of work and also learned how to execute work on site.

5.2 LESSONS LEARNED SKILLS DEVELOPED

➢ Here I’ve learned how to execute work on site.

➢ I’ve observed the difference between studying any concept in the book and
applying it to the field there was lots of difference as we can say that theoretical
concept is mutually perpendicular to practical concepts.
➢ I’ve also learned how to make labour understand our point of view and
communicate with them.

5.3 KNOWLEDGE GAINED

1. I’ve learned how to read drawing given on site like: -

➢ Main Column Reinforcement Detail.

➢ Main & Extra Reinforcement Details of Raft.

➢ Column Stirrup Details.

➢ Main & Extra Reinforcement Details of Beam.

➢ Schedule for Shuttering.

➢ Column Layout Plan.

➢ Main Layout Plan, Etc.

2. I’ve also learned how tests are performed on site to test properties of concrete.
 CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO TO THE COMPANY

6.1 CONCLUSIONS

The internship is a connection between the theoretical knowledge and the practical
or the field work during construction or civil engineering work. We all who attended the
internship class by going to companies that already working either as a consultant or a
contractor. The responsibilities of the hosting company are to teach trainees and shape them in
the two months as a real site workers. My hosting company is a contracting company and they
help me in acquiring different knowledge in different positions.
This program played an important role in learning field works that can be implemented by the
person who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building construction. We were
able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that arise in a building
construction.
Since I took my internship session in the Pankhudi construction, I get an opportunity to work at
the different types of the construction work which helps me to gain more knowledge by seeing
what they work on site and what are their main responsibilities to the client and each other.
Working with team made me acquire more knowledge work includes the duty of the site
engineers.
From the design team especially from the structural designers I got some clues about how to
design and the phases and different procedure in the designing of any structure starting from the
roof to the footing. The architects also help me to know every symbol used in any drawing and
room orientations, how each room of the specified space can be together without being disturbed
by one another. In the sanitary and electrical engineers also help us by teaching us about the
riser diagram and installation of each junction in place for a building.
However, this internship program was not free from challenges. But they come up with the
challenges and teach us how we must gown to be in the field after the graduation.
Over-all the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career. We are proud
to be able to contribute towards nation building during the country's extremely critical period
of the history. It will be sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate in other disciplines as
well.
 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

Most works in the site needs careful attention and successive supervision of works but the in
some case the site works goes improperly due to different causes. This kind of carelessness is
not good for ether the consultant or the contractor. Therefore, I suggest supervisors and site
engineers to take a care full look after the work executed on the site and the work that will be
executed.
At the site there are works which are performed in the way that not to be performed. Such
works lids to safety problem, loose of human power if its degree is high and economy if it is
ordered to demolish it.
Thus, I recommend for the company the following:
It is better to use steel form work than wood (plywood) formwork as it is very repetitively
used, stiff, not flammable easily and removed easily without damaging the concrete structure.
Use thicker eucalyptus false work in order to avoid the bulging of concrete

Bar staggering around support also need a special attention or re designing because of that it
hard to compact using vibrator through it.
The soil blended at the site must be as it is specified in the laboratory result and the equipment
used for blinding must be effective in the mixing process.
Compacting of the soil more than 20cm in pit and other excavation is improper and it doesn't
full fill the needed density. So, compaction must be in each20cm layer as specified.
Formwork should remove easily without damaging the concrete surface.

Addition of water for concrete casting should be known and shouldn’t a guessing work.
Use modern machinery or equipment for high productivity and to finish works on time.
Ignoring the student suggestion also the problem in the site which is Unreasonable and
illogical. The sources of this kind of ignorance mainly arise from under estimating of the
student it must also avoid unless and otherwise it has a reason.
 6.3 PROBLEMS FACED AT SITE

❖ Communication with Labour: - Later with help of a foreman working there, they told
me about general terms used by Labour at the site and also helped in communicating
with them. Like- Water- Level is called Pansaal which is a roman word meaning
plummet in English.

❖ Exposure of reinforcement: - In rare cases, it happened that columns were not getting
proper cover & get exposed to atmosphere than at that place jackal was provided.

❖ While Casting of the slab in several days: - Due to long span, it was not possible to
cast complete slab or foundation in one batch so to make proper bonding between old
and new concrete Faircrete SB(L) was used.

❖ Rebaring Problem after casting: - It happened that after casting structural engineer
changed the reinforcement detail of lift, but it is not possible to demolish concrete and
again bind bar as per new drawing so to satisfy this problem without demolishing
concrete a rebaring agent called Hilti RE 500 was used which increase strength 30 %
more and good bonding also in two reinforcement bars.

❖ Weather condition of the site: - In between several times rain occurred due to which
problem in working and casting work was there.
REFERENCES

[1] Encyclopedia

[2] Official website of CREATIVE PROJECTS & CONTRACTS: -

www.cpcpl.co.in/

[3] Official website of Hilti RE 500 for specifications of Rebaring Agent

:-www.hilti.in/anchor-systems/injectable-adhesive-anchors/r4929903

[4] IS Codes as per requirement such as:-

IS 456:2000 for concrete.
IS 1077:1992 for Brick.
IS 1489 for cement.
IS 1789 for HYSD steel bars.

IS 516:1959 for concrete cube testing. IS:

1199:1959 to determine slump value. IS
383:1970 for aggregates etc.
[5] Structural Drawings like:-

Column Main reinforcement Details

Beam Main/Extra reinforcement Details
Raft Main/ Extra reinforcement Details
Shuttering Layout Plan
Slab Reinforcement detailing & Etc.…