DR.

BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNICAL

UNIVERSITY, LONERE

An Internship Report on
“A Detailed Analysis , Design And Execution For
Construction Of G+5 Storey Building Chandrapur.”

BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

BALLARPUR DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

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 ENGINEERING
“A Detailed Analysis , Design And Execution For
Construction Of G+5 Storey Building Chandrapur.”

This Internship report is submitted to

M.D.V.PATEL COMPANY & PUBLIC WORKS DEPARMENT In
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree in civil
engineering

BY
Shruti kishor tambekar
Bhavana pundlik nikure
Sachin khushal lode
Tushar satish dadgelwar
Darshan kamde

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MUKESH KUMAR TANGLE SIR

BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BALLARPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2023-2024

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our thanks to PWD for giving us the opportunity to undertake this
summer internship program. We sincerely thank Management for their constant
guidance, valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the progress of one
month internship program. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank all
projects team for their precious guidance and administration staff for their help.

The experience was truly enriching and memorable

I extend my heartfelt thanks to:

-Executive Engineer Mr. M.K. Tangle Sir, for his guidance and supervision

-AE Mr. S.D Mende sir and AE M.S.J Rathod Sir, for his valuable insights and
support

-KMV Ltd DGM Mr. Mohan Seshu Kumar Sir, for his expertise and mentorship

- Site Engineer Sir, for his hands-on training and encouragement

I also appreciate the support and collaboration provided by KMV Ltd., the
contractor company working on the Shreemati Nathibai Demodar Thackersey
Womens University (SNDTW) site, for allowing me to gain practical experience
on their project. Their team's expertise and willingness to share knowledge were
invaluable to my learning experience. Additionally, 1 thank the employees and
members of the Public Works Department, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, and the site
staff and workers, for their kindness, cooperation, and spontaneous response. This
internship has been an invaluable learning experience, and I am grateful to each one
of you for making it a success.

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 ABSTRACT
The internship training for civil engineering provides an opportunity for students to apply
theoretical knowledge gained in the classroom to practical scenarios within the construction
industry. This hands-on training focuses on various aspects of civil engineering, including
structural design, project management, materials testing, surveying, and construction practices.
Interns are typically involved in tasks such as assisting in site inspections, preparing technical
drawings, conducting tests on building materials, and supporting the design and planning of civil
infrastructure projects. The training fosters an understanding of industry standards, safety
protocols, and the latest technological advancements. It aims to develop key skills such as
problem-solving, teamwork, and communication, preparing students for a successful transition
into the professional engineering workforce. By working alongside experienced engineers, interns
gain valuable insights into project execution, the challenges of construction, and the importance
of quality control, all while contributing to real-world projects.

From July 16th to August 16th. 2024, I had the privilege of training at P.W.D. `Chandrapur where I gained
invaluable insights and experience. This report Document the knowledge and expertise. I acquired during
my construction training. Highlighting the practical applications of civil engineering principles and the
latest construction work trends.

Through this training, I was able to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical
experience, preparing me for a successful career in civil engineering."

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 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENTS(PWD)
The Public Works Department (PWD) is a government agency or organization responsible for the
construction, maintenance, and management of public infrastructure. This can include roads, bridges,
government buildings, water supply systems, and other public utilities. The department typically operates
at various levels of government, such as municipal, state, or national, and ensures the infrastructure is safe,
functional, and well-maintained.

PWD's main functions include:

1. Roads and Highways: Construction and maintenance of roads, highways, and pathways.

2. Government Buildings: Construction, renovation, and maintenance of government offices, hospitals,

schools, etc.

3. Water Supply: Developing and maintaining water systems, pipelines, and reservoirs.

4. Bridges and Tunnels: Designing and maintaining essential transportation structures.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE
ACNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
1.INTRODUCTION OF REPORT
1.1 Need of study
1.2 General specifications of site
2. COMPONENTS OF BUILDING
2.1 Column design
2.2Slab design
3. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
3.1Cement
3.2Aggregate
3.3Reinforcement
4. MATERIAL TESTING
4.1 Test of aggregate
4.1.1 Crushing strength test
4.1.2 Impact test
4.2 Test of concrete
4.2.1 compressive strength test
4.2.2 slump test
5. EQUIPEMENT USED IN CONSTRUCTION
5.1 Batching machine
5.2 Concrete mixer
5.3 Transportation
5.4 compactor
6 WORK ASSIGNED
7CONCLUSION

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 1. INTRODUCTION OF REPORT

This internship report provides a detailed account of my practical experience and learning during
the internship at the construction site of the Collector Office Building in Chandrapur, with a
specific focus on civil works. The project, managed by the Public Works Department (PWD), is
a critical infrastructure development aimed at creating a modern administrative hub for the
district, ensuring efficient governance and improved public service delivery.

The construction of the Collector Office Building involves a wide range of civil engineering
activities, including site preparation, foundation work, structural framing, masonry, concrete
work, and finishing. The project is designed to integrate contemporary architectural features with
robust civil engineering techniques to ensure structural integrity, durability, and sustainability.

During the internship, I was actively involved in observing and assisting in various civil work
processes such as excavation, reinforcement detailing, formwork installation, concrete casting,
brick masonry, plastering, and quality checks. My role also included understanding construction
drawings, monitoring progress, and ensuring adherence to safety and quality standards on site.

This internship provided an opportunity to bridge the gap between academic theories and practical
implementation in the field of civil engineering. It allowed me to gain hands-on experience in key
aspects of construction, including material management, workforce coordination, and the
application of modern construction practices.

The report outlines the objectives of the internship, the scope of work, methodologies adopted,
and the challenges encountered during the civil work phase of the project. It also highlights the
key technical skills and professional insights I acquired, such as structural analysis, construction
techniques, and effective teamwork.

Working on the Collector Office Building in Chandrapur has been a valuable experience,
enhancing my understanding of civil engineering practices and preparing me for future challenges
in the field of construction and infrastructure development. This internship has not only
strengthened my technical knowledge but also instilled a deeper appreciation for the role of civil
engineering in shaping functional and sustainable infrastructure.

LOCATION OF SITE

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 1.1 NEED OF STUDY
When studying the column and slab casting on the third floor of a collector building from a civil
engineering perspective, the focus is on ensuring the construction process adheres to design specifications,
standards, and quality requirements. Here are the key aspects to study and monitor:

1. Column Casting

a. Design and Layout

• Column alignment and layout: Verify column locations, sizes, and reinforcement as per the
approved structural drawings.
• Cover spacing: Check for proper cover spacing (concrete cover) to protect reinforcement from
corrosion and fire.
b. Reinforcement

• Bar detailing: Ensure correct bar sizes, spacing, and placement per the design. Verify overlaps (lap
length) and anchorage.
• Stirrups and ties: Confirm proper placement, spacing, and secure binding of stirrups/ties for lateral
reinforcement.
• Clearances: Ensure clear space for concrete flow during casting.

c. Shuttering/Formwork

• Quality: Ensure formwork is sturdy, well-aligned, and free of defects (e.g., gaps or bulges).
• Cleaning and coating: Remove debris and apply shutter oil or release agents to prevent concrete
sticking.
• Alignment and plumb: Check the verticality of the formwork.

d. Concrete Work

• Mix design: Confirm the concrete grade (e.g., M25 or M30) as per structural specifications.
• Pouring: Monitor proper placement of concrete in layers to avoid segregation.
• Vibration: Ensure adequate compaction using vibrators to avoid honeycombing and voids.
• Curing: Implement proper curing methods (wet burlap, water spraying) to achieve required
strength.

2. Slab Casting

a. Design and Layout

• Slab thickness: Verify slab thickness and dimensions as per structural drawings.
• Reinforcement: Check for proper placement of main and distribution bars, including bar spacing
and anchorage.

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b. Shuttering/Formwork

• Quality: Inspect for strength and stability to hold the weight of wet concrete and construction
loads.
• Leveling: Ensure formwork is leveled to achieve a uniform slab surface.
• Props and supports: Verify adequacy and spacing of props to avoid deflection or collapse.

c. Reinforcement

• Bar placement: Ensure correct placement of top and bottom reinforcements (as required) with
appropriate spacing.
• Cover blocks: Place cover blocks to maintain the correct concrete cover over the reinforcement.
• Overlap: Check for proper overlap (lap length) in reinforcement bars, especially at joints.

d. Concrete Work

• Mix quality: Use the specified grade of concrete and ensure consistency during mixing.
• Pouring method: Ensure concrete is poured continuously to prevent cold joints.
• Compaction: Use vibrators to compact the concrete thoroughly.
• Finishing: Achieve a smooth surface finish using screeds or trowels.

e. Curing

• Start curing as soon as the concrete sets to avoid cracking and ensure strength gain.
• Maintain proper curing for the required duration (usually 7–28 days).

---

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1.2 General specifications of site

Name:Collector Office Of G+5 Storey Building

Chandrapur
-Location: Chandrapur, Chandrapur District, Maharashtra, India
-Budget: ₹ 5169.45 lakh has been allocated for the project's expenses
-Built Up Area: The construction site covers an area of 75x75 m.sq
- Duration Of Work : 24 months
-Defect Rectification Period :10years (from completion of work)
-Name Of Contractor: May.D.V.Patel and Company, Nagpur

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 2. COMPONENTS OF BUILDING
2.1 COLUMN DESIGN:
a column is a vertical structural member designed to transfer compressive loads from a
structure (such as a building, bridge, or other infrastructure) to the foundation below.
Columns play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity and stability of a
building or structure.

• Grade of concrete:- M35 ( 1 : 2.16 : 2.95 )

All concrete mix M35 with minimum cement content in concrete insure durability under
specified condition of exposure 375 KG/MT3.

• Grade of reinforcement:- Mild Steel Fe550

All structural steel reinforcement shall be high strength deform bar 0f grade Fe550D
conforming me to IS 1786 – 1985 and mild steel grade one conforming to IS 432 – 1982
PART I.

• Cover block:- 50x50x40 mm.

• Compression Overlap:- 40 x dia of bar.

• Ring size for column same ground level and above ground level.

• Used densified coated plywood for shuttering and formwork.

• Used steel prop and steel support for formwork.

• Burnt oil not permitted for deshuttering.

• Used super-plasticizers to maintain water-cement ratio.

• Curing exposed surface of concrete shall be kept.

• Continuously in wet condition minimum for 14 days.

PROCEDURE:-

To cast a column on the 3rd floor with the specified dimensions and materials, follow these
detailed steps:

• Specifications

o Column Size: 300 mm x 300 mm.

o Reinforcement:8 vertical bars of 12 mm diameter.

o 8 mm stirrups spaced at 150 mm center-to-center.

o M35 grade concrete.

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 o Height :- 3m

1. Preparation

• Structural Review

o Verify design calculations, including column load, reinforcement details, and concrete
grade, as per structural drawings.

• Material Procurement

o Concrete: M35 (Ready-Mix Concrete is recommended for better quality control).

o Steel: 12 mm and 8 mm bars.

o Formwork: Plywood or steel shuttering.

• Scaffolding and Safety

o Ensure scaffolding and platforms are stable and secured for safe access to the 3rd floor.

o Equip workers with PPE (helmets, gloves, harnesses, etc.).

2. Reinforcement Work

• Vertical Bars

1. Cutting and Bending:

o Length of each bar = column height (3 m) + development length (typically 40–50 times
bar diameter).

o Total length per bar = For 8 bars:

2. Spacing: Arrange the 8 bars evenly with proper alignment.

• Stirrups

o Cutting and Bending:

o Stirrups' outer dimensions = (considering 20 mm cover).

• Binding: Tie stirrups securely with binding wire at 150 mm intervals.

• Reinforcement Cage

o Use spacers to maintain a 40 mm cover between the reinforcement and formwork.

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3. Formwork Setup

• Install formwork to maintain 300 mm x 300 mm dimensions.

• Ensure proper alignment and bracing to resist concrete pressure.

• Apply shuttering oil for easy removal after casting.

4. Concrete Preparation and Placement

• Concrete Mix

o Use M35 grade concrete (mix proportion as specified in design, or order ready-mix
concrete).

o Target slump: 75–125 mm for good workability.

• Casting

o Pour concrete in layers of 300–500 mm to avoid segregation.

o Compact each layer with a vibrator to eliminate air pockets.

o Ensure even distribution of concrete, especially around reinforcement.

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2.2 SLAB DESIGN

To cast a two-way slab with M45 concrete and Fe 550 reinforcement based on the specified
reinforcement details, follow this detailed process:

1. Design Details Overview:

▪ Material Specification:

o Concrete Grade: M45 (High-strength concrete).

o Reinforcement Grade: Fe 550 (High-yield strength steel).

o Slab Dimensions: Thickness: 150 mm.

o Reinforcement Details: All structural steel reinforcement shall be high strength deform
bar 0f grade Fe550D conforming me to IS 1786 – 1985 and mild steel grade one
conforming to IS 432 – 1986 PART I.

o Bottom Bars (Main):10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm c/c (center-to-center).

Alternate bars bent at L/5 (span length divided by 5) near supports.

o Top Bars (Distribution):10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm c/c.

o Extra bars at:

Continuous Ends: 10 mm @ 300 mm c/c.
Discontinuous Ends: 10 mm @ 300 mm c/c.

o Two-Way Slab: Reinforcement provided in both directions.

2. Preparatory Work:

• Formwork Installation:

o Install strong formwork with adequate bracing to handle the weight of M45 concrete.
Ensure dimensions match the slab design and that the surface is level.
Apply form- release oil for easy removal after curing.

o Cover Blocks:

o Place cover blocks to maintain: 20–25 mm concrete cover for reinforcement bars.

o Site Cleaning: Clean the area to remove debris, oil, or other contaminants.

3. Reinforcement Placement:

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• Bottom Reinforcement:

o Lay 10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm c/c spacing in the primary direction.

Bend alternate bars upwards at L/5 distance from the support.

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 3. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

3.1 CEMENT (ULTRATECH CEMENT)

Cement was first discovered by an English brick layer named Joseph Aspdin in 1824.
He called it Portland cement for the reason that the cement he discovered resembled
the limestone found in Portland. There are many other types of cement. The
approximate composition of Portland cement is given below.

The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste. This paste
first sets i.e. it becomes firms and then hardens due to chemical reaction, called
hydration, between the cement and water. On setting & hardening, the cement binds
the aggregate together into a stone like hard mass & thus provides strength, durability
& water-tighten to the concrete. Quality of cement is based on grade of cement. There
are different types of Grade which use in construction work. These are given below.

• 33 Grade OPC is used for general construction works like plastering and finishing
works in normal environmental conditions. However, its use is virtually phased out
today.

• Coming to the 43 Grade OPC, it is the most commonly used grade for home
construction. It has its applications in plastering, finishing works, precast items,
foundations, brick work, and compound wall and so on. It has more strength
development than the 33 Grade cement.

• 53 Grade OPC develops strength very fast. High rise building constructions use 53
grade cement. This is applicable for use in structures where high-Grade concrete is
required. We used Portland cement of 43 grades (ULTRATECH CEMENT) at the
construction site CHANDRAPUR, detail of this cement is
The cost of cement per beg = 285 rupees
The initial setting time of cement = 30 minutes (1/2 hr)
The final setting time of cement = 10 hrs. We used this cement in different works at
site like plastering, brick masonry, finishing work, foundation work etc.

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 3.2 AGGREGATES

Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size and shapes. Neat cement is very rarely
used in construction works since it is liable to shrink too much and become cracks on setting. Moreover,
it will be costly to use neat cement in construction work. Therefore cement is mixed with some inert
strong & durable hard materials. They also reduce the cost of concrete because they are comparative
much cheaper as cement. There are two types of aggregates.

1.Fine Aggregate
2.Coarse Aggregate

FINE AGGREGATE (SAND)

The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 75 micron (.075mm) I.S.
sieve is known as fine aggregate.

FUNCTION OF FINE AGGREGATE: The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill
up the voids existing in the coarse aggregate and to obtain a dense and strong concrete with less quantity
of cement and increase the workability of the concrete mix.

COARSE AGGREGATE: The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm I.S. sieve and entirely retain on
4.75 I.S. sieve is known as coarse aggregates.).

FUNCTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE: The coarse aggregates are used in mixing of concrete. It is
mixed cement, sand with water. These aggregates increase the strength of bonding in aggregates. Coarse
aggregates are used in construction of plan cement concrete (PCC), foundation, beams and columns etc.

At the site contractor used coarse aggregate of size 10mm & 20mm which was graded and checked their
strength and flackiness index etc. and many tests performed on aggregates for size, shape, texture, strength,
and many other tests like los angeles, impact value test, specific gravity etc. were performed.

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3.3 REINFORCEMENT
The material which is used to develops a good bond with concrete in order to increase its tensile
strength is known as reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment,
torsion. So steel bars are used as reinforcement.

FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT:
Reinforcement works as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and week
in tension so reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the site
contractor was using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars
of diameter 8 mm, 10 mm,12mm, 16 mm, & 25 mm as per requirement of design in column,
beams, slabs.
Reinforcement combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel,
allowing structures to withstand stresses over greater distances. This helps buildings and
infrastructure handle loads over time, and can make them safer, more durable, and more resistant
to
earthquakes. Reinforcement can also help prevent or reduce damage from aging or structural
weaknesses, and extend the life of structures. 550D Grade of steel is used.

Reinforcement

3.4 WATER:

It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines with cement and forms a binding
paste. The paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse aggregate bringing them
into close adhesion. We should check pH value of water, TDS, sodium potassium carbonate and
bicarbonates, chloride content, calcium chloride, sodium sulphide, sodium hydroxide and should
be perform various tests before using it in construction work. In our project source of water is a
tube well which is already there in construction site. The quality of water is good for purpose of
construction work and can be used for drinking purpose also.

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3.5 FORMWORK:
In that particular site steel formwork are used, Steel formwork is a type of formwork used in
concrete construction, made from steel sheets or plates. Here are some basic details about steel
formwork:
1. Components of Steel Formwork
• Panels: Made of steel sheets reinforced with steel ribs, used to form the mold's face.
• Supports/Props: Adjustable steel props or scaffolding supports the formwork.
• Clamps and Bolts: Connect and secure panels together.
• Braces: Steel bars or angles used to maintain stability and prevent deformation.
• Tie Rods: Used to hold opposite sides of the formwork in position and resist concrete
pressure.
• Wedges and Pins: Used to tighten and secure joints.
• Shuttering Plates: Flat sheets used to form the base or walls of the mold.
• Release Agents: Chemicals applied on the steel surface to prevent concrete from sticking.

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4.MATERIAL TESTING

4.1 TESTS OF AGGREGATES:

Below are some of the important test which are perform on aggregates at every construction site
to check the quality of the aggregate for better construction and fulfil the requirement of the client.
1. Crushing Test
2. Impact Test

4.1.1 CRUSHING STRENGTH TEST:

Standard: IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete Part IV Mechanical
Properties. Equipment used: • Steel Cylinder • Sieves (12.5mm,10mm) • Cylindrical metal
measure • Tamping Rod • Balance (0-10kg) • Oven (3000c) • Compression testing Machine
(2000KN) .
Procedure:
1. The cylindrical steel cup is filled with 3 equal layers of aggregate and each layer is tamped 25
strokes by the rounded end of tamping rod and the surplus aggregate struck off, using the
tamping rod as a straight edge.
2. .The net weight of aggregate in the cylindrical steel cup is determined to the nearest gram
(WA) and this weight of aggregate is used for the duplicate test on the same material.
3. The cup is fixed firmly in position on the base of the machine and the whole of the test sample
is added in thirds, each third being subjected to 25stokes from tamping rod.
4. The surface is leveled and the plunger is inserted so that it rests horizontally on the surface.
The whole assembly is then placed between the platens of testing machine and loaded at a
uniform rate so as to reach a load of 40 tones in 10 minutes.
5. The load is then released and all aggregate is removed from the cup and sieved on 2.36 mm
IS sieve until no further significant amount passes in one minute.
6. The fraction passing the sieve is weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 g (WB). Aggregate Crushing
Value: (WB/WA) *100

4.1.2 IMPACT TEST:

Standard: IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963
Equipment’s used:
The equipment’s as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963 consists of:
1. A testing machine weighing 45 to 60 kg and having a metal base with a painted lower
surface of not less than 30 cm in diameter. It is supported on level and plane concrete floor of
minimum 45 cm thickness. The machine should also have provisions for fixing its base.

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 2. A cylindrical steel cup of internal diameter 102 mm, depth 50 mm and minimum Thickness
6.3 mm.
3. A metal hammer or top weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg the lower end being cylindrical in shape,
50 mm long, 100.0 mm in diameter, with a 2 mm chamfer at the lower edge and case
hardened. The hammer should slide freely between vertical guides and be concentric with
the cup. Free fall of hammer should be within 380±5 mm.
4. A cylindrical metal measure having internal diameter 75 mm and depth 50 mm.
5. For measuring aggregates.
6. Tamping rod 10 mm in diameter and 230 mm long, rounded at one end.
7. A balance of capacity not less than 500g, readable and accurate up to 0.1 g.
Procedure:
The test sample consists of aggregates sized 10.0 mm 12.5 mm. Aggregates may be dried by
heating at 100-110° C for a period of 4 hours and cooled.
i. Sieve the material through 12.5 mm and 10.0mm IS sieves. The aggregates Passing
through 12.5mm sieve and retained on 10.0mm sieve comprises the test material.
ii. Pour the aggregates to fill about just 1/3 rd depth of measuring cylinder.
iii. Compact the material by giving 25 gentle blows with the rounded end of the tamping rod.
iv. Add two more layers in similar manner, so that cylinder is full.
v. Strike off the surplus aggregates.
vi. Determine the net weight of the aggregates to the nearest gram (W).
vii. Bring the impact machine to rest without wedging or packing up on the level plate, block
or floor, so that it is rigid and the hammer guide columns are vertical.
viii. Fix the cup firmly in position on the base of machine and place whole of the test sample
in it and compact by giving 25 gentle strokes with tamping rod.
ix. Raise the hammer until its lower face is 380 mm above the surface of aggregate sample
in the cup and allow it to fall freely on the aggregate sample. Give 15 such blows at an
interval of not less than one second between successive falls.
x. Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36 mm IS sieves until
no further significant amount passes in one minute. Weigh the fraction passing the sieve
to an accuracy of 1 gm. Also, weigh the fraction retained in the sieve.
Observations:
Description Sample1 Sample2
Total weight of dry sample ( W1 gm)
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm sieve (W2 gm)
Aggregate Impact Value (percent) = W2 / W1X 100

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4.2 TESTS OF CONCRETE:
Below are some of the concrete test which are perform on concrete at site and laboratory.
1. Compressive Strength Test.
3. Slump Test.

4.2.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST:

Standard: IS: 516-1959 – Methods of tests for strength of concrete.
Equipment’s used:
Compression testing machine (2000 KN)
Curing tank/Accelerated curing tank
Balance (0-10 Kg)
Representative samples of concrete shall be taken and used for casting cubes 15
cm x 15 cm x 15 cm or cylindrical specimens of 15 cm dia. x 30 cm long.
Procedure:
1. The concrete shall be filled into the moulds in layers approximately 5 cm deep. It would
be distributed evenly and compacted either by vibration or by hand tamping. After the top
layer has been compacted, the surface of concrete shall be finished level with the top of the
mould using a trowel; and covered with a glass plate to prevent evaporation.
2. The specimen shall be stored at site for 24+ ½ h under damp matting or sack. After that,
the samples shall be stored in clean water at 27+20C; until the time of test. The ends of all
cylindrical specimens that are not plane within 0.05 mm shall be capped.
3. Just prior to testing, the cylindrical specimen shall be capped with Sulphur mixture
comprising 3 parts Sulphur to 1 part of inert filler such as fire clay.
4. Specimen shall be tested immediately on removal from water and while they are still in
wet condition.
5. The bearing surface of the testing specimen shall be wiped clean and any loose material
removed from the surface. In the case of cubes, the specimen shall be placed in the machine
in such a manner that the load cube as cast, that is, not to the top and bottom.
6. Align the axis of the specimen with the steel plates, do not use any packing.
7. The load shall be applied slowly without shock and increased continuously at a rate of
approximately 140 kg/sq.cm/min until the resistance of the specimen to the increased load
breaks down and no greater load can be sustained. The maximum load applied to the
specimen shall then be recorded and any unusual features noted at the time of failure
brought out in the report.
8. Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = Wf / A.

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4.2.2 SLUMP TEST:
• Equipment’s used:
• Slump cone,
• Scale for measurement,
• Temping rod (steel)

Procedure:
1. The mold for the slump test is a frustum of a cone, 300 mm (12 in) of height. The base is
200 mm (8in) in diameter and it has a smaller opening at the top of 100 mm (4 in).
2. The base is placed on a smooth surface and the container is filled with concrete in three
layers, whose workability is to be tested .
3. Each layer is temped 25 times with a standard 16 mm (5/8 in) diameter steel rod, rounded
at the end.
4. When the mold is completely filled with concrete, the top surface is struck off (leveled with
mould top opening) by means of screening and rolling motion of the temping rod.
5. The mould must be firmly held against its base during the entire operation so that it could
not move due to the pouring of concrete and this can be done by means of handles or foot
- rests brazed to the mould.
6. Immediately after filling is completed and the concrete is leveled, the cone is slowly. and
carefully lifted vertically, an unsupported concrete will now slump.
7. The decrease in the height of the center of the slumped concrete is called slump.
8. The slump is measured by placing the cone just besides the slump concrete and the temping
rod is placed over the cone so that it should also come over the area of slumped concrete.
9. The decrease in height of concrete to that of mould is noted with scale. (Usually measured
to the nearest 5 mm (1/4 in).

5.EQUIPMENTS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

After telling us about the material and their ratio used in construction work we get information
about the equipment used their uses. Detail about the equipment mostly used in construction work
is given following.
5.1 BATCHING MACHINE:
The measurement of materials for making concrete is known as batching. The machines which
used for batching is known as batching machine.
5.2 CONCRETE MIXER: This is a power mechanically operated machine which is used to mix
the concrete. It consists a hollow cylindrical part with inner side wings. In which cement, sand,
aggregates and water is mix properly.

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5.3 TRANSPORTATION:
The process of carrying the concrete mix from the place of it’s mixing to final position of
deposition is termed as transportation of concrete. There are many methods of transportation as
mentioned below- Transport of concrete by pans Transport of concrete by wheel barrows
Transport of concrete by tipping Lorries Transport of concrete by pumps Transport of concrete
by belt conveyors At this site belt conveyors were used.

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5.4 COMPACTORS:
When the concrete has been placed, it shows a very loose structure. We used dense concrete for
construction work, because it have more strength than loose concrete so compaction after placing
of concrete is necessary. Hence, it must be compacted to remove the air bubbles and voids so as
to make it dense and solid concrete to obtain a high strength. There are two method- of
compaction.
1. Manual compaction
2. Mechanical compaction
There are four types of mechanical vibrators which are used in concrete compaction.
Types of Concrete Vibrators
1. Immersion or needle vibrator
2. Extended or shutter vibrator
3. Surface Vibrator
4. Vibrating table
Generally in large projects mechanical compactors are used . There are various mechanical
compactors which uses according to requirement as needle and screed vibrators needed to
compact the column and floor respectively.

At our construction site mainly 2 vibrators are used for compaction which was needle vibrator
and surface vibrator.

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6.WORK ASSIGNED

❖ Calculation of BBS.
❖ Calculation of builtup area
❖ Calculation of concrete for Column, Slab.
❖ Checking out the dimension of Column and Slab.
❖ Checking out the spacing, measurement of stirrup.
❖ We have to manage labour.
❖ Proper Clear cover is provided or not.
❖ Fixing Shuttering Properly Around of column.

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7.CONCLUSION
As an undergraduate of the Ballarpur Institute Of Technology Bamni, Chandrapur, I would
like to say that this internship training program is an excellent opportunity for us to get to the
ground level and experience the things that we would have never gained through going straight
into a job. I am grateful to BIT Civil Department Bamni, Chandrapur, Maharashtra for giving
us this wonderful opportunity.
My one-month internship experience has been incredibly enriching and enlightening,
surpassing my expectations in every way. I have gained invaluable hands-on experience in the
construction field, working on real-world projects and contributing to the development of
innovative solutions. The opportunity to work alongside experienced professionals in the field
has been a game-changer, allowing me to learn from the best and gain new insights into the
industry. Throughout my internship, I have developed a deeper understanding of the
construction process, including the importance of BBS,material testing, and quality control
measures. I have also gained a deeper appreciation for the Maharshi Karve Women’s
Empowerment Complex, SNDTW UNIVERSITY landscape and the role that construction
plays in shaping our built environment.
I am grateful for the unwavering support and guidance provided by Public Work Department,
Chandrapur and KMV Project Ltd. colleagues, who have trusted me with significant
responsibilities and encouraged me to push beyond my comfort zone. This experience has not
only enhanced my practical skills but also helped me develop essential soft skills such as
teamwork, communication, time management, and problem-solving.
As I move forward, I am confident that the skills and knowledge gained during this internship
will benefit me in my future academic and professional pursuits. I am excited to apply these
skills in real-world settings and continue to learn and grow as a professional. Overall, this
internship has been a transformative experience that has shaped my perspective and prepared
me for a successful career in construction.

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