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VIJAYANAGAR & BAHMANI KINGDOM
ECONOMY
1. Sist → Land tax 4. Kuruvai → Type of rice
2. Perta → Half a varaha 5. Pettai → Commercial centres
3. Fanam → 1/10th a perta 6. Kudirai chettis → Horse merchants
ADMINISTRATION & MILITARY
1. Mandalams → Provinces 7. Ayagars → Village functionaries
2. Nadus → Districts 8. Amaram → Territory under military chiefs
3. Gramas → Villages 9. Mahapradhani → Chief minister
4. Gauda → Village headmen 10. Vassal → Guard of the palace
5. Naik → Governor administering the provinc 11. Vijaya Mahal → House of victory → KDR
6. Amara → Largest category of villages
SOCIETY & CULTURE
1. Viprulu → Brahmins 6. Besabaga → Forced labour
2. Rajulu → Kshatriya 7. Sahagamana → Sati
3. Nalavajativaru → Shudras 8. Mandapa → Open pavilion with raised platform
4. Vipravinodins → Artisans 9. Amman Shrine → Subsidiary shrine
5. Kaikolls → Weavers dedicated to consort of a male deity
BHAKTI MOVEMENT
1. Alwars → Devotees of Vishnu → Nalayira 6. Vishishta Advaita → Non dualistic Brahman
Divyaprabandham alone exists → Ramanujacharya
2. Nayanars → Devotees of Shiva → Tevarams 7. Advaita Vedanta → True self is identical to
3. Shuddha Advaita → Absolute union → Brahman → Shankaracharya
Vallabhacharya 8. Ekasarana → Worship of one God →
4. Dvaita → World real, not illusion → Madhvacharya Shankardeva
5. Dwita Advaita → Balance between Advaita 9. Vithoba → Manifestation of Lord Vishnu
& Visishtadvaita → Nimbarka
MUGHAL EMPIRE
ECONOMY
1. Hundi → Letter of credit 6. Naqdi → Paid in cash
2. Dam → Silver coins 7. Khud-kashta → Residents of village in which
3. Banik → Local traders they held their lands
4. Patta → Title deed 8. Pahi-kashta → Non resident cultivators
5. Zabti → Based on yield of crops
ToppersNotes / 9614-828-828 1
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ADMINISTRATION & MILITARY
1. Amin → Land revenue 10. Sarkars → Districts
2. Fotedar → Treasurer 11. Parganas → Group of villages
3. Muhtasib → Regulator of moral character 12. Faujdars → Military commanders
4. Zanjir-i-Adal → Chain of justice 13. Bakshi → Organized the army within the
5. Muqaddam → Headmen province
6. Patwari → Accountant 14. Barid → Intelligence
7. Diwan-i-Saman → In charge of royal household 15. Ahadis → Gentlemen troopers
8. Diwan-i-insha → Custodian of papers 16. Khasa Kail → Personal royal force
9. Diwan-i-kul → Council of ministers maintained by Sher Shah
SOCIETY & CULTURE
1. Ibadat Khana → House of worship 3. Tuladan → Weighing of the emperor
2. Din Ilahi → Divine religion by Akbar 4. Sulh-i-kul → Universal peace
DELHI SULTANATE
ECONOMY
1. Tankas → Silver coins 11. Khams → Booty captured in war
2. Dinars → Gold coins 12. Sondhar → Loan given to peasants
3. Jittal → Copper coins 13. Zakat → Religious tax paid by muslims as
4. Abwabs → Cesses charity
5. Ghari → House tax 14. Amil → Revenue officer
6. Charai → Pasture tax 15. Kharaj → Land revenue realised from non-
7. Chungi-i-galla → Tax on grain muslims
8. Haque-i-sharb → Water tax 16. Majmuadar → Keeper of loans & balances
9. Sara-i-adal → Open market from treasury
10. Ushr → Land tax on land held by muslim 17. Taccavi loans → Loans for cultivation
ADMINISTRATION & MILITARY
1. Diwani Ariz → Military department → Ariz-i- 6. Diwan-i-riyasat → Department of commerce
mumalik (head) 7. Diwan-i-ishtiaq → Department of pensions
2. Diwan-i-Risalat → Department of religious 8. Diwan-i-bandagan → Department of slaves
affairs 9. Diwan-i-khairat → Department of charity
3. Diwan-i-Insha → Department of correspondence 10. Diwan-i-mustakharaj → Department of arrears
4. Diwan-i-kohi → Agricultural department 11. Barid-i-mumalik → Head of state news agency
5. Diwan-i-wizarat → Department of finance
ToppersNotes / 9614-828-828 2
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12. Dahir-i-mumalik → Head of royal 19. Paibos → Kissing the feet of monarch
correspondence 20. Dar-ul-shifa → Hospital
13. Shahna-i-pil → Superintendent of royal 21. Zil-i-illahi → Shadow of God
elephants 22. Dagh → Branding of horses
14. Iqta → Province → Muqti or wali 23. Chehra → Descriptive roll of soldiers
15. Shiq → District → Siqdar 24. Khalisa → Land controlled by the king
16. Paragana → Taluka → Chaudhary & Amil 25. Muhtasib → Officer for law & order
17. Gram → Village → Muqaddam 26. Sadr-us-sudur → With religious matters
18. Sijda → Prostration before the monarch
CHOLAS
ECONOMY
1. Valanjiyar → Merchant guilds 8. Kuli, Veli, Patti → Units of land measurement
2. Nanadesis → Merchant guild 9. Kudimai → Paid by cultivating tenants to
3. Vellala → Agriculturists governments and landlords
4. Naduvagaiseykira → Surveyors of land 10. Opati → Taxes levied by kings and local chiefs
5. Shalabhoga → Land for maintenance of a 11. Iraikattina-nellu → Tax paid in kind
school 12. Eriayam → Tax collected by village assemblies
6. Pallichchhandam → Land donated to jaina utilised for repairing irrigation tanks
institutions 13. Mani-gramattar → Merchant guilds
7. Devadana → Land gifted to temples
14. Agrahara → Villages granted to Brahmins
ADMINISTRATION & MILITARY
1. Mandalams → Province 7. Velaikkarars → Person troop to defend the
2. Valanadu → Commissionary king
3. Nadu → District 8. Nilaippadai → Army cantonments
4. Kurram → A group of villages 9. Kudavolai system → Ancient electoral
5. Vimana → A tall pyramidal tower system among cholas
6. Kaikkolaperumpadai → Royal troops 10. Variyapperumakkal → Committee members
SOCIETY & CULTURE
1. Devadasi system → Dancing girls 3. Navakandam → Form of martial suicide
associated with temples 4. Ur-nattam → Residential portion of the
2. Silambam → Martial art form village
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