Class 10th

COMPUTER
NOTES

BY Mustafa shahid
St. Francis Grammar School
 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
(UNIT #7) By: Mustafa Shahid

============================SHORT QUESTIONS============================
Q.No.1 Differentiate between website and Web server.
Website:
• A website is a collection of related Web pages hosted on a Web server.
• It is accessible through an internet address known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
• A URL is typed in Web browser and ENTER button is pressed to view it.
Web Server:
• A Web server is a computer that makes Web pages available through the internet.
• Web servers are used to host websites, data storage and for running applications.
• Web servers deliver HTML documents when a user types a URL in browser.
• Any computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server software and connecting it to
the Internet.

Q.No.2 Describe how a search engine is used for searching information on the Internet.
Search Engine:
A search engine is a website or software that allows people to find information on the World Wide Web
(WWW).
Use of Search Engine:
• Finding exactly what the user is looking for is not easy from billions of Web pages.
• Therefore, search engine has been designed to help users find specific information on the Web.
• Users type in one or more keywords in a search engine.
• The search engine will look for matches found from all over the Web.
• User will see the total number of matches found and then the first ten sites that most closely
match the keywords.
• The information shown for each website includes a title and a brief description.
• Most popular search engines are Yahoo! and Google.

Q.No.3 Define URL and Web hosting.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL):
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an Internet address that identifies a website.
Web Hosting:
Web Hosting is a service that uploads a website on a Web server and makes it available for computer
users.

Q.No.4 Describe HTML.

• HTML is a mark-up language use to create Web pages.
• A browser such as internet Explorer or Google Chrome is used to read HTML document and
display it on the screen as Web pages.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
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Q.No.5 Hypertext Mark-Up Language:

• HTML stands for Hypertext Mark-up Language.
• It is called mark-up language because it uses mark-up tags that tell the Web browser how to
display the Web page.
• It is the language of Internet's World Wide Web.
• Websites and Web pages are written in HTML.
• It is used to create hypertext documents that bring together text, pictures, sounds, video clips and
links all in one place.
• HTML files are plain text files, so they can be created using a simple editor such as Notepad or
WordPad.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
(UNIT #7) By: Mustafa Shahid

============================LONG QUESTIONS============================
Q.No.1 Describe any four types of websites.
1) Web Portals:
• Web portal is a website that offers a large variety of services.
• These include online shopping malls, news, stock prices, e-mail, search engines, etc.
• For example, a school Web portal delivers information about the school's historical background,
admission requirements, school curriculum, tuition fees structure, school news, student results,
etc.
2) News Websites:
• News websites provide information about current events and opinions.
• These sites publish news stories and let their visitor's voice be heard.
• These sites provide their visitors a way to get their thoughts and views published.
• Very often at the end of news stories, visitors are asked to share their experience or knowledge
about the topic.
• Therefore, a link for the readers comment is provided for feedback.
• For example, www.paktribune.com, www.dailytimes.com etc.
3) Information Websites:
• Information websites provide information on any topic in the form of text, graphics, sounds and
videos.
• For example, www.wikipedia.org is an informational website that provides information on
thousands of articles.
• It allows users to contribute and edit articles as well.
4) Educational Websites:
• Educational websites are created for educational purpose.
• These sites contain animation, slide presentation and tutorials to educate people on various
topics, information is presented in a very well-organized way.
• The purpose of any educational website is to impart knowledge to people who are looking for
better understanding of a topic and pursue knowledge.

Q.No.2 Write the HTML tags for the following?

(i) Paragraph (vii) Center text
(ii) Heading (viii) Strike out
(iii) Bold (ix) Superscript
(iv) Underline (x) Subscript
(v) Italic (xi) Font size, color and typeface
(vi) Inserting Line Breaks (xii) Inserting Spaces
i) Paragraph:
The <p></p> tags are used to define paragraph. HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before
and after a paragraph.
ii) Heading:
There are six heading tags, <h1></h1> to <h6></h6>. The <h1></h1> tags are used to specify the
largest heading and <h6></h6> tags specify the smallest.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
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iii) Bold:
Bold <b></b>
These tags will make the text bold that is within the tags.
For example: <b>Chapter 5 Output Devices</b>
iv) Underline:
Underline <u></u>
These tags will underline the text that is within the tags.
For example: <u>Please Note:</u>
v) Italic:
Italic <i></i>
These tags are used to make the text italic that is within those tags.
For Example: <i>I Love Pakistan</i>
vi) Center text:
Center <center></center>
These tags will make the text centered that is within the tags, the text will appear in the middle of the left
and right margins.
For example: <center>UNIT 2 PROGRAMMING IN C</center>
vii) Strike out:
Strike out<strike></strike>
These tags will put a line right through the center of the text that is within the tags.
This is known as strike-out.
For Example: <strike>Obsolete Computer Devices</strike>
viii) Superscript:
Superscript 
These tags are used to convert the text to superscript that is within the tags.
For example: X_Y
ix) Subscript:
Subscript 
These tags are used to convert the text to subscript that is within the tags.
For example: X₅
x) Font size, color and typeface:
Font Size<font size=?></font>
These tags are used to change the font size. Replace the? symbol with a number in the range 1 to 7. One
is the smallest and seven is the largest font size.
For example: <font size=3><Types of Computers</font>
Font Color <font color=?></font>
These tags are used to change the color of text that is within the tags. Replace the ? symbol with color
such as black, blue, brown, gray, green, maroon, orange, pink, red, white, yellow, etc.
For example: <font color=red> <Laptop Computer</font> Result: Laptop Computer

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
(UNIT #7) By: Mustafa Shahid

Font Face <font face=?></font>

These tags are used to change the font face of text that is within the tags. Replace the? Symbol with font
face such as arial, courier, Calibri, new times roman, etc.
For example: <font face=arial>FORMATTING TAGS</font>
xi) Inserting Line Breaks:
The <br> tag is line break tag. It is used to end a line wherever it is placed and it does not have a closing
tag.
xii) Inserting Spaces:
Very often, spaces are needed in HTML documents. If the user inserts more than one space anywhere in
a document, the browser will show only one space, rest of the spaces will be truncated. If the user wants
to have many spaces in a HTML document, then the &nbsp character entity must be used. Some
characters have special meaning in HTML, like &nbsp (non-breaking space) and <, these are known as
character entities.

Q.No.3 Describe how background color and image are applied to Web page.
To apply a background color in a page, insert the background color attribute and for foreground color,
insert text attribute in the <body> tag.
Applying Background Image:
An image can be set as background of a page using the background attribute in the <body> tag.
<body background="image.jpg">
If the image is smaller than the browser window then it will repeat itself till the entire window is filled.

Q.No.4 Create an HTML document that contains a graphical hyperlink.

Creating a Graphical Hyperlink:
The syntax for creating a graphical hyperlink to another Web page is
<a href="url"><image scr="name of image file> </a>
For example:
<a href=http://www.fbise.edu.pk><img src="image.jpg"></a>
It will display the image.jpg image file in the browser window. When the reader moves the mouse
pointer over the image, it will change to a small hand and clicking on the image will open the Federal
Board website that has the URL www.fbise.edu.pk.

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 COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 10TH CLASS
(UNIT #7) By: Mustafa Shahid

Q.No.5 Describe the tags used for creating a table in HTML.

Tables are very often used in Web pages to present information I am organized manner which is easy to
read and understand by the user.
A table consists of rows and columns.
The following tags are used for creating a table.
<table></table>:
These tags are used to create a table.
<tr></tr>:
These tags define a row.
<td></td>:
These tags define data cell.
Column of each row is called data cell. data cell can contain text, image, paragraph, etc.
The HTML document for creating the following table (Fig.) for date sheet of examination is shown in
Fig. This table has 5 rows and 4 columns.
In the HTML document of Fig, The tag
<table border=1 cell spacing=3 cellpadding=8>
It tells the browser to display the table with border and to have cell spacing equal to 3 pixels and
cellpadding to 8 pixels. Cell spacing is the space between the cells of the table and cell padding is the
space between the text and the border of the cell.
The space between the cells and also the space between the text and the border of the cells has decreased
to default values.
In the HTML document, the code for creating
row is given as below.
<tr>
<td>S.No</td>
<td>Date</td>
<td>Class IX</td> <td>Class X</td>
</tr>
heading of each column of second
The text of all the four cells of second row is within the <tr> </tr> tags and the text of each cell is within
the <td></td> tags. The text of the next three rows is also defined in the same way.
The code for the first row that contains the title is:
<tr>
<td colspan=4 align=center>
<b>FINAL EXAMINATIONS 2011-2012</b></td> </tr>
Here, the colspan attribute is used to combine the four columns and the align attribute centers the table.
The user can also use the rowspan attribute to combine the cells of rows of a table. The align attribute is
used to align the title in the center of the row. Title can also be aligned to the left or right.

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