Cervical Cancer
Nursing in Childbearing and
Reproductive Health
Presented by Group 3:
Aryam Zaid - 2111160
Razan Mastour - 2111404
Sara Mater - 2111319
Waad Shami - 2111428
Ghadi khalid - 2111150
Outline
In this presentation we will discuss the following:
Cervical cancer definition
Cervical cancer types and stages
Signs and symptoms
Medical and nursing interventions
Prevention
Instructor : University of Jeddah
Dr.Hala Yasin nursing department
01
What is Cervical cancer?
Cancer of the cervix
a kind of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix
(the cervix is the entrance to the uterus from the vagina)
The fourth most common cancer although death from cervical
cancer is not common. It has mortality rate of 13.3/100 000 in
2020
Mostly associated with a high risk infection diseases like HIV
and HPV along with other risk factors. 99% of cervical cancer
are linked to human papillomaviruses (HPV), this (HPV) virus
infections are
- Extremely common.
- Sexually contact transmitted.
- Has no symptoms in early stages.
- Clear up on their own.
Women with
HIV HPV
- HIV patients are 6 times - More than 95% Of cervical
more likely to develop cancer cases are HPV
cervical cancer than related.
women without .
- HPV is highly curable.
However, if becomes
chronic, it may progress to
invasive cervical cancer.
Other Risk Factors may lead to cervical cancer
● Chronic cervical infection
● Early childbearing
● Family history of cervical cancer
● Prolonged use of oral contraceptives
● Sexual contact with men whose partners have had cervical cancer
● Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
● Nutritional deficiencies
● Sexual activity: Multiple sex partners, Early age less than 20 years
at first coitus which exposes the vulnerable young cervix to
potential viruses from a partner
02
Cervical cancer types and stages
Types of cervical cancer
Cervical cancers are classified by how they look in the labs under a microscope
Squamous cell adenocarcinoma
carcinoma
● Most common type ● More difficult to
of cervical cancers. diagnose; because it
occurs higher up in
the cervix
● Develop from ● Develop from
squamous cells in the glandular cells in the
exocervix ( endocervix
ectocervix )
Stages of cervical cancer
03
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleeding: Vaginal discharge:
● Early on in course of disease
● Post - coital bleeding, more frequent and
spontaneous as disease progresses. ● Watery, red/brown
● Heavy menstrual bleeding ,intermenstrual ● May become malodorous
bleeding , post - menopause.
Vaginal discomfort: Pelvic pain:
● Pain , discomfort , irritation.
● Pain from cancer impinging on
local nerves.
● Pain during intercourse
(dyspareunia).
● May be due to extension of
cervical cancer into the pelvis
● Due to extension of cervical cancer
(pelvic wall).
into the vagina.
Back pain: Weight loss:
● May occur if cancer extends into ● Unexplained.
or past true pelvis.
04
Medical and Nursing Interventions
Medical and Nursing Interventions
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on several factors, such as:
- The stage of the cancer.
- Other health problems they may have.
● Medical Intervention:
- Surgical Removal.
- Radiation Therapy.
- Chemotherapy.
● Surgery:
Early-stage cervical cancer is typically treated with surgery. will depend on the
size of the cancer, its stage and whether the patient would like to consider
becoming pregnant in the future.
1 2 3
Surgery to cut Surgery to remove Surgery to remove the
away the the cervix cervix and uterus
cancer only. (trachelectomy). (hysterectomy).
● Radiation Therapy:
- Radiation therapy uses high - powered energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to
kill cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy is often combined with chemotherapy as the primary treatment for
locally advanced cervical cancers.
- It can also be used after surgery if there's an increased risk that the cancer will come
back.
● Radiation therapy can be given:
- Externally, by directing a radiation
beam at the affected area of the
body.
- Internally, by placing a device
filled with radioactive material
inside the vagina.
● Chemotherapy:
For the treatment of cervical cancer , chemotherapy is usually combined
with radiation therapy. For cancer that has spread to distant organs,
chemotherapy alone may be used.
- Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
- The drugs for cervical cancer are usually given through a vein
( intravenous ).
- May receive chemotherapy in a clinic, at the doctor's office ,
or at home.
- Some women need to stay in the hospital during treatment .
● Nursing intervention:
- Avoid lifting, straining, sexual intercourse, or driving until advised by physician.
- Report vaginal discharge, foul odor, excessive bleeding, leg redness or pain, or elevated
temperature to health care professional promptly.
- Instruct patient to check surgical incision daily and report redness, purulent drainage,
or discharge.
- Apply heat to abdomen or insert a rectal tube if prescribed for abdominal distention.
- Explain that depression and heightened emotional sensitivity are expected because of
upset hormonal balances.
- Assess the intensity of the patient’s pain and administer analgesics.
- Assessing fluid and electrolyte balance.
05
Prevention
How to Prevent Cervical Cancer:
1- HPV Vaccination:
HPV vaccination prevents new HPV infections, but does
not treat existing infections or diseases. This is why the
HPV vaccine works best when given before any
exposure to HPV.
2- Smoking Cessation:
3- Diet:
Research shows that a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintenance
of a healthy weight, and regular physical activity can reduce the risk of
cervical cancer.
4- Check-Ups and Screening:
● The Pap test (or Pap smear) looks for precancers,
cell changes on the cervix that might become
cervical cancer if they are not treated
appropriately.
● The HPV test looks for the virus (human
papillomavirus) that can cause these cell changes.
You should get screened for cervical cancer regularly,
even if you received an HPV vaccine.
References
● Janice L, Kerry H. (2018). Textbook of medical surgical nursing. 14th ed. Wolters Kluwer
● WHO. (2022). Cervical cancer. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
● https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/types
● https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/staged.html
● https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352
501
● BRUNNER & SUDDARTH’S TEXTBOOK OF Medical-Surgical Nursing 14TH EDITION
● https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/basic_info/prevention.htm
● https://www.verywellhealth.com/cervical-cancer-prevention-513831
● https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/cervical-cancer
Thank you for listening
