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Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer originates from the cervix and is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk types like HPV 16 and 18. The document outlines the anatomy of the cervix, risk factors, pathophysiology, classification, symptoms, screening methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies, including the importance of Pap smears and HPV vaccination. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing cervical cancer effectively.

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william atmadji
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7 views18 pages

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer originates from the cervix and is primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly high-risk types like HPV 16 and 18. The document outlines the anatomy of the cervix, risk factors, pathophysiology, classification, symptoms, screening methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies, including the importance of Pap smears and HPV vaccination. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing cervical cancer effectively.

Uploaded by

william atmadji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICAL

ER V Atmadji

C NCER
illiam
By W

C A
S CERVICAL CAN
AT I CER
WH ?
DEFINISI
CERVICAL CANCER

A cancer that originates


from the cervix

One of the most common Usually result of infection by


cancer in women HPV
HERE IS CERVIX?
W
ANATOMY ‘Neck of Uterus’

Endocervix
Columnar Epithelial Cells

Squamocolumnar Junction
Transformation Zone

Ectocervix
Squamous Epithelial Cells
AT CAUSES THIS?
WH
Human Papilloma Virus

HPV is a common virus that is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. It infects the
skin and mucous membranes, including the cervix.

High-risk HPV types (such as HPV 16 and 18) are


responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases.
RISK FACTOR
No Protection Multiple Sex Partner

HPV CANCER

Type of HPV
Length of infection
Immunocompromised
FECTION CAUSE
S IN CA
OE NC
D ER
OW ?
H
Pathophysiology Human Papilloma Virus

E6
p53
E6 E7
E7

It inserts itself It integrates HPV DNA Expression of viral E6 & E7 protein can block
to the cells into the host DNA oncogenes E6 and E7 Tumor Suppresor Genes
(p53)

Uncontrolled replication
of mature squamous cell
CANCER Resistant to apoptosis
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
→ Dysplasia in the epithelial layer of cervix
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
CLASSIFICATION (CIN)
Dysplasia in the epithelial layer of cervix
Based on how many epithelial cell is involved:

Breakthrough epithelial cell membrane


and spread to neighboring tissue
CLASSIFICATION
FIGO Cervical Cancer Staging
Stage 0:
Carcinoma In Situ / CIN 3

Stage I:
Diagnosed only by microscope

Stage II:
Extension beyond cervix
IIA: Involvement of Vagina
IIB: Parametrial Involvement
Stage III:
Extension to lower third of
vagina, pelvic wall, hydronephrosis.

Stage IV:
IVA: Bladder & rectal mucosa
IVB: Metastasis to distant organ
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
First symptom:
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
If cancer has spread:
Especially after sexual intercourse
Constipation (Rectum)
Bloody Urine (Bladder)
Vaginal Discomfort
Vaginal Discharge with Unpleasant Smell
Pain when Urinating
SCREENING
Visual Inspection
Acetic Acid

Pap Smear

Biopsy
TREATMENT
Early Disease:
Conization: Some or all of the endocervix is removed surgically
Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus
Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy

stages IA, IB1, IB2 IIA1


stages IB3, IIA2, III, IVA
TREATMENT
Locally Advanced Disease
Chemoradiotherapy: using platinum-based agents
Pelvic extenteration: stage IVA cervical cancer that hasn’t
extended to pelvic side wall
Uterus, vagina, bladder, rectum, lymph node removal

stage IVB
DIstant Metastases:
Palliative radiotherapy
Systemic chemotherapy: to control symptom
PREVENTION
Contributed significantly
to the drop in cases
of cervical cancer worldwide

Pap Smear HPV Vaccine

Pap Smear:
every 5 years for every female,
every 3 years for high risk female age 21-65
Tha n ks fo r
Liste nin g

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