MEETING 8
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
A. Pengertian
Direct and Indirect Speech adalah penggunaan kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung.
Ruang lingkup permasalahannya hanya mengubah suatu kalimat dari langsung
menjadi tak langsung atau sebaliknya.
Direct and Indirect Speech menggunakan kata kutipan (introductory verb)
Kata Kutipan yang digunakan ada dua :
Kutipan present (masa sekarang), seperti say, says, tell, tells, ask,asks,
order,orders.
Kutipan past (masa lalu), seperti said, told, asked, ordered
Ada tiga elemen yang harus diperhatikan bila ingin mengubah dari kalimat langsung
menjadi kalimat tidak langsung yaitu :
Ubah kata ganti (pronoun)
Ubah Keterangan Waktu
Ubah tenses.
B. Jenis Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct and Indirect Speech terdiri atas tiga jenis :
1) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk pernyataan
2) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk pertanyaan
3) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk perintah dan larangan
1) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk pernyataan
Pola kalimat bentuk pernyataan tergantung kepada kata kutipan yang digunakan
dalam kalimat tersebut.
Jika kalimat langsung menggunakan kutipan present, maka tenses kalimat
langsung tidak berubah.
Contoh :
(D) He explains, “ I will repair the bicycle in the room.”
Kutipan present, tenses nya future
( I ) He explains that he will repair the bicycle in the room.
(Ubah kata ganti, tenses tidak berubah)
Jika kalimat langsung menggunakan kutipan past, maka tenses kalimat langsung
berubah.
Perubahan tenses dari kalimat langsung menjadi tak langsung sebagai berikut :
Direct Indirect
Simple present (V1 / V1 + s/es) Simple past tense (V2 / didn’t + V1)
Present continuous (is/am/are + V ing) Past continuous (was / were + V ing)
Present perfect (Have / has + V3) Past perfect (had + V3)
Present perfect continuous (Have Past perfect continuous
/ has been + V ing) (Had been + V ing)
Direct Indirect
Future (will / shall + V1) Past future (would + V1)
Future continuous (will be + V ing) Past Future continuous (would be + V ing)
Future perfect (will have + V3) Past Future perfect (would have + V3)
Future perfect continuous Past Future perfect continuous
(will have been + V ing) (would have been + V ing)
Simple past tense (V2 / didn’t + V1) Past perfect (had + V3)
Past perfect (had + V3) Tetap Past perfect (had + V3)
Past perfect continuous Tetap Past perfect continuous
(Had been + V ing) (Had been + V ing)
Modal present Modal past
(can, may, must, will, shall) + V1 (could, might, must, would, should) + V1
Oleh karena tenses mengalami perubahan, maka keterangan waktu juga ikut mengalami
perubahan yaitu :
Perubahan Keterangan Waktu :
Direct Indirect
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The next day / the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
Next The following
Ago / Last Before / the previous
Here There
This week That week
This That
These Those
Contoh :
a) He told you, “ I am making a kite now” (D)
He told you that he was making a kite then (I)
b) Fina informed us, “Sinta has bought a new car “ (D)
Fina informed us that Sinta had bought a new car “ (I)
c) They said to us, “ We will visit you next month” (D)
They said to us that they would visit us the following month (I)
d) The police said to the robber, “We have been finding prove to catch you” (D)
The police said to the robber that the police had been finding prove to catch the robber
(I)
Pengecualian :
Ada 4 jenis kalimat langsung yang tidak mengalami perubahan tenses meskipun
menggunakan kutipan past (yang mengalami perubahan hanya pada kata ganti dan
keterangan waktu) yaitu :
1. Kalimat conditional sentence tipe II, past tense pada kalimat subjunctive
Contoh :
She said, “If she were pretty, she would join the beauty contest.” (D)
She said that she were pretty, she would join the beauty contest (I)
He said, “ I would rather the window opened” (D)
He said that he would rather the window opened (I)
2. Kata kerja simple present yang menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth)
Contoh :
She said, “ The sun rises in the east” (D)
She said that the sun rises in the east (I)
He said, “Boiling water is hot” (D)
He said that boiling water is hot (I)
3. Modal bentuk past tense : would, should, had better, used to, might, cold
Contoh :
He said, “I might be sick” (D)
He said that he might be sick (I)
4. Must yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peraturan yang bersifat permanent dan
berlaku umum
Contoh :
He said, “children must respect their parents” (D)
He said that children must respect their parents (I)
Jika must menyatakan suatu ketentuan, biasanya berubah menjadi “had to”
Contoh :
He said, “I must be there by ten” (D)
He said that he had to be there by ten (I)
2) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk pertanyaan
Bentuk pertanyaan terdiri dari yes/no question dan question word (kata Tanya)
Pola kalimat tidak langsung bentuk yes/no question adalah :
If / Whether + Kalimat Pernyataan
Contoh :
He asked them, “Are you waiting at the bus station now?” (D)
He asked them if they were waiting at the bus station then. (I)
He asked him, “Will you finish the work on time?” (D)
He asked him whether he would finish the work on time (I)
Pola kalimat tidak langsung bentuk Question Word adalah :
Question Word + Kalimat Pernyataan
Contoh :
He asked me, “Why did you hit my car yesterday?” (D)
He asked me why I had hit his car that day (I)
They asked us, “Where were you waiting me ?” (D)
They asked us where we had been waiting them (I)
3) Direct and Indirect Speech bentuk perintah dan larangan
Pola kalimat tidak langsung bentuk Perintah adalah :
(+) to + V1 , jika menggunakan kata kerja
(+) to be + KS / KB, jika menggunakan kata sifat / kata benda
Contoh :
He said to me, “Shut the window ! (D)
He said to me to shut the window (I)
They asked her, “ Be a good student ! (D)
They asked her to be a good student (I)
Pola kalimat tidak langsung bentuk Larangan adalah :
(-) Not to + V1 , jika menggunakan kata kerja
(-) Not to be + KS / KB, jika menggunakan kata sifat / kata benda
Contoh :
They asked us, “Don’t make a noise!” (D)
They asked us not to make a noise (I)
He asked me, “Don’t be lazy student !” (D)
He asked me not to be lazy student (I)
Trik Praktis Penyelesaian Soal Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Perhatikan kata kutipan pada kalimat soal
Jika terdapat kutipan present , maka :
Tenses tidak diubah
Kata ganti berubah
Keterangan waktu berubah
Jika terdapat kutipan past , maka :
Tenses berubah
Kata ganti berubah
Keterangan waktu berubah
Pengecualian :
Pada kalimat perintah dan larangan tenses tidak berubah
C. SOAL – SOAL LATIHAN
1) “I’ve been writing letters, “Don Answered.
a. Don answered that he had been writing letters
b. Don answered that he has been writing letters
c. Don answered that he wrote letters
d. Don answered that has writing letters
e. Don answered he has been written letters
2) John said to me, “Why do they go abroad so often ?”
John asked me .
a. if they went abroad so often
b. why they went abroad so often
c. why did they go abroad so often
d. why do they go abroad so often
e. did they go abroad so often
3) Mother warned her they newly painted wall.
a. not touched
b. not to touch
c. do not touch
d. not touching
e. not touch
4) My friend said to me, “Can I find you a hotel ?”
Means .
a. My friend asked me if I could him find a hotel
b. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel
c. My friend said that I could help him find a hotel
d. My fiend asked me to find a hotel for him
e. My friend asked me whether he could help me find a hotel
5) Achmad said to me, “Do you close the windows at night ?”
The indirect speech form is : Achmad asked me at night.
a. that I closed the windows
b. if I closed the windows
c. whether closed the windows
d. when I closed the windows
e. that you closed the windows
6) The librarian asked me .
a. why had I returned the book ?
b. whether I had returned the book
c. when did I returned the book ?
d. that I returned the book
e. where was the book I had returned ?
