DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH I.

STATEMENT
Penghubung : That
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh
si pembicara. Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan
kata that  (bahwa)untuk melaporkan
sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
pengantar (introduce phrase) dan digunakan
kata-kata yang
bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepadadilaporkan orang lain (reported
secara takwords).
langsung.Kalimat-kalimat
  pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :  
I.    Statement (pernyataan) He said
II.   Command (perintah) He said to me                    that + reported words
III.  Question (pertanyaan) He told me
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech   :
e.g  - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
1.        To be & Auxiliary Verbs - Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali
Direct                                       Indirect twice.
Am/is/are                    -             was/were -   Father said “I am going out of town
Shall/will                     -             should/would tomorrow”
Can                             -            could -   Father said that he was going out of town
May                             -            might the following day.
Must/Have/has to       -             had to/Ought to  
  -   Mary told John “my father warned me last
2.        Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat) night”
Direct                                       Indirect -   Mary told John that her father had arned her
now                                 -           then the night before.
tomorrow                         -           the following day  
next week                        -           the following week -   My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
tonight                             -           that night -   My sister said to me that she didn’t like
today                               -           that day tennis.
yesterday                         -           the day before  
last night                          -           the night before -   Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”
last week                         -           the week before / the precious -   Tom
week said that he hadn’t gone to school that
here                                  -           there morning.
this                                   -           that  
these                                -           those Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk
  Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan
3.        Tenses tidak mengalami perubahan.
Direct                                       Indirect e.g  - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
Simple present                   -        simple past - John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
Simple past  -        past perfect  
Present perfect - Past Perfect -   Mary says “I have seen that film”
Present continous              -        past continous -   Mary says that she has seen that film.
Present perfect continous  -        past perfect continous  
Simple future                     -        past future -   My brother says “I met Tom at the party last
  night”
-   My brother says that he met Tom at the
party last night.
 
-   Tom says “I don’t like English”
 -   Tom says that he don’t like English. -  Ira asked tom not to come to her house
again.
 II.      COMMAND  
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu : -  Mothers asked John “Don’t smoke too
1. Positive Command much”
Penghubung : to -  Mother asked John not to smoke too
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di much.
depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan
perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat Direct indirect untuk kebenaran umum (general truth)
pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : tensesnya selalu simple present dan tidak berubah
to + infinitive e.g:
He asked me
He told me
e.g   - He asked me “Open your book”  She said that the sun rises in the east
- He asked me to open my book. (matahari terbit di sebelah timur)
   They said that the sun sets in the west
-  Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane” (matahari tenggelam di sebelah timur)
-  Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.  He said that the earth revolves around the
  sun (bumi beredar mengelilingi matahari)
-  Mother asked John “Pay attention to
what I say” II. QUESTION
-  Mother asked John to pay attention to  Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question)
what she says. menggunakan kata-kata tanya
  seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who,
-  John told Mary “Wait until I come” How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan
-  John told Mary to wait until he comes. sebagai penghubung.
    
-  The teacher said to the students “Be
Positive Form
quiet while I am talking”
 He asked me       where
-  The teacher told the students to be
                  When etc.  
quiet while she is talking.
 e.g   - The man asked me : “Where do you
 
2. Negative Command live ?”
 - The man asked me where I lived.
Penghubung : not to
  
Dalam  perintah negatif kita
 -  John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry
tambahkan not  to di depan perintah yang
dilaporkan. with me ?”
 -  John asked Mary why she got angry with
 
e.g   - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me” him.
  
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
 -  I asked him : “When did you get back from
 
-  I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone” your trip ?”
 -  I asked him when he had got back from his
-  I told him not to mention it to anyone.
  trip.
  
-  Father asked her “Don’t go there alone”
 -  He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
-  Father asked her not to go there alone.
 -  He asked me how I would go there.
 
  
-  Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my
 -  John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
house again”
 -  John asked the girl what her name was.
  
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan IV.   REPORTED SPEECH / MIXED TYPE
kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan (Jenis Gabungan)
dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita
menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) Bila pertanyaan dan pernyataan digabung dalam
sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan Reported Speech maka kita menggunakan kata as
pertanyaan yang dilaporkan. (karena) sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimat
pernyataan yang dilaporkan. Dalam hal ini kalimat
  pernyataan tersebut dilaporkan kemudian.
Perhatikanlah contoh-contoh berikut ini :
 
e.g   - She asked me :”What is the
e.g   - The boy asked John : “Does Mary time ?”, my watch has stopped.
live near  here?” - She asked me what the time was as her
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near watch had stopped.
there.
 
 
-  Ira asked John :”what is the matter with
-  The teacher asked her : “Have you you ?”, You don’t look well.
finish your homework ?”
-  Mary asked John what the matter was
-  The teacher asked her if he had with him as he didn’t look well.
finished her homework.
 
 
-  I asked her :”How long have you been
-  Mary asked me : “Did you she John at studying English ?”, Your accent is very
the party the night before. good.
-  Mary asked me whether I had seen -  I asked her how long she had been
John at the party the night before. studying English as he her accent was
very good.
 
 
-  We asked them : “Will you go to the
movie with us tonight ?” -  He told me :”I am off to the movie,”
Where are you going ?”
-  We asked them whether they would go
to the movie with us that night. -  He told me that he was off to the
movie and asked me where I was going.
 
 
-  Mother asked John : “Are you going to
marry her ?” -  She said :”It is cold inside,” Is the window
open ?
-  Mother asked John if he was going to
marry her. -  She said that it was cold
inside and asked if the window was open.
 
 
Note :    Baik if maupun whether dap
at digunakan bergantian
 Bila dalam pertanyaan langsung disertai dengan
jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita menggunakan EXERCISE!
kata but sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban No dan DIRECT – INDIRECT EXERCISE
kata and sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban Yes.
1. He said,”I begin to understand the concept of
e.g   - He asked me :”Will you go out wiith biodiversity”
me ?” No, I won’t. A. He asked me that he began to understand the
-  He asked me if I would go out with concept of biodiversity.
him but I said I wouldn’t. B. He wanted to know if he began to understand the
  concept of biodiversity.
C. He said that he began to understand the concept
-  Mother asked John :”Have you had of biodiversity.
lunch ?” No, I haven’t. D. He said that I begin to understand the concept of
biodiversity.
-  Mother asked John if he had had E. He said that I had begin to understand the
lunch but he said he hadn’t. concept of biodiversity.
 
2.  We have been here for a week.
  A. They said they had been there for a week.
B. They said they had been here for a week.
-  She asked me :”Can you meet me C. They said we had been there for a week.
tomorrow ?” No. D. They said they has been here for a week.
E. They said we has been here for a week.
-  She asked me if I could meet her the
following day but  I said I couldn’t.
3.  “Please wait for me at the bus stop!”
  A. Rindy told me to wait her at the bus stop.
B. Rindy told me waited for her at the bus stop that
-  I asked her :”Do you like vegetables ?” time.
Yes, I do. C. Rindy told me waited for me at the bus stop that
time.
-  Is asked her if she liked
D. Rindy told me waits for her at the bus stop that
veggetables and  she said she did.
time.
  E. Rindy told me waiting for her at the bus stop that
time.
-  Mary asked John :”Did you phone me
last night ?” Yes, I did. 4.   I ate some beef burgers yesterday.
A. Jean said that she have eat some beef burgers
-  Mary asked John if he had phoned her the day before.
the night before and  he said he had.
B. Jean said that she has ate some beef burgers the
  day before.
C. Jean said that she had been eat some beef
-  Father asked me :”Are you going to the burgers yesterday.
movie tonight ?” Yes. D. Jean said that she has  eaten some beef burgers
the day before.
-  Father asked me if I was going to the E. Jean said that she had  eaten some beef burgers
movie that night and  I said I was. the day before.

5.  I have been travelling around the world for over three

years.
 A.Grandpa said he had been travelling around the
world for over three years.
B. Grandpa said he have been travel around the
world for over three years.
C. Grandpa said he was travel around the world for
over three years.
D. Grandpa said he is travelling around the world for
over three years.
E. Grandpa said he was travelling around the world
for over three years.
6. “Please, move here!”
The teacher ordered me …
A. to move here
B. to move there
C. to moved here
D. to moved there
E. to not move here

7. “Fish lives in the water”

He said that …
A. Fish lives in the water
B. Fish lived in the water
C. Fish had lived in the water
D. Fish has lived in the water
E. Fish is living in the water
8. My name is Daniel Hamilton.
A. He said his name is Daniel Hamilton.
B. He said his name might Daniel Hamilton.
C. He said his name Daniel Hamilton.
D. He said his name was Daniel Hamilton.
E. He said his name will Daniel Hamilton.

9. “ You don’t need to pick me up today”

Tiara has just told Irwan that …
A. He doesn’t need to pick her up that day
B. She doesn’t need to pick him up that day
C. He didn’t need to pick me up that day
D. He hadn’t needed to pick her up today
E. She didn’t need to pick him up today

10. “Don’t bring my novel!”

A. She said not to bring my novel.
B. She said to bring his novel
C. She said not to bring your novel
D. She said not to bring their novel
E. She said not to bring her novel