Direct and indirect speech
- Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan
langsung oleh si pembicara.
- Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan
untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect
Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata
seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
May/ Must - might
Have/has to - had to
Ought to
2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the following day
next week - the following week
tonight - that night
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
last night - the night before
last week - the week before,
the precious week
here - there
this - that
these - those
I. STATEMENT
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang
dilaporkan (reported words).
e.g - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
- Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
- Mary told John “my father warned me last night”
- Mary told John that her father had warned her the night before.
- My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
- My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.
Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat
yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
e.g - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
- Mary says “I have seen that film”
- Mary says that she has seen that film.
- Tom says “I don’t like English”
- Tom says that he don’t like English.
II. COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-
kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
(to + infinitive)
e.g - He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.
- Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”
- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
2. Negative Command
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
e.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her “Don’t go there alone”
- Father asked her not to go there alone.
III. QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ;
Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan
sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha
menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
“Positive Form”
e.g - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya
merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita
menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara
kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.
e.g - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian
