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An effective conclusion should highlight the most important outcomes of the work and interpret findings at a higher level, rather than simply summarizing the body of the paper. It should engage readers by explaining the significance of the findings and may include future perspectives. The conclusion should be concise, avoiding repetition of the introduction or unnecessary length.

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15 views2 pages

File 3

An effective conclusion should highlight the most important outcomes of the work and interpret findings at a higher level, rather than simply summarizing the body of the paper. It should engage readers by explaining the significance of the findings and may include future perspectives. The conclusion should be concise, avoiding repetition of the introduction or unnecessary length.

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ree
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The conclusion

An effective conclusion from a paper


This paragraph of results and discussion (above) can easily be rewritten (below) to convey the message first, not last.

In the Conclusion section, state the most important outcome of your work. Do not
simply summarize the points already made in the body — instead, interpret your
findings at a higher level of abstraction. Show whether, or to what extent, you have
succeeded in addressing the need stated in the Introduction. At the same time, do
not focus on yourself (for example, by restating everything you did). Rather, show
what your findings mean to readers. Make the Conclusion interesting and
memorable for them.
At the end of your Conclusion, consider including perspectives — that is, an idea of
what could or should still be done in relation to the issue addressed in the paper. If
you include perspectives, clarify whether you are referring to firm plans for yourself
and your colleagues ("In the coming months, we will . . . ") or to an invitation to
readers ("One remaining question is . . . ").
If your paper includes a well-structured Introduction and an effective abstract, you
need not repeat any of the Introduction in the Conclusion. In particular, do not restate
what you have done or what the paper does. Instead, focus on what you have found
and, especially, on what your findings mean. Do not be afraid to write a
short Conclusion section: If you can conclude in just a few sentences given the rich
discussion in the body of the paper, then do so. (In other words, resist the temptation
to repeat material from the Introduction just to make the Conclusion longer under the
false belief that a longer Conclusion will seem more impressive.)

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