The Early Industrial Revolution, 1760-1851 Chapter 24 I. Causes of the Industrial Revolution A.) Population Growth: 1.
What things (at least 4) contributed to population growth in Europe (especially England) during the 1700s? 2. How did this lead to migrations and from where to where? B.) The Agricultural Revolution: 1. What caused the Second Agricultural Revolution? (Hint: Columbian Exchange) 2. Enclosure? C.) Trade and Inventiveness: 1. Cottage industry (aka Putting-Out System)? How do these meet new demands for a time? 2. How does population growth and a fascination with technology and innovation begin to change life + society? D.) Britain and Continental Europe: 1. Why did Britain lead the way in the Industrial Revolution? (At least 5 reasons). - population? - mining and metal? - economic growth? - innovativeness? - merchant marine? - social mobility? - transportation systems? - unified market? - developed commercial sector and financial institutions? 2. What factors prevented industrialization from taking hold on the continent until after 1815? (At least 3 reasons). II. The Technological Revolution: A.) Mass Production: Pottery 1. How does pottery provide a case study/example of consumer and market demands? 2. Josiah Wedgewood? B.) Mechanization: The Cotton Industry 1. How did the availability of cotton and its demand shape events and mechanization? 2. Spinning Jenny (1764), the water frame (1769)? How do these and other additional inventions industrialize textile production? 3. As cotton thus became cheaper, how did this stimulate and develop trade with other places? C.) The Iron Industry: 1. Why had iron become rare and valuable in Europe before the 1700s?
2. How did iron become more practical in the 1700s in Britain + Europe? 3. How did American System of manufactures and interchangeable parts advance the industrial revolution? D.) The Steam Engine: 1. Thomas Newcomen, 1702-1712? 2. 1769, James Watt? 3. How did use of steam engine grow to ca. 1830? E.) Railroads: 1. Steam engine improvements? 2. Railroad building booms? How do you think this would change + influence things? 3. Railways in Europe? How did proximity of coal and iron rich areas influence growth of cities? F.) Communication over Wires: 1. Electric Telegraph? 1837? 2. Communication revolution? III. The Impact of the Early Industrial Revolution A.) The New Industrial Cities: 1. How did industrialization begin to forge and shape the modern cities and their characteristics as we know them? 2. How could it be argued that these cities grew too quick? 3. What reforms began to be witnessed by latter 1800s? B.) Rural Environments: 1. Environment? 2. How did new transportation systems link rural and urban areas? C.) Working Conditions: 1. What kinds of new jobs and opportunities did the I.R. offer for workers? 2. How did women working effect families? 3. Who were these women likely? 4. Child labor? Irish immigrants? 5. Working conditions for these women? Irish women? 6. How did I.R. increase and promote slavery in some parts of the world? D.) Changes in Society: 1. Standard of living of workers to 1850? 2. Middle Class? Victorian moral + social codes? Cult of Domesticity? IV. New Economic and Political Ideas A.) Laissez-Faire and its Critics: 1. Proponents: - Adam Smith? - Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo? 2. Critics: - Jeremy Bentham and Friedrich List? B.) Positivists and Utopian Socialists:
1. Positivists: believed scientific method + inquiry could solve social as well as technical problems. 2. Utopian Socialists? - Charles Fourier? - Robert Owen? C.) Protests and Reforms: 1. How did worker resistance evolve from individual to collective scope? 2. Reform Acts? - Factory Act 1833? - Mines Act 1842? - Corn Law Repeal 1846? V. Limits of Industrialization Outside of West A.) Britains Effect on China: 1. Military technology? 2. How did Chinas inwardness inhibit their growth relative to west? B.) Britains Effect on Egypt: 1. Muhammad Ali? 2. Britains response to Egypts successes? C.) Britains Effect on India: 1. Cheap British goods, imports/exports and trade balances? 2. Railroads, coal-mining, and telegraph lines? Native Indian industries? Question.. *Why is it that some historians consider the Industrial Revolution the second most significant revolution in human history? *Could you agree or disagree with the above statement?
