Civic education (Grade 9)

SCHEME OF WORK & lesson note for

sECOND TERM 2024/2025 SESSION

JANUARY 8, 2025

PRINCETON COLLEGE
9/33, OATUNDE ONIMOLE STREET, SURULERE, LAGOS
 SCHEME OF WORK (GRADE 9)
WEEKS TOPICS SUB-TOPICS
1. Revision ✓ Revision of First Terms
Examination Question
2. Right Attitude to Work I ✓ Meaning and Attributes of Right
Attitude to Work
✓ Rewards for Right Attitude to
Work
3. Right Attitude to Work II ✓ Importance of Right Attitude to
Work
✓ Consequences of not having the
right attitude to work
4. Negative Behavior ✓ Meaning of Negative
✓ Behaviours Examples of Negative
Behavior

5. Drug Abuse I ✓ Meaning of Drug Abuse

✓ Effects of Drug Abuse
6. Drug Abuse II ✓ Types of Drugs that can be
Abused.

7. Examination Malpractice ✓ Meaning and Types of

Examination Malpractices
✓ Examination Malpractices and its
Effect
8. Common Crimes and National ✓ Meaning of Crime
Security ✓ Security Agencies that Fight
Against Crime
✓ Examples of Common Crimes
9. Insurgencies and Terrorism in ✓ Meaning of Insurgency
Nigeria I ✓ Meaning of Terrorism
✓ Effect of Terrorism and
Insurgency
10. Insurgencies and Terrorism in ✓ Kidnaping
Nigeria II ✓ Types of Kidnaping
✓ Physical and Psychological
consequences of Kidnaping
11. Revision ✓ Revision of Term’s Question
12 Examination ✓ Examination
Week: 1
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Revision of first term examination question

REVISION OF FIRST TERM QUESTION

1. A rigid constitution is a type of constitution that is difficult to amend. Most written
constitution are rigid in nature. (3marks)
b. List five sources of constitution
i. Act of Parliament
ii. Judicial Precedence
iii. Customs and Tradition
iv. Conventions
v. Constitutional Conferences
vi. Past Constitution (5marks)

c. State two forms of constitution

i. Written constitution
ii. Un-written constitution
iii. Federal constitution
iv. Confederal constitution (2marks)

2. Parliamentary system of government is a system where by the head of state is distinct

from the head of government. Example of countries practicing parliamentary system
are Britain, Isreal, Italy e.tc (3marks)
.i Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
ii. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi
iii. Chief. Olusegun Obasanjo
iv. Gen. Muritala Muhammed
v. Chief Ernest Shonekan
vi. Gen. Abdulsalam Abubakar
vii. Pres. Bola Ahmed Tinubu (5marks)
c. List two post-independence constitution
i. 1963 Republican Constitution
ii. 1979 Presidential Constitution (2marks)
3. List five features of Macpherson Constitution of 1951
i. The constitution created the position of a Governor.
ii. Only male tax payers voted in the north while both males and femalesvoted in the
east and west.
iii. Creation of a public service commission for recruiting, dismissing and promoting
civil and public servants.
iv. Election is direct and indirect
v. Macpherson constitution was the first homemade constitution (5marks)

b. Highlight five differences between Clifford constitution and Richard Constitution

i. The Richards constitution of 1946 brought regionalism to Nigeria- Eastern, Western and
Northern regions. While Clifford introduced sectionalism in Nigeria
ii. Richard’s constitution replaced regional governors with chief commissioners while
Clifford made provision for regional governor
iii. Clifford constitution allowed the North to be ruled by proclamation and was displace
during Richard’s constitution
iv. Impact of the World War II affected the Richard constitution implementation
v. Clifford constitution of 1922 had limited representation compared to Richards of 1946
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ understand all question in the previous examination.

4. Define Supremacy of the Constitution.

Supremacy of the constitution in a country means the constitution or law of the
nation is greater than or more powerful than any person or group in the country.
(2marks)

b. Outline five main features of the independence constitution of 1960.

i. It was a federal constitution which recognized the existence of two level of

government i.e. federal and regional.
ii. It gave Nigeria a parliamentary system of government
iii. It gave the country a bicameral legislature constituting of the queen of England
and two chambers.
iv. The queen of England was the constitutional head of state of Nigeria while the
governor-general was the ceremonial head of state.
v. Fundamental human rights were entrenched in the constitution. (5marks)
c. Presidential System of government of is a system where by the Head of state is the
same as the head of government and is popularly elected by the citizens of state
(3marks)

5. List any five feature of the Lyttleton’s Constitution of 1954

1. It gave Nigeria a true federalism.

2. In line with the federal structure, powers are shared between the federal and regional
government inform of the legislative list.
3. It set up a new and enlarged house of representative made up of ( 184)
4. It also set up a council of members comprising ten (10) ministers.
5. It made provision for the post of a speaker for regional houses andpresident for central
legislature. (5marks)
b. Write out five demerits of the Clifford Constitution of 1922.
i. The Clifford constitution was sectional
ii. Disenfranchisement of Nigerian citizen
iii. introduction of second-class citizen to Nigerian people
iv. The Constitution was not effective in Northern Nigeria
v. Limited representation of Nigerian in the executive and legislative chamber (5marks)

6. A Common crime is an illegal action or activity for which a person can be punished by law.
A crime can also be said an action or omission whichconstitutes an offence and is
punishable by law. (3marks)

b. List four examples of crime

i. Murder
ii. Rape
iii. Fraud
iv. Kidnaping
v. Armed Robbery (4marks)

c. Highlight three consequences of crime in the society

i. Imprisonment
ii. Payment of fine
iii. freezing one’s account
iv. Community service
v. Withdrawal of right to vote
vi. Restitution. (3marks)
 Week: 2
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Right Attitude to Work I

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 41-43
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/SsXt6uPxV0A
✓ https://youtu.be/XBcYVKn6RKg
✓ https://youtu.be/QxOBgyitHek?t=31

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ define right attitude to work.
✓ list and explain attributes of right attitude to work
✓ mention ways one can lose citizenship.

Teaching Methodology: Discussion

➢ The teacher asks the student to explain what they understand by right attitude to work
➢ The teacher allows the student to give some examples of right attitude to work.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK

The right attitude to work generally refers to possessing a positive and proactive
mindset, along with a strong work ethic, that contributes to personal and professional
success. Attitude to work is any behaviours that could be right or wrong, good or bad,
favorable or unfavorable. The right attitude to work refers to the positive behaviour or
actions we exhibit hen carrying out our duties as individuals for the promotion and
development of an organization.
 THE ATTRIBUTES OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
1. Positive Outlook: Maintaining a positive attitude, even in challenging situations,
can help foster resilience and problem-solving skills. It involves focusing on
solutions rather than dwelling on problems.
2. Proactiveness: Taking initiative and being proactive in identifying and addressing
tasks or challenges demonstrates a commitment to excellence. A proactive attitude
often leads to increased productivity and efficiency.
3. Adaptability: Being open to change and flexible in various work situations is
crucial. The ability to adapt allows individuals to stay relevant and contribute
effectively to a dynamic work environment.
4. Team Collaboration: A positive attitude towards collaboration and teamwork is
essential. Being supportive, cooperative, and respectful of colleagues fosters a
healthy work environment and often leads to increased creativity and productivity.
5. Accountability: Taking responsibility for one's actions, admitting mistakes, and
learning from them are essential components of a positive work attitude. It builds
trust and credibility in the workplace.
6. Time Management: Effectively managing time and prioritizing tasks demonstrate
a commitment to meeting deadlines and achieving goals. It reflects a disciplined
and organized approach to work.
7. Continuous Learning: Embracing a mindset of continuous learning and
improvement is vital. Staying curious and updating skills and knowledge
contributes to personal and professional growth.
8. Resilience: Facing setbacks with resilience and maintaining a determined attitude
in the face of challenges is crucial. Resilient individuals bounce back from
difficulties, learning and growing from their experiences.
9. Ethical Conduct: Demonstrating integrity, honesty, and ethical behaviour in all
work-related activities is fundamental to building trust with colleagues, clients and
superiors.
10. Passion for Excellence: Striving for excellence and delivering high- quality work
showcases dedication and commitment. It involves going above and beyond the
minimum requirements to achieve outstanding results.
EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
Highlight five rewards for a positive work attitude.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ list the rewards for right attitude to work.

THE REWARDS FOR A POSITIVE WORK ATTITUDE

A positive work attitude can bring various rewards and benefits, both on a personal
and professional level.
The following are some of the rewards associated with maintaining a positive attitude
at work:
Career Advancement: Employees with a positive attitude are often noticed by
supervisors and managers. They are more likely to be considered for promotions and
career advancement opportunities because their mindset and work ethic contribute to
a productive and harmonious work environment.
Increased Productivity: Positivity is linked to increased motivation and energy.
When employees approach their work with enthusiasm, they tend to be more focused
and productive, leading to the accomplishment of tasks and goals in a timely
manner.
Stronger Relationships: A positive attitude fosters better interpersonal
relationships with colleagues, clients, and superiors. Team members are more likely
to collaborate effectively when there is a positive and supportive atmosphere,
enhancing overall team cohesion.
Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills: Positive individuals often approach challenges
with a solution-oriented mindset. This can lead to better problem-solving skills, as
they are more likely to see opportunities in difficulties and find creative ways to
address issues.
Improved Health and Well-being: A positive work attitude is associated with
lower stress levels and better overall well-being. Reduced stress can have positive
effects on both physical and mental health, contributing to a healthier and more
balanced lifestyle.
Increased Job Satisfaction: A positive attitude contributes to a sense of fulfilment
and satisfaction in one's work. When individuals enjoy their work and have a
positive outlook, they are more likely to find meaning and purpose in their
professional endeavors.
Recognition and Appreciation: Positivity often attracts recognition and
appreciation from colleagues and supervisors. Being known for a positive attitude
can lead to acknowledgment and praise, further boosting morale and job satisfaction.
Enhanced Communication Skills: Positive individuals tend to communicate more
effectively. They are generally approachable, open to feedback, and skilled at
maintaining constructive and collaborative conversations, which can improve
overall communication within the workplace.
Increased Job Security: Employers value employees with positive attitudes
because they contribute to a harmonious work environment. In times of
organizational changes or challenges, individuals with a positive work attitude are
often seen as assets, enhancing their job security.
Personal Growth and Development: A positive attitude is often linked to a growth
mindset, encouraging continuous learning and development. Individuals with this
mindset are more likely to seek out opportunities for self-improvement, expanding
their skills and knowledge.
Key point
Cultivating a positive mindset not only benefits the individual but also contributes to
a positive and thriving workplace culture.

EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Explain the term ‘right attitude to work’.
2. State five right attitudes to work.
 Week: 3
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Right Attitude to Work II

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 41-43
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
Click on the links below for more information on this topic
✓ https://youtu.be/UIYmPg6rfhM
✓ https://youtu.be/QxOBgyitHek?t=31

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ define right attitude to work
✓ discuss the importance of right attitude to work

Teaching Methodology: Discussion

➢ The teacher asks the student to explain what they understand by right attitude to work.
➢ The teacher uses the school handbook to discuss some right attitude to work.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
THE IMPORTANCE OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK

a. Right attitude to work promotes individuals and increases their status in the society.
b. It leads to respect and recognition of individuals and organizations in the society.
c. It leads to effective and high productivity of goods and services by the organization.
d. it leads to unity, cooperation and healthy competition among individuals,
 organizations and countries for effective economic and political development.
e. It enhances the efficiency of a worker.

EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Read pages 41-43 and do the revision exercise text in your Civic and Security
Education text (1-10 on page 43).

2. List and explain five consequences for not having the right attitude to work.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the consequences for not having the right attitude to work.

THE CONSEQUENCES FOR NOT HAVING THE RIGHT ATTITUDE

TO WORK
When the right attitude to work is lacking in members of staff of an organization,
the workers and the entire organization is bound to suffer the following:
a. There will be a decline in the production of goods and services of the
organization.
b. There will be high level of truancy, laxity and immorality in the workplace.
This will hinder the organization from achieving its set goals and objectives
c. Lack of right attitude to work tarnishes the integrity and image of a nation at the
international community
d. Careless attitude to work increases work hazard on the part of workers
e. Lack of honesty, dedication, commitment, efficiency and transparency by
individual staff affect the economic, social, political growth and development of
the society at large.

EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
Highlight five importance of right attitude to work.
 Week: 4
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Negative Behaviours

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 45-49
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/UIYmPg6rfhM
✓ https://youtu.be/seDIq_hq-MQ
✓ https://youtu.be/5_IFz7FEZ9E

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning if negative behaviours
✓ list and explain the forms of negative behaviours

Teaching Methodology: Interactive

➢ The teacher asks the students to highlight some negative behaviours in the school they
have observed.
➢ The teacher allows the students to discuss and demonstrate examples of these negative
behaviours in the environment.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
Negative behaviours refer to actions or conduct that is harmful, disruptive or
undesirable in a given context. It can manifest in various forms and across different
settings, including personal relationships, work environments, social interactions or
within oneself. Negative behaviours can have adverse effects on individuals and the
surrounding environment.
Negative behaviours are unethical. It is a deviant attitude that leads to destruction and
underdevelopment of a society. It refers to any act of behaviours that is against norms
and values of a given society or an organization. Negative behaviours can also be
referred to as any unpleasant behaviours that can hinder the achievement of set goals
and objectives of the people who interact as a unified entity.
 EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Define negative behaviours.
2. List three types of negative behaviours.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ list the forms of negative behaviours
✓ enumerate the examples of negative behaviours

THE FORMS OF NEGATIVE BEHAVIOURS

1. Aggression: Verbal or physical hostility towards others, including bullying, threats,
or acts of violence.
2. Dishonesty: Engaging in deceitful or untruthful behaviours, such as lying, cheating,
or stealing.
3. Disrespect: Treating others with contempt, rudeness, or disregard for their feelings
and opinions.
4. Manipulation: Using cunning or deceit to control or influence others for personal
gain.
5. Procrastination: Delaying or avoiding tasks, responsibilities, or commitments,
often leading to negative consequences.
6. Negativity: Constantly expressing pessimism, criticism, or a generally negative
attitude, which can impact the morale of those around you.
7. Self-destructive behaviours: Engaging in actions that harm oneself physically,
emotionally, or socially, such as substance abuse or self-harm.
8. Irresponsibility: Failing to fulfil obligations or neglecting duties, leading to
negative consequences for one self or others.
9. Defiance: Refusing to comply with rules, authority, or societal norms, often
resulting in conflict or disciplinary measures.
10.Gossiping: Spreading rumors or talking negatively about others, damaging
relationships and fostering a toxic environment.
Key point
Addressing negative behaviours typically involves self-reflection, open
communication, setting boundaries, and, in some cases, seeking professional help.
It's essential to promote positive behaviours and create an environment where
individuals feel supported in making constructive changes.
 EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
1. State any five ways you think we can promote positive behavioural changes in
Nigeria.
2. Read pages 57-59 and do the revision exercise text in your Civic and Security
Education text (1-10 on page 59).
 Week: 5
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Drug Abuse I

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 63-65
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/b6Dte96WdqM
✓ https://youtu.be/ZyXJBoF6C4A?t=10
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of a drug
✓ define drug abuse
✓ differentiate between a drug and drug abuse

Teaching Methodology: Presentation

➢ The teacher groups the students into four groups.
➢ The teacher allows each group to make a ten minutes presentation on drug abuse.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
DRUG ABUSE

A drug can be defined as a substance used for chemical purposes, either alone or
in a mixture. It is a chemical preparation for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment
of diseases or ailments. It can also be defined as any substance that modifies
biological, psychological and social behaviour. To a lay man, drug is synonymous
with medicine. Drug, when taken, if it changes the functioning of the body for
good e.g. healing an ailment or disease, it is called medicine, but if the changes
 produce bad effect, it is referred to as drug abuse.
Drugs are taken based on doctors’ prescription. Drugs when taken may have other
effects other than those needed. Such effects are generally known as side effects

WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?

It is misuse or improper way of using drug. It can be defined as the use of hard drug.
A drug is said to be abused when it is taken without medical prescription. It also
involves indiscriminate use of any drug.
Drug abuse can also be defined as the use of illegal drugs in such a way that it may
be harmful to the user or to others. It is also the habitual use of drugs to alter one’s
mood, emotion or state of consciousness. In addition, drug abuse means an excessive
or improper use of drugs, especially through self- medication for non-medical
purposes. Drug abuse could lead to addiction or dependence, serious physiological
damage or injury, (such as damage to kidneys, liver, heart, brain, etc.) or
psychological harm (such as dysfunctional), behaviour patterns, hallucination,
memory loss, etc. or even death. Drug abuse is also known as substance abuse.

Key Point
It is important to state that most of the drug’s prescriptions are not abused but
rather “misused”.
The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) says that drugs are
abused when;
✓ Its use is not medically necessary or for non-medical purpose.
✓ Its use is legally prohibited.
✓ It is excessively and persistently self-administered.
 EVALUATION
HOMEWORK

1. Enumerate five functions of NDLEA.

2. Answer the exercise questions 1-10 (Pages 66- 67) of your Civic and Security
Education Text Book 3.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of NDLEA and their functions
✓ list both medical and illicit drugs that can be abused.

CONTENT
DRUGS AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency is responsible for the enforcement of drug
laws in Nigeria. This agency also investigates and prosecute drug related offenses in
Nigeria. Drug abuse a crime to humanity and the state culprits usually face the wrath of
the law. Examples of drugs that can be abused are;

Prescription Medications
➢ Opioids
➢ Benzodiazepines
➢ Anti-depressants
➢ Stimulants
➢ Sleeping aids like zolpidem, eszopiclone
➢ Aphrodisiac or sex enhancement drug like; Viagra e.t.c

Illicit Drugs
➢ Cannabis
➢ Heroin
➢ Marijuana
➢ Cocaine and also
➢ Alcohol

EVALUATION
CLASSWORK

1. List five drugs that can be abused.

2. What is the meaning of NDLEA.
 Week: 6
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Drug Abuse II

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 64-65
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/b6Dte96WdqM
✓ https://youtu.be/ZyXJBoF6C4A?t=10
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of a drug.
✓ list and explain the forms of drug abuse.

Teaching Methodology: Presentation

➢ The teacher groups the students into four groups.
➢ The teacher allows each group to make a ten minutes presentation on drug abuse.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
THE FORMS OF DRUG ABUSE

✓ Taking medicine without doctor’s prescription

✓ Misuse of prescription drugs
✓ Taking prohibited substances like hard drugs, (e.g. cocaine and heroin,
marijuana) to make them feel ‘high’.
✓ Excessive ‘social drinking’ of alcohol, etc.
✓ Heavy consumption of tobacco-cigarettes, cigars and snuff at a time
✓ Excessive consumption of substances such as coffee, kola-nuts to stay
awake constitute drug abuse.
✓ Taking or inhaling of certain substances to enhance performance in sports or to
become bold to face an audience, or to get inspiration for creativity, is drug
 abuse.
✓ Taking fake, expired and wrong doses of drug
THE TYPES OF DRUGS THAT CAN BE ABUSED AND HOW THEY
ARE ABUSED
The types of drugs and how they are abused includes the following:
1. Alcohol: Alcohol is abused when taken in excess, making the person
insensible and intoxicated. Such alcohols include ogogoro (illicit
gin/unrefined spirit, beer, wine, brandy, whisky, palm wine, local concussion,
burukutu, etc. Alcohol is taken by drinking.
2. Stimulants: These are drugs that make one behave abnormally when taken
excessively. These drugs normally change one’s physiological state, thereby
affecting the normal functioning of the nervous system. Examples of
stimulating drugs include cocaine, caffeine, heroin, cannabis, marijuana,
amphetamine, and methamphetamine. Some stimulants are either injected, or
swallowed, or smoked or snorted.
3. Inducement drugs: These are drugs that change one’s looks and behaviour
and make one do things they could not do ordinarily. Sex workers, destitute,
armed robbers, are those who mostly use inducement drugs. Also, inducement
drugs can be used medically for patients undergoing surgery and can be used
to induce sleep to aid quick recovery from an ailment. Some inducement drugs
are also stimulants such as
4. Cocaine: This is a whitish substance from cocoa leaves, when taken; it
increases the energy level and performance. It is usually swallowed.
5. Amphetamine: These are inducement drugs that cause increased confidence,
performance, talkativeness, energy abnormal quick response, etc. they are
injected or swallowed, smoked or snorted.
6. Cannabinoids: These are greenish leaves. When taken as tea or smoked,
increases internal stimuli, thereby making one intoxicated. Examples include
Marijuana, Hashish, etc.
7. Sedative Drugs: These are substances that induce one to sleep. They are used
medically for patients to make them sleep to quick recovery from sickness.
They can be swallowed or injected. Examples are Valium 5, Amatol,
Phenobarbital, Rohypnol, etc.
8. Anabolic steroids: These are mostly used by athletes to increase their
performance and gain advantage over others. Examples include Anadrol,
Oxendine, and Dabolim. They can be injected, swallowed or applied to the
skin. Steroids use has been banned worldwide and serious sanctions are placed
on athletes caught in using them.
9. Inhalants: These are substances when taken, alters the body functions or
behaviour such that one feels on top of the world-feels high. Such substances
include solvents, gasoline, glues, solution, aerosol, etc. these are usually
inhaled through the nose or mouth.
 EVALUATION
HOMEWORK

1. List and explain five effects of drug abuse.

2. Write a short note on the following;
a) Steroids
b) Stimulants
c) Amphetamines
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Project Presentation
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ present a project on drug abuse.

(the students will do group presentations on illicit drugs harm to one’s health and the
environment)

EVALUATION

HOMEWORK

Answer the exercise questions 1-10 (Pages 68) of your Civic and Security
Education Text Book 3.
 Week: 7
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Examination Malpractice

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 75-77
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/b6Dte96WdqM

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of examination malpractice.
✓ list and explain the major forms of examination malpractice.

Teaching Methodology: Demonstration

➢ The teacher asks the students to demonstrate a short playlet on examination
malpractice in the classroom.
➢ The teacher demonstrates how an invigilation should be done in the classroom.

Teaching Aids: Charts, pictures and videos

CONTENT
EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

A picture showing examination malpractice

Examination malpractice refers to any dishonest or unethical behaviour that occurs
during examinations or assessments, with the aim of gaining an unfair advantage or
manipulating the results. Examination Malpractices are acts which do not make the
evaluation or assessment of the performances of those who write or sit for an
examination reliable. It is a serious issue in educational systems worldwide, and it
undermines the integrity of the examination process.
 COMMON FORMS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
1) Cheating: Copying from another student's paper, using unauthorized materials
(such as notes or electronic devices), or communicating with others during the
exam are all forms of cheating.
2) Plagiarism: Presenting someone else's work or ideas as one's own without proper
citation is considered plagiarism. This can occur in written assignments or projects.
3) Impersonation: Having someone else take the exam on behalf of the actual
candidate is a serious form of fraud.
4) Leakage of Exam Questions: Obtaining or sharing exam questions before the
scheduled examination is a form of cheating that undermines the fairness of the
test.
5) Use of Unauthorized Aids: Bringing unauthorized materials into the examination
hall, such as notes, textbooks, or electronic devices, is a common way to cheat.
6) Bribery: Attempting to influence examiners, invigilators, or other individuals
involved in the examination process through bribery in order to gain an advantage.
7) Forgery: Falsifying academic documents, such as certificates or transcripts, to gain
admission to an examination or academic program.
8) Collusion: Collaborating with others inappropriately on assignments or exams
when individual work is required.
9) Fabrication of Results: Altering or falsifying examination results or transcripts to
misrepresent academic achievements.

EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Define examination malpractice.
2. List and explain five forms of examination malpractice you have learnt.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ list and explain the causes of examination malpractice.
✓ discuss the effects of examination malpractice on the student.

THE CAUSES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES

1. Pressure to Succeed: Intense competition and a high emphasis on academic
success can create a culture where students feel immense pressure to excel. This
pressure may drive some individuals to resort to dishonest means to achieve
better grades.
2. Lack of Preparation: Students who are inadequately prepared for exams may
feel compelled to cheat as a shortcut to obtaining satisfactory results.
3. Fear of Failure: The fear of failure and its potential consequences, such as
parental disappointment or societal judgment, can push students to cheat to
avoid the perceived negative outcomes.
4. Inadequate Teaching and Learning Environment: Poor teaching methods,
insufficient resources, and a lack of educational support may contribute to
students feeling unprepared for exams, leading them to cheat.
5. Parental and Societal Expectations: High expectations from parents and
society regarding academic performance can create a sense of desperation in
students, encouraging some to engage in malpractice.
6. Corruption in Educational Systems: Instances of corruption within
educational systems, such as leaked exam papers or bribery, can facilitate and
normalize malpractice.
7. Lack of Ethical Values: A lack of emphasis on ethical values and integrity
within the educational environment may contribute to a culture where
malpractice is not strongly discouraged.
THE EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES
1) Erosion of Academic Integrity: Examination malpractice undermines the
principles of honesty and fairness that form the basis of academic integrity,
eroding the credibility of educational institutions.
2) Diminished Learning: Students who engage in malpractice often miss the
opportunity to truly understand and learn the material, as they rely on shortcuts
instead of genuine effort.
3) Unreliable Assessment: Malpractice compromises the reliability of assessments,
making it difficult to accurately evaluate students' knowledge and skills.
4) Loss of Trust: The prevalence of examination malpractice can lead to a loss of
trust in the education system, affecting the reputation of educational institutions
and the value of academic qualifications.
5) Inequitable Competition: Students who do not engage in malpractice may find
 themselves at a disadvantage when competing with those who cheat, creating an
unfair environment.
6) Decreased Confidence in Certifications: Employers and other institutions may
lose confidence in the value of academic certifications if they perceive a high
risk of exam malpractice.
7) Legal Consequences: Those caught engaging in examination malpractice may
face legal consequences, including academic penalties, expulsion, or legal action.
8) Negative Impact on Society: Graduates and professionals who obtained their
qualifications through malpractice may lack the necessary skills and knowledge,
negatively impacting society by producing inadequately trained individuals.
Key Points:
Examination malpractice is a significant concern as it compromises the credibility
and fairness of the education system. Educational institutions, examination boards,
and regulatory bodies implement various measures to detect and prevent
malpractice, such as using secure examination procedures, employing invigilators,
and utilizing plagiarism detection tools for written assignments. Additionally,
there are often disciplinary consequences for those found guilty of examination
malpractice, ranging from academic penalties to legal consequences.

EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
1. Mention five effects of malpractice on the country.
2. Read pages 76-77 of your Civic and Security Education Texts and answer the revision
exercise question (1-10 on pages 77).
 Week: 8
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Common Crimes and National Security

Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 78-83
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
✓ https://youtu.be/b6Dte96WdqM

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of crime.
✓ define national security.

Teaching Methodology: Demonstration

➢ The teacher asks the students to do a short playlet on crime scene
➢ The teacher demonstrates using teaching aids a security agency and duties.
➢ The teacher asks the student to discuss any crime they have witnessed.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT

CRIME
Crime generally refers to an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the
omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender
liable to punishment by that law. It is a social and legal concept that varies across
cultures and legal systems, but it typically involves actions that harm individuals
or society as a whole and are deemed unacceptable within a given jurisdiction.

Crimes are often classified based on the nature and severity of the offense.
They can range from minor offenses like petty theft to more serious crimes such as
murder or fraud. The legal systems of different countries have their own definitions
of what constitutes a crime and prescribe corresponding punishments.
In addition to legal definitions, crime can also be considered from a sociological
perspective, examining the root causes, societal reactions, and efforts at prevention.
Criminology, a field of study, delves into the social, psychological, and economic
factors that contribute to criminal behaviour.
NATIONAL SECURITY
Security means the activities involved in protecting a country, building or person
against attacks or dangers. National security refers to the security of a nation state
including its citizens, economy and institutions and is regarded as a duty of
government.
National security refers to the protection and preservation of a nation's sovereignty,
territorial integrity, citizens, and interests against internal and external threats. It
encompasses a broad range of concerns related to the well- being and stability of a
country and it involves measures taken by governments to ensure the safety and
security of their citizens, institutions and infrastructure. National security objectively
means the absence of threats to acquired values and subjectively, the absence of fear
that such values will be attacked within a community.

EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
1. Answer the exercise questions 1-10 (Pages 81-83) of your Civic and Security
Education Text Book 3.
2. List five security agencies you know that fight against crime in Nigeria.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ identify the security agencies that fight against crime.
✓ list some of the functions of these security agencies.
✓ enumerate the examples of crime in the society.

SECURITY AGENCIES THAT FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

The security agencies in Nigeria include:
➢ Nigeria Police Force (NPF): The Nigeria Police Force is the primary law
enforcement agency in the country responsible for maintaining public order
and safety.
➢ Department of State Services (DSS): The DSS is the country's domestic
intelligence agency, responsible for providing intelligence and protecting the
internal security of Nigeria.
➢ Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC): The NSCDC is a
paramilitary organization charged with the responsibility of protecting critical
national infrastructure and maintaining civil order.
➢ National Intelligence Agency (NIA): The NIA focuses on foreign
intelligence and is responsible for gathering information that may affect
Nigeria's national security.
➢ State Security Service (SSS): The SSS is responsible for intelligence
gathering within Nigeria and is distinct from the DSS, though there has been
some restructuring that may have affected these agencies.
➢ Armed Forces of Nigeria: The Nigerian Armed Forces consist of the
Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy, and Nigerian Air Force. They are responsible
for defending the country from external threats.
➢ National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA): The NDLEA is tasked
with combating drug trafficking and abuse in Nigeria.
➢ Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC): While primarily responsible for road
safety, the FRSC also plays a role in maintaining order on the nation's roads.
➢ Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC): The EFCC is
focused on investigating and prosecuting economic and financial crimes in
Nigeria.
➢ Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission
(ICPC): The ICPC is mandated to combat corruption and related offenses in
the public sector.
 LIST OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES IN THE SOCIETY
✓ Aggravated Assault
✓ Animal Cruelty
✓ Arson
✓ Drug Distribution
✓ Elder Abuse
✓ Felony Assault
✓ Grand Theft
✓ Kidnapping
✓ Manslaughter
✓ Manufacturing of drugs
✓ Murder
✓ Rape
✓ Tax Evasion
✓ Treason
✓ Illegal bunkering/Oil theft
✓ Pipeline vandalism
✓ Examination malpractice
✓ Drug abuse
✓ Human trafficking etc.

The occurrence of these crimes in the society brings about social instability. It
affects the economy of a nation in adverse ways and offences such as terrorism,
arson and looting affect political stability. Where these offences occur, foreign
investors are not always interested in establishing industries or investing their
money in such places.
THE EFFECTS OF CRIMES ON NATIONAL SECURITY
Crimes are like epidemic diseases. If not prevented spreads widely to affect
individuals and the entire nation. Crimes have the following consequences on
individuals and the national security:
1. Crimes threaten the lives and properties in a nation
2. It devastates the economic growth of a country
3. It does not allow foreign investors to invest in a country for the fear of losing
their capital and even lives.
4. It threatens the international reputation of a country
5. Crimes make the citizens of a country dwell in fear
 EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Define National Security?
2. Differentiate between a crime scene and a crime.
3. What is the full meaning of EFCC and ICPC.
4. List four effects of crimes on National Security.
 Week: 9
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Insurgency and Terrorism in Nigeria I
Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 95-97
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of insurgency
✓ explain the meaning of terrorism
✓ list examples of insurgencies
✓ enumerate the immediate actions to take during insurgencies.

Teaching Methodology: Interactive

➢ The teacher asks the students to mention some terrorist groups they have heard.
➢ The teacher explains and discuss some of the terrorist groups mentioned
➢ The teacher asks the student to discuss any crime these groups have committed.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
INSURGENCY
Insurgency refers to the ongoing and often violent conflict involving various militant
groups or factions within the country. These groups typically operate with the aim of
challenging the established government, seeking political power, or advancing
specific ideological, religious, or ethnic agendas.
Insurgency in Nigeria has been a complex and multifaceted issue, with different
groups pursuing distinct objectives in different regions of the country.
As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, several insurgent groups have been
active in Nigeria, contributing to the overall security challenges faced by the nation.
Some of the notable insurgent groups include:
Boko Haram:
Boko Haram is an Islamist militant group that originated in north-eastern Nigeria.
The group has been responsible for numerous acts of violence, including bombings,
abductions, and attacks on both civilian and military targets. Boko Haram's goal is
to establish an Islamic state based on its interpretation of Sharia law.
Fulani Herdsmen Insurgency:
There have been conflicts between Fulani herdsmen (nomadic pastoralists) and
farming communities in various parts of Nigeria. These conflicts often involve
disputes over land, resources, and religious differences. While not a single, unified
insurgency, the clashes have led to significant violence and displacement.
Niger Delta Militancy:
Militant groups in the Niger Delta region have historically engaged in acts of
sabotage, kidnapping, and attacks on oil facilities. Their grievances often include
issues related to resource control, environmental degradation, and economic
marginalization.

Unknown Gunmen:
These groups which is predominantly in the eastern part of Nigeria has caused lots
of security challenges to the government resulting in shut down of business activities
in the region and political instability. They fight for the cause of Biafra and political
liberality.
MEANING TERRORISM
Terrorism, the calculated use of violence to create a general climate of fear in a
population and thereby to bring about a particular political objective. Terrorism
involves the use of threat of violence and seeks to create fear, not just within the
direct victims but among a wide audience. The goal of terrorism generally is to
destroy the public’s sense of security in the places most familiar to them.
THE REASONS FOR INSURGENCY AND TERRORISM
Insurgency and terrorism are complex phenomena influenced by a variety of factors,
and the reasons behind them can vary across different regions and contexts.
Understanding the motivations for insurgency and terrorism involves considering a
combination of political, economic, social, and cultural factors. Here are some
common reasons:
➢ Political Grievances: Insurgent groups may emerge due to perceived political
injustices, government corruption, or lack of political representation. Grievances
related to power-sharing, governance structures, and political marginalization can fuel
the desire for change through violent means.
➢ Ethnic and Religious Tensions: In many cases, insurgency is driven by ethnic or
religious tensions. Differences in ethnicity, language, or religious beliefs can
contribute to social divisions, leading some groups to pursue violent means to address
perceived grievances or to assert their identity.
➢ Economic Inequality: High levels of economic inequality, poverty, and lack of
access to resources can create conditions conducive to insurgency. Some individuals
may be drawn to militant groups as a means of addressing economic grievances or
seeking better opportunities.
➢ Social Injustice and Discrimination: Social injustice, discrimination, and human
 rights abuses can contribute to feelings of anger and frustration, prompting individuals
or groups to turn to insurgency as a way to challenge perceived injustices and promote
social change.
➢ Foreign Intervention and Occupation: Insurgency can be a response to foreign
intervention, occupation, or perceived interference in domestic affairs. Resistance
against external forces can give rise to armed groups seeking to reclaim sovereignty or
resist what they view as foreign aggression.
➢ Failed Governance and State Weakness: Weak governance, corruption, and a lack
of effective state institutions can create an environment where insurgent groups find it
easier to operate. The absence of responsive governance may lead some individuals to
support alternative power structures.
➢ Ideological Motivations: Some insurgencies are driven by ideological or extremist
beliefs. This can include religious extremism, political ideologies, or nationalist
sentiments that justify the use of violence as a means to achieve specific goals.
➢ Criminal Enterprise: Insurgent groups may engage in criminal activities, such as
drug trafficking, arms smuggling, or extortion, to fund their operations. Economic
motivations can be a significant driver for the continuation of violence.
➢ Lack of Education and Opportunities: Limited access to education and economic
opportunities can contribute to the recruitment of individuals into insurgent groups.
Vulnerable populations, especially young people, may be more susceptible to
radicalization.

EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Define Terrorism.
2. Explain the meaning of insurgency.
3. List five reasons for insurgency and terrorism.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ list and explain the effects of terrorism on a nation
✓ recommend solutions to terrorism and insurgencies

THE EFFECT OF INSURGENCY AND TERRORISM

Insurgency and terrorism have profound and far-reaching effects on individuals,
communities, and entire societies. The impact of these phenomena is
multifaceted and can manifest in various ways, including social, economic,
political, and psychological consequences. Here are some key effects:
Loss of Life and Human Suffering
The most immediate and tragic consequence of insurgency and terrorism is the
loss of human lives. Attacks often result in fatalities and injuries, causing
immense pain and suffering for individuals and their families.
Displacement and Refugees
Insurgency and terrorism frequently lead to forced displacement, as people flee
their homes to escape violence and insecurity. This displacement can strain
resources, create refugee crises, and contribute to the breakdown of social
structures.
Economic Impact
Terrorism and insurgency can have significant economic repercussions.
Infrastructure may be damaged or destroyed, disrupting economic activities.
Investment and tourism can decline, and the overall economic development of a
region may suffer.
Psychological Trauma
Communities affected by terrorism often experience psychological trauma. The
fear of future attacks, the loss of loved ones, and the witnessing of violence can
result in long-lasting emotional and mental health issues for individuals and
communities.
Social Divisions and Polarization
Insurgency and terrorism can exacerbate existing social divisions and contribute
to the polarization of communities. Ethnic, religious, or political differences
may be heightened, leading to increased tension and hostility among different
groups.
Undermining Rule of Law
Persistent violence can undermine the rule of law and erode confidence in
government institutions. This may lead to a breakdown of governance
structures, further exacerbating the challenges of maintaining law and order.
Human Rights Abuses
Insurgent groups and counter-terrorism measures can sometimes result in
human rights abuses. Civilians may be targeted, detained without due process,
or subjected to violence, contributing to a cycle of abuse and retaliation.
Impact on Education
Insurgency can disrupt education systems, leading to the closure of schools and
limiting access to learning opportunities. The long-term consequences include a
generation with reduced educational attainment and diminished prospects for
economic and social development.
Global Security Concerns
Terrorism is often transnational, with global implications. Acts of terrorism can
lead to increased security measures, strained international relations, and a
broader impact on global security dynamics.
Political Instability
Insurgency can contribute to political instability, making it challenging for
governments to govern effectively. This instability may create power vacuums,
enabling the rise of militant groups or exacerbating existing conflicts.
Humanitarian Crises
Prolonged insurgency can lead to humanitarian crises, with limited access to
basic needs such as food, water, and healthcare. Humanitarian organizations
may face challenges in providing assistance in conflict zones.

EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
1. Answer the exercise questions 1-10 (Pages 98-99) of your Civic and Security
Education Text Book 3.
2. List five reasons effects of terrorism and insurgency in Nigeria.
 Week: 10
Period: 1
Duration: 40 Minutes
Topic: Insurgency and Terrorism in Nigeria II
Reference Texts:
✓ Civics And Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools I (Oludare A. &
Obiora Nwachukwu), page 99-111
✓ Civic Education textbook (African Resource Civic and Security Education Junior
Secondary School), by M.O. BIOBAKU& A.U. DOKI

✓ https://youtu.be/SguIkhhQWqYT
✓ https://youtu.be/nGbtJSMECJI
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of kidnapping.
✓ list and explain the types of kidnapping.
✓ list types of kidnaping.
✓ enumerate the immediate actions to take during insurgencies.

Teaching Methodology: Discussion

➢ The teacher asks the students to do a short playlet on crime scene
➢ The teacher demonstrates using teaching aids a security agency and duties.
➢ The teacher ask student discuss any crime they have witnessed.

Teaching Aids: Charts and videos

CONTENT
KIDNAPPING
Kidnapping is a criminal act that involves the unlawful abduction or taking away of
an individual against their will, often involving the use of force, threats, or
deception. The primary purpose of kidnapping is typically to demand a ransom,
exert control over the victim, or commit other criminal activities such as extortion
or human trafficking.
Kidnapping is considered a serious offense in most legal systems, as it violates an
individual's basic rights and poses a significant threat to their safety and well-
being. Laws and penalties for kidnapping vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but
the act is universally condemned as a violation of personal freedom and security.
THE TYPES OF KIDNAPPING
Traditional Kidnapping
Involves abducting a person with the intent to demand a ransom or achieve some
other specific goal.
Express Kidnapping
A type of kidnapping where the victim is abducted for a short period, often to extort
money quickly. The perpetrators may demand a small ransom or force the victim to
withdraw money from an ATM.
Political Kidnapping
Kidnapping carried out for political motives, such as to advance a political agenda
or to put pressure on a government or organization.
Parental Kidnapping (Family Abduction)
Involves one parent taking a child without the consent of the other parent, often as a
result of a custody dispute.
Tiger Kidnapping
A form of kidnapping where the perpetrator forces a person, typically an employee,
to assist in a crime, such as robbing their own workplace or providing access to
secure areas.
Virtual Kidnapping
Involves convincing the victim, often through a phone call, that a loved one has
been kidnapped, even though they have not. The goal is to extort money from the
victim quickly.
Sexual Kidnapping
Kidnapping with the intent to commit sexual assault or other forms of sexual
violence against the victim.
Child Abduction
The unlawful taking of a child by an individual, typically not related to the child,
without the consent of the child's legal guardians.
Human Trafficking
Involves the abduction and transportation of individuals for the purpose of forced
labour, sexual exploitation, or other forms of exploitation.
Opportunistic Kidnapping
Involves kidnapping without a predetermined plan, often a crime of opportunity
where the perpetrator seizes the chance to abduct a person.
 EVALUATION
HOMEWORK
1. Answer the exercise questions 1-10 (Pages 111) of your Civic and Security
Education Text Book 3
2. State three effects of insecurity on an individual and the society.
Period: 2
Duration: 40 Minutes
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
✓ explain the meaning of human trafficking.
✓ explain the meaning of drug trafficking.
✓ enumerate the factors responsible for human and drug trafficking.
✓ highlight the consequences of human and drug trafficking.
CONTENT
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Human trafficking is the practice where people especially children and women are
taken away from their homes to provide domestic labour or sexual services to other
people either within or outside their country.
Women and children trafficking is a social vice. It is like slave trade. In Nigeria,
many of these children are used as domestic servants, hawkers etc. In other
countries they are used for inhuman and wicked activities like prostitution,
smuggling, drug trafficking etc.
THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN TRAFFICKING (WOMEN
AND CHILDREN)
✓ Poverty: The major cause of human trafficking is poverty which makes people
to look for means of survival thereby submitting to perpetrators of this act
either consciously or unconsciously.
✓ Poor economic situation of the country: Poor economic situations has
brought poverty and hardship to the people.
✓ Excess love for material wealth makes so many people to involve themselves in
this act.
✓ Greed also makes some people to indulge in this social issue.
✓ Peer influence also makes some people engage in this act.
✓ Unemployment makes some people either become perpetrators or victims.

THE CONSEQUENCES OR EFFECTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The effects or consequences of human trafficking could be grouped into the
following and they are;
1. Physical consequences
2. Psychological consequences
3. Sociological consequences
 PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES
✓ Physical Injuries: Victims are wounded or injured on many occasions as a
result of beating and other forms of maltreatment meted out of them.
✓ Physical Deprivation: Many of the victims are deprived of the basic necessities
of survival such as food (balanced diet, clothes, medical attention, education and
their fundamental human rights
✓ Rape and Sexual Assaults: Sometimes, traffickers rape their female victims
and expose them to all forms of sexual assaults, including prostitution
✓ Diseases and Death: As a result of maltreatment meted to them, sexual assaults
and exposure to violence becomes inevitable. Consequently, many victims
contract sexually transmitted diseases (STD) such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis and
gonorrhea which could lead to untimely death.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Lack of Trust and Confidence: Victims of human trafficking seem not to trust
or have confidence in anybody after the experience.
Emotionally Unstable: with all the violent acts, maltreatment and threats
experienced by the victims, they sometimes become emotionally unstable. They
are depressed, hopeless, and full of shame and have the feeling of inferiority.
Sexual Addict: Having been exposed to different forms of sexual practices,
indiscriminate sexual engagements become their habit.
Nightmare: Often times, victims after flashing back, would become disturbed
by the nightmares of their past experiences.
Stigmatization: Identified victims may be given unusual names in the society
upon their return. This may prevent them from living well and associating
freely with the people in their society.

DRUG TRAFFICKING
Drug trafficking is the carrying of drugs, especially hard drugs like heroin,
cocaine and marijuana from where they are produced to where they are
consumed. It is the process and activity of illegally transporting these drugs
from one point to another.
Middle men and women engage in carrying these drugs for the major dealers
are called drug barons. Drug trafficking is a serious offence all over the world.
In some countries, it is a punishable offence by death.
THE LIST OF DRUGS THAT ARE TRAFFICKED
✓ Methamphetamine
✓ Cocaine
 ✓ Marijuana
✓ Heroin
✓ Indian Hemp
THE REASONS FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING
✓ Poverty
✓ Unemployment
✓ Bad company
✓ Greed
✓ Ignorance
✓ Lack of personal discipline

THE DANGERS (CONSEQUENCES) OF DRUG TRAFFICKING

When drug traffickers are caught, they are often sentenced to long period of
imprisonment if not death sentence. Some countries subject them to shameful or
horrible death like hanging.
Countries known for harboring drug traffickers are avoided by other countries
It destroys the youth of a nation because it distracts them from pursuing useful career
since their believe is that it can give them easy money
Drug traffickers are regarded and treated as criminals so their conduct brings shame
to their families and the nation.
Drug traffickers are exposed to the risk of swallowing unimaginable quantities of the
drugs which might burst in their stomach and thereby resulting to their untimely
death.
THE MEASURES OF PREVENTING DRUG TRAFFICKING
Some of the measures that can be taken to prevent drug trafficking in a country
include:
✓ The Police, Immigration department and the National Drug Law Enforcement
Agency (NDLEA) must be well equipped to fight drug trafficking.
✓ The arrested ones must be adequately punished.
✓ There must be employment opportunities provided by the government for the
youths.
✓ Poverty alleviation measures must be properly carried out.
✓ The citizens must be educated on the dangers of drug trafficking.
✓ There must be collaboration of the state with other nations of the world to
combat drug trafficking.
✓ There should be an intensive wide campaign against drug trafficking carried
out in the media by the three tiers of government.
 EVALUATION
CLASSWORK
1. Differentiate between human trafficking and drug trafficking.
2. List five measures of preventing drug trafficking.
3. Highlight five causes of human and drug trafficking you know.