While it is known that India is the largest producer of Mango in the world, it is equally

important to understand the mango growers in the world and what do these countries do
with their mangoes. This would provide Indian exporters with an insight towards value
addition possibilities and look towards upgradation in the global value chain.

The global mango market is currently in a transitional period. Mexico is finishing earlier due
to excessive rainfall at the end of the season and Senegal also saw its campaign ending
abruptly. Brazil has been on the market for a few weeks and is likely to become the most
important exporter of mangoes in the coming weeks. In the meantime, Israel is supplying the
usual volumes, mainly to the European market.Since the stocks are limited at the moment
and the demand for mangoes is increasing, prices should increase. However, this trend will be
limited somewhat, as more and more mangoes are arriving from Brazil. In the coming weeks,
the mangoes from Spain and Italy will also hit the shelves again, although the yield is
expected to be lower than in the previous season.

The Netherlands: Exceptionally good time in the mango market

After a somewhat difficult period, the mango market has been going through an
exceptionally good time in recent weeks, say Dutch importers. "After an abrupt end of the
Senegalese season, Brazil has been on the market for a few weeks. Spain is only just starting
up and Israel is supplying its usual volumes. This has resulted in a limited supply, and prices
even reached a peak two weeks ago. There are no longer any such peaks, but the prices for

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Brazilian mangoes are still good. The yield in Spain appears to be a little lower this year, and
Israel won't be flooding the market either. Consequently, there are good prospects for the
coming weeks. The market situation will undoubtedly change again, but there are no signs of
that yet."

Belgium: Little supply results in high prices

The situation on the mango market is very unusual. The Senegalese season ended two to
three weeks early. In addition, the start of the Israel season also took place two to three
weeks late. As a result, there are currently few mangoes available. The prospect is that from
this week on, more Israeli mangoes will become available. Moreover, the Brazilian mango
season is also starting. Due to the low volumes on the market, prices have been high for a
long time and the demand is good.

Germany: Mangoes shipped by air available in the supermarket

There is currently a sufficient supply of mangoes on the German market. Tommy Atkins
mangoes arrive by ship for relatively low prices. This variety is very fibrous and the fruit is
usually green, which is not really desirable. Due to the lack of quality, only small volumes of
this mango are sold, according to a trader from Central Germany who also markets ready-to-
eat mangoes. "The color and quality is not that good, so we have seen a sharp drop in the
demand."

The mangoes that arrive by air freight are the most popular, says the expert. "Israel is
currently supplying the market with good varieties and the quality of this country's mangoes
continues to improve." He also sees a growing demand for mangoes in the summer months,
which is a period when the demand is mostly oriented towards local summer products.The
price for Israeli mangoes is very reasonable, so supermarkets are also able to include
mangoes in their range. "The small sizes are cheaper compared to the fruit from Brazil or
Peru," says the expert. With the summer coming to an end, the trader expects the demand to
rise further until the end of September.

France: Spain will follow after the Israeli season

The Israeli season will come to an end within two weeks and a small volume of Kents is being
shipped from Brazil by air. The Spanish campaign is also about to start. The Spanish mangoes
that are already coming on the market are still too green. When it comes to the quality of
Spanish mangoes, the prospects are good, but due to the weather conditions (little rainfall), a
20% reduction in the volume is expected.

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Spain: Season kicks off with lower volumes

Last week, the harvest of the first Osteen mangoes kicked off in the province of Malaga, the
most important growing region in Spain. The harvest started a bit earlier this year, albeit with
lower volumes. This is an OFF-year for the older areas, which means that the yield will be
lower. The younger areas are delivering slightly greater volumes this year. The total
production could therefore be 30% lower. Most of the production will consist of medium
sizes, which is good for the trade. Also, growers report that the quality is good and
homogeneous. The most important variety is the Osteen, but later varieties, such as the Keitt
and Palmer, are becoming increasingly interesting for Spanish growers.

Despite Israel's strong competition, the market is looking good for Spanish mangoes. The
most important destination for Spanish exports is Europe, but distant markets, such as
Canada, are also becoming more popular. This year, the South African market may also open
to Spanish mangoes. The necessary inspections before an export protocol can be signed are
still on-going.

Italy: Season delayed by 15 days

The demand for mangoes in Italy and Europe is still growing. Italy is the number 8 in Europe
when it comes to importing mangoes. The volume of domestic mangoes is also on the rise.
The majority of the total of 100 hectares devoted to mango cultivation is in Sicily. The mango
season has been extended. In addition to the Kensington Pride, the early Irwin and the late
Kent, Keitt and Maia are also cultivated. However, research is needed with some varieties,
such as the Gleen, in order to improve the production capacity. The yield is limited and the
sizes are small. With other varieties, it is necessary to combat diseases that otherwise
drastically reduce the yields.

The flowering and fruit set have undergone an evident delay due to the climatic instability in
April/May: about fifteen days later than the previous seasons. Harvest began in the past
seasons in the week 34/35, now there are small quantities available but plentiful volumes are
expected in week 37/38. It started 15 days later than the previous campaign, with the harvest
kicking off in week 34/35. The volumes are now small, but there should be enough stocks by
week 37/38. In spite of the delay, the supply remains stable thanks to imports from Israel and
South America arriving by plane and by ship. The demand is also stable compared to last
year.

South Africa: Growers concerned about dry weather in Limpopo

After the blossom, the fruit of South African mango trees has started developing. The harvest
is expected for December. Last season there was an increase in the volume compared to the
previous year, although the official figures are not yet available. Dry weather in the Limpopo
region is a cause for concern for growers and may have an impact on the fruit's development.

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Water management is looking better in the Hoedspruit cultivation region. Last year, slightly
more mangoes than normal were exported to the European markets, the Middle East and a
little to India. Here too, the official figures are not yet known.

United States: Transition in the demand, supply and prices

The mango market in the United States is in transition, with the switch from the Mexican
season to the Brazilian one. The last mangoes from Mexico are still being shipped from the
northern regions, but those will see a sharp drop in the production in the coming weeks. The
Mexican season is coming to a close at a normal time of the year. California has a limited
acreage devoted to mangoes. The season there runs from mid-September to mid-October.

The demand for mangoes in the US is also in a transitional period. “In the summer months,
there are different types of fruit available. Suddenly, consumers then realize that there are
fewer mangoes in stock," says a trader. “The popularity of mangoes is on the rise, especially
among the younger consumers. Furthermore, the sale of sliced, peeled and ready-to-eat
mangoes is growing, as well. This is giving an extra boost to the demand."With both the
supply and demand in transition, the price is also subject to changes. Prices were low in
August, but given the shrinking stocks, they rose again at the end of the summer. Just like
last year, the price is currently stable.

Mexico: Late harvest rained out

The last mangoes of the season are currently being harvested. The next campaign is expected
to start in the south of the country in February. Bearing in mind that last year's production
continued until October, this time the season has come to a close earlier than expected. This
is due to excessive rainfall at the end of the season. Because of the earlier start of the
campaign in Brazil, there is no gap in the market. In general, the season has gone well for the
Mexicans, with a 2% increase in the volume compared to last year.

Brazil: The most important producer in the coming weeks

The Brazilian season has started earlier than expected and will dominate the global mango
production with the Tommy Atkins. Brazil will be the market's largest supplier until early
November, after which mangoes from Ecuador will also be available. Ecuador is expected to
start around mid-September. Due to weather conditions, the season is expected to start late.
The season usually ends in January, after which Peru comes on the market. The Brazilian
product is expected to further penetrate in the United States, reaching the markets that are
normally dominated by Mexico until well after the end of the season, such as Texas. The
volume is expected to rise by 10% this year.

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Australia: Low temperatures cause a delay in the harvest

The mango season is about to start in the north of the country. Temperatures at night remain
low in the Darwin region and that will delay the harvest of the mangoes. In the Katherine
region, the temperature remains cool as the fruit develops. Because of this, the harvest is not
expected to start until the beginning of October. In Western Australia, the temperatures are
also lower than usual, slowing down the growth of the mangoes. In addition, strong gusts of
wind are expected to cause the fruit to fall from the trees. The harvest in the west is expected
to start at the end of September, with a peak in October and November. The season runs
from August to the end of March with changing production regions.By the end of June 2018,
83,315 tons of mangoes had been harvested in Australia. This was an increase of 36%
compared to the previous year. Exports also increased by 8%, with half of them going to
Hong Kong and Singapore. The most important varieties were the Kensington Pride (41 &),
Calypso (29%), R2E2 (14%) and Honey Gold (7%).

Details information country-wise is appended below

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 Country-wise detail information
Country Production Exporting Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Characteristics Price End-Use/ Products Additional
Period to Period ($/kg) Comments
Netherlands NA (Transit France, All Year Kent Large, oval fruit with dark green 1.77 Canned, dried and frozen mangoes, Strict phytosanitary
country) Portugal, Round skins, sometimes with a dark red dry mangoes for consumption and requirements, Re-
Germany, blush. They have juicy, tender golden as ingredients, semi-processed like exports to all EU
Netherlands, flesh with few fibers, which makes mango pulp, ready-to-eat countries, additional
UK, Belgium them excellent for juicing.00-900g in mangoes, bakery and other ripening as majority
weight, Fibreless flesh, sweet with a items,mango flavoured beverages stock is re-exported,
good flavour perceived as a healthy
Keitt Rounded Oval shaped, Yellow to light snack option.
red colour, 450-800g in weight, Preference for
Fibreless flesh yellow in colour, European consumers
sweet flavour prefer a deep-yellow
Tommy Oblong/Oval shaped, Orange-yellow mango that develops
Atkins to dark/light red in colour, 400-600g a reddish-pink tinge.
in weight, Medium fibred, Good
quality flesh, Long shelf life
Haden Medium Sized fruits, Orange-
yellowish in colour (visually
appealing), 400-600g in weight,
Moderate fiber and juicy, Harvested
in Jaunary-february
Osteen Essentially the only variety of
mangoes grown in Europe, cultivated
in an organic regime, Plump mango,
usually with pale green skin going to
pale yellow or mottled yellow as it
ripens, but often with a heavy
purple-red blush as well., Mild,
sweet, fragrant and fiberless,
Harvested in August-November
Palmer Green in colour, Coastal Fruit, Large
fruits, 523g in weight, orange-yellow
and has a mild and aromatic flavor,
with minimal fiber, making it a late-
season cultivar
Nam Doc Upcoming exotic variety, very little
Mai fibre, easily removable skin, strong
and pleasant aroma, and very sweet
taste, 250-400 gms

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Country Production Exporting Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Characteristics Price End-Use/ Products Additional Comments
Period to Period ($/kg)
Spain Mid August- Germany, August- Kent Large, oval fruit with dark green skins, 1.65 Freshly sliced mangoes and Main mango grower in
November France, December sometimes with a dark red blush. They have juices, Canned, frozen EU, Main supplier of
Norway, juicy, tender golden flesh with few fibers, mangoes, mango pulp, bakery Tommy Atkins, pharma
Belgium, which makes them excellent for juicing.00- and other items, mango industry uses, higher
Sweden, UK 900g in weight, Fibreless flesh, sweet with a flavoured beverages priced than other
good flavour countries
Keitt Rounded Oval shaped, Yellow to light red
colour, 450-800g in weight, Fibreless flesh
yellow in colour, sweet flavour
Tommy Oblong/Oval shaped, Orange-yellow to
Atkins dark/light red in colour, 400-600g in weight,
Medium fibred good quality flesh, Long
shelf life
Red Flattened egg shaped with an intense red
Palme colour, thin peel, excellent quality pupl,
intense colour without fibres, 400-700 g
Irwin Fibreless, Pleasant aroma, mild but smooth
flavour, firm, juicy, smooth skin develops an
eye-catching dark red blush at maturity
Osteen Essentially the only variety of mangoes
grown in Europe, Plump, Mild, sweet,
fragrant and fiberless, Harvested in August-
November
Peru November - Netherlands, November- Kent High quantity of edible pulp (fruit) low Dehydrated Mangoes,
April USA, Spain, May content of fibre, good colour and Preserved, Fresh, Juices/
Haden
UK, Korea, appearance as well as very good quality and Drinks/ Frozen
France, Tommy flavour
Canada, Atkins
Chile, Palmer
Germany

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Country Production Exporting Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Characteristics Price End-Use/ Products Additional
Period to Period ($/kg) Comments
Pakistan May- UAE, UK, MAY- Langra Size medium to large, ovate, base round to slightly Eaten Fresh, Juices
September Oman, OCTOBER flatten, shoulders equal. Beak minute but distinct,
Saudi sinus slight to absence, skin green and thin, flesh
Arabia, fibreless, yellowish brown in color, scented, highly
Qatar, melting, very sweet. Stone very small, flattened,
Afghanistan, oval. 1st to 3rd week of July. Heavy yielder.
Germany, Aman Dusheri Size small to medium, oblong, ventral, shoulder
Norway, higher than dorsal, beak and sinus absent, color
yellow when ripe, skin thin, pulp fibreless, flesh
firm, very sweet, flavor nice. Stone very small,
oblong, variety good to very best, bearing heavy,
mid season (July)

Sammar Bahist Fruit medium, base slightly flattened, shoulders

equal, sinus very light, beak point prominent, skin
greenish yellow, thin, pulp yellow, very sweet,
sparsely fibrous, flavor pleasant to delicious. Stone
medium and oblong, oval. 13 Quality of the fruit is
very good, keeping and peeling qualities well.
Ripening season July-August.

Fajri Kalan Size big, oblong, obliquely oval, base rounded,

shoulder unequal, with ventral higher than the
dorsal, beak distinct, sinus very shallow with
rounded apex. Skin thin, pulp color pale, fibreless,
taste sweet with pleasant flavor. Juice moderate
to abundant. Stone large, oblong. Fruit quality
good to very good bearing late season August

Muhammadwala Size small to medium, skin thick, yellow brown,

pulp sweet, juicy, stone medium sized, fiber very
little, very hard variety, season early August

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Ratul Anwar Fruit medium, ovate, base flattened with equal
shoulders, which are rounded, beak not
prominent, absent in some cases, sinus absent,
and apex round. Skin medium thick. Flesh firm,
fibreless, flavor very pleasant, with very sweet
taste. Juice moderately abundant. Some medium
oval. Fruit quality very good. Ripening season in
July (Mid-Season). Keeps well in storage.
Sindhri Fruit shape ovalish long. Size big, length 15 cm,
breadth 8 cm. Thickness 7.4 cm. Weight 14.0 oz.
Base obliquely rounded, cavity absent, Ventral
shoulder rising and round, dorsal ending in a
curve. Skin color lemon yellow when ripe, Surface
smooth. Pulp color Yellowish cadium. Texture fine
and firm fibreless. Stone medium size. Flavor
pleasantly aromatic, taste sweet. Heavy yielder,
early season.

Bangalpali Another variety of Sindh. Fruit shape is obliquely

oval, Size is big, length about 14 cm. Breadth 9.1
cm Thickness 8.2 cm. Weight 22.0 oz. Base
obliquely flattened. Cavity not prominent. Stalk
inserted obliquely. Shoulders ventral typically
razed, broader and much more higher than dorsal.
Back almost rounded. Skin color dark green and
glazy when unripe. Yellowish light green with very
light crimson patches when ripe. Surface smooth,
shining. Dots small distinct
Neelum Variety of Sindh. Fruit shape ovate, size small,
length 7.7cm breath 5.9cm thickness 5.6cm weight
5.0oz. The base is rounded. Stalk inserted
squarely. Cavity slight to absent, Shoulders
unequal. Ventral is higher than dorsal, back
rounded. Sinus slight to shallow, Beak acute to
obtuse. Apex rounded Skin color sea green when
unripe & yellow with reddish tinge when ripe.
Surface smooth. Small dots with numerous small
glands

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Country Production Exporting Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Characteristics Price End-Use/ Additional Comments
Period to Period ($/kg) Products
United Mar-May, Canada, May-Jun Haden Fruit large (to 24 oz.), regular ovate, US$0.91 Consumed Consumers in the United States tend to confuse
States Oct-Dec UK, yellow almost covered with red, - 2.5 fresh, ripeness with colour, preferring red skinned mangoes to
Mexico, flavour mild, little fibre, Averages a per frozen, non-showy varieties. Key reasons for consumers not to
Belgium little less than a pound and is quite piece dried, as buy mangoes are unfamiliarity with the fruit or lack of
round for a mango, with only a flavouring knowledge as to how to select a ripe mango or cut and
slightly oval shape. Its skin turns agents, in prepare the fruits. Interestingly, 34 percent of
from green to yellow-orange when salads, consumers who buy mangoes state that they would buy
ripe. The flesh is yellow in colour, smoothies, fresh cut mangoes, while 38 percent would buy organic
firm, juicy and is abundant in fibre. cakes mangoes, if available. Americans prefer canned
The flavour is rich and sweet with a mangoes because they like to have something out of
weak pleasant aroma the ordinary. Additionally, mangoes enjoy an ethnic
Irwin Fruit medium, 12-16 oz., elongated, market among Asian and Hispanic Americans
ovate regular in form, orange yellow
with deep blush, flesh bland,
fibreless.
Jul-Sept Keitt Fruit large (20-26 oz.), ovate with
slightly oblique apex, green, flesh
rich, fibre only around seed, green
when ripe, with only a very faint
yellow or rose blush. The yellow-
gold flesh is juicy, fibreless except
close to the seed. Light in aroma, it
has a full flavour, with pronounced
lemony tang and medium
sweetness
Late Jun- Kent Fruit large (20-26 oz.), regular
Aug ovate, greenish yellow with red
shoulder, flesh rich, fibreless.
May-Jul Tommy Fruit medium to large, 16 oz. with
Atkins thick skin, regular ovate,
orangeyellow covered with red and
heavy purple bloom. Firm, juicy,
medium fibre, fair to good quality.

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Country Production Exporting to Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Price End-Use/ Additional Comments
Period Period Characteristics ($/kg) Products
Kenya November Oman, Saudi Arabia, Uganda, Tanzania, Oman: Kent Ovate shaped, Greenish 1.55 Mango Kenya has seen a rise of
to April United Arab Emirates Sep to Jan Yellow Colour, 600-900g in flavoured 400% in their Mango
UAE: Nov weight, Fibreless flesh, juices, exports between 2007-12
to April sweet with a good flavour Sweetened (ITC report)
Saudi Keitt Rounded Oval shaped, mango soft
Arabia: Yellow to light red colour, drinks,
Sep to Jan 450-800g in weight, Mango Pulps,
Fibreless flesh yellow in Mango bread
colour, sweet flavour loaf
Tommy Oblong/Oval shaped, (Singapore),
Atkins Orange-yellow to dark/light Mango
red in colour, 400-600g in Puree,
weight, Medium fibred Concentrates,
good quality flesh, Long Mango
shelf life sauces and
Haden Medium Sized fruits, chutneys,
Orange-yellowish in colour Stewed
(visually appealing), 400- Mangoes,
600g in weight, Moderate Used as
fiber and juicy, Harvested in dressing in
Jaunary-february salads,
Apple Coastal variety, Large,round desserts and
and apple shaped fruits, other dishes,
Rich yellow-orange to red
colour, 380g in weight,
Fleshy, juicy and fiberless,
Harvested in November-
January
Ngowe Green in colour, Coastal
Fruit, Large fruits, 523g in
weight.

11 | P a g e
Country Production Exporting to Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Price End-Use/ Additional
Period Period Characteristics ($/kg) Products Comments
Australia September Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore October to Kensington Oval shaped, Yellow to 2.9 Hong Kong: Australia
to January and the United Arab Emirates December and Pride Orange skin, Vibrant Eaten with Production
January to Yellow flesh, Medium rice, Brilliance : Every
February (Asian fibre content, Sweet and Consumed in mango has a
Markets). Tangy flavoured with a the form of barcode which
Rich juicy texture shakes, used can be traced to
Calypso Round shaped, Yellow for gifting identify who
coloured with a pink purpouses, packed it and its
blush, Yellow pulp, 350- Dried condition when it
500g in weight, Sweet mangoes. was
mild flavour Singapore: A packed.Barcodes
high trend of on fruit and
ordering packing boxes
mangoes store data that
online, meets a demand
Mango for traceability
sticky rice is and helps with
a delicacy, yield predictions.
R2E2 Round ovate shaped, Mango Hong Kong:
Green-Yellow flesh, bread loaf, Large trend of
Lemon Ywllow pulp, 600- Mango is millenials shifting
1000g in weight, Low on also used in to veganism, and
fibre content, Sweet mild a variety of hence an
flavour desserts increase in
Honey Oval shaped, Medium to consumption of
Gold large sized, Golden skin, fruits such as
Yellow/orange flesh, mangoes. Hui
Firm fibreless juicy flesh, Lau Shan is a
Rich sweet flavour major mango
Keitt Ovate shaped, Green- dessert chain
Yellow colour, Lemon based out of
Yellow pulp, 400-1000g Hong Kong
in weight, Medium fibre primarily uses
content, Sweet-mild Mangoes from
flavour Philippines.

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Country Productio Exporting to Exportin Varieties Attributes/ Price End-Use/ Additional
n Period g Period Characteristics ($/kg) Products Comments
Vietnam February - China, UAE, Republic of Korea, Russian All Xoai Cat Fragrant, Sweet, No 1.29 Freshly cut Imports from
May : South Federation, Australia Months Fiber, Small seed fruit after Indonesia,
May - Xoai Tuong Green, Fragrant, meal, Goi Thailand,
September : (Consumed Sour in Xoai - Cambodia, Lao,
North Vietnam), Ability to green China; Peak
prevent cancer mango produce is in
November - Xoai Xanh Sour salad with April
December : fish and
Production shrimp.
not possible Green
a mango
commercial pickle,
scale Mango
leaves in
rice,
Frozen
mango
Indonesia June to China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Hong All Harumanis Juicy, Less Fiber, 1.24 Freshly cut Peak Produce
December Kong, Singapore Months Green, Fragrant, fruit after in September
August to meal,
December Mangga
Golek Long, Yellow on Apel and
ripening, Little Golek -
Fiber, Little sour Roujak
when young (Spicy fruit
Gedong Gincu Red Peel, Fragrant, salad)
Fibourous
Avocado Green, Sweet, Less
Mango Fibres,Hybrid of
mango gadung and
mango honey,
Peels like avocado
Mangga Apel Round like Apples,
Two variants -
Green and Red,
Green - Sour, Red -
Fragrant and
Sweet, No fiber

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Country Production Exporting to Exporting Varieties Attributes/ Price End-Use/ Additional
Period Period Characteristics ($/kg) Products Comments
Mexico Feb-August US,Canada,Japan,Spain,France,Netherland June- Kent Large fruit, green 0.51 Eaten as is, For market
s,Chile August with occasional red Salads acceptance,
blush, smooth flesh requires post-
with minimal to mild harvest
fiber, very juicy with ethylene
a sweet, rich flavor, treatment to
(800g) enhance
Feb-July Tommy Atkins Large, oblong Eaten as is color.
shaped, green skin
that has some hues
of red, juicy flesh
with a smaller pit and
moderate fiber,
strong and pleasant
scent, (450-700g)
March-July Ataulfo Kidney-shaped, no
fibrous texture,
velvety smooth,
green to a deep
golden yellow when
fully ripe, sweet and
full
March- Haden Oval-round, yellow to Ready-to-eat
June red-orange blush
when ripe, juicy and
yellow pulp, sweet in
flavor and have
moderate fiber
August- Keitt Oval-shaped, green
Sept skin, smooth, sweet
and juicy with mild
fiber, flavorful
aroma,smaller pit,
(500-700g)

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Country Production Exporting to Exporting Period Varieties Attributes/ Price End-Use/ Additional
Period Characteristics ($/kg) Products Comments
Brazil August- Netherlands, Spain, US, August-December Tommy Atkins Large, oblong shaped, 0.81 Ready-to- Occupies 80%
December Portugal, UK, Canada, Russia, green skin that has eat of the
France, Germany, Argentina, some hues of red, juicy cultivated
Chile, Korea flesh with a smaller pit area
and moderate fiber,
strong and pleasant
scent, (450-700g)
Haden Rounded, yellow and
red coloration with
lenticels, yellow-orange
flesh, slightly sour,
(350-550g)
Palmer Oblong in shape, with a
slight apical lip, red to
purple coloration,
thick, tough skin, (450-
700g)
Keitt Oval-shaped, green
skin, smooth, sweet
and juicy with mild
fiber, flavorful
aroma,smaller pit
Espada Poly-embrionic, yellow Juices
when ripe,
Bourbon
Uba Eaten Fresh,
Juices
Rosa

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All you wanted to know about exporting Mangoes from India

1. Why should you pick up Mangoes for exports?

Huge Export Surplus

India is second largest fruit producer in the world, after China with it’s production of fruits
and vegetables during the current year estimated to be 314.5 million tonnes emerging out
of 25.87 million hectares (mh). Out of the entire basket of horticulture produce from the
country, mango occupies top position in coverage of total fruit crops area (21.83%) and hold
second rank in total fruits production (35.53%) next to banana crop.

“We are relaxed since we have

ample export surplus for you
to pick up the mangoes for
exports.
The country's mango production has been
increasing every year and is estimated to be
up by 8 percent to approx.. 22 million
tonnes by 2018-19.

There has been a focus on improving productivity of mangoes under the central sponsored
scheme Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture with special emphasis on
mango production enabling India to capture 77% of the global mango production.

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Indian mangoes are accepted world over (values in 000’
usd)

This mega share of global

production of mangoes in
India has also been able to
translate itself in exports
depicting a continuous rising
trend of exports of mangoes
for over a decade now
wherein mango exports from
India had reached an epitome
of 63,599 thousand USD.

Global demand for fresh mangoes is increasing (values in

000’ usd)

This growth in mango exports from India would remain sustainable for years to come
considering the growing import demand of fresh mangoes in the world. Global demand
of mangoes which was meagre 1.4 USD million in 2009 have been facing a continuous rise
reaching a promising figure of 3.2 USD million recently giving huge potential for Indian
mangoes to capture the rising global demand.

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It’s not just fresh mangoes but also allied products
While the global demand for fresh mango is on rise; trade in mango allied products
gives an equal great opportunity due to continuous increase in consumption of
mango and mango-based products coupled with rising preference for naturally
sweet fruit-based ingredients. This comes out true especially for processed mango
products, wherein the recent global market size is estimated at USD 16.55 billion
further projected to register a growth rate of 6.4%. Additionally, the global mango
puree market has beencurrently valued at around USD 950 million is expected to
grow by 7.7% and is expected to reach approximately USD 2,120 million by 2024.
This is especially true for organic mango puree segment which is expected to
dominate the global mango puree market.

The major factor that is likely to support the growth of the mango puree market is the
increased product demand from the beverage industry in the upcoming years. Various
large-scale food producers have introduced products based on mango puree into the
market. Various companies, such as Starbucks, McDonald's, etc., largely use fruit purees in
their smoothies. These smoothies are in large demand among the consumers, which is
likely to positively leverage the mango puree market in the future. Moreover, increasing
consumption of flavored yogurt in various regions across the globe is anticipated to
further support the growth of this market. The organic mango puree is in higher demand
by consumers due to growing awareness regarding the usage of organic products.
Alternatively, increasing product applications in various segments, such as ice cream and
baby food, is expected to create many growth opportunities for the key players operating
in the global mango puree market in the future.

Mango-flavored beverages such as Frooti and Maaza are expected to witness significant
growth over the forecast period. These beverages require mango pulp as one of the major
flavoring ingredients. As a result, manufacturers like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and Nestle are
driving the demand for mango pulp and taking initiatives for improving mango
production. Recently, Coca-Cola, launched a program with Jain Irrigations, a major market
player for processed mango products in India, to improve yields. Such initiatives are
expected to drive the demand for primary processed mango products like mango pulp
and Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) mango.

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Which export markets should you target?
Appreciating the fact that global import demand of mangoes is on rise, let’s see which are
the countries in the world where import demands on rise where you should target your
exports. While the absolute value and volumes of imports are highest in the USA, China,
Canada, Spain and Russian Federation; certain newer markets where Indian exporters of
mango can look into are Thailand, Russia, Poland and Oman.

China and USA are topmost importers of Mango in the World

Middle Eastern markets which have always been target and dream destinations for Indian
mangoes are on a declining import trend for past three years.

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Global import trends of Mango: country positions(usd 000)

Increasing imports Decreasing imports

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Indian exporters need to diversify their existing
export markets to newer ones

prime global importers

prime export markets for india

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As can be witnessed, India’s major export markets includeprimarily UAE, Saudi Arabia, UK
etc, focus needs a shift and possible diversification to newer markets in Asia Pacific zones
including China, Vietnam and Korea and Canada and Spain amongst the developed
markets.

Gap Analysis between India’s exports versus Actual imports of

Mango: countrywise analysis

The markets with greatest potential for India’s exports of mangoes & mangosteens, fresh
or dried are United Arab Emirates, China and Netherlands. China shows the largest
absolute difference between potential and actual exports in value terms, leaving room to
realize additional exports worth $52.3 mn.

Possibilities of export diversification for Indian Mangoes as stated in the figure below
indicates in countries including China, Netherlands, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and UAE;
exports from India need to grow at faster rate since it’s not catching up with the growth in
imports of mango in these countries.

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Possibilities of Export Diversification for Indian Mangoes

1. Are import demands in these markets sustainable?

Import Penetration Index which indicates the extent to which domestic demand is
satisfied through imports; highlights highest import demands fulfilled via imports in case
of Singapore followed by UAE, Switzerland and UK. Self-sufficient markets where huge
consumption status may not necessarily mean export opportunity since low IPI includes
Canada, Saudi Arabia and Italy.

IPI index
Singapore 1.049
UAE 0.014
Switzerland 0.013
UK 0.009
Oman 0.007 For a given country, a value close to 100 in a certain industry, implies
USA 0.004 that domestic demand is mainly fulfilled by imports and domestic
Canada 0.004
production tends to be exported. A value close to 0 means self
Saudi Arabia 0.001
sufficient, i.e. domestic demand is mainly satisfied by domestic
Italy 0.001
production. A value above 100 illustrates measurement problems which
may occur when combining production and trade data. It is important
to bear in mind that exports can exceed production.

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 2. KNOW YOUR COMPETITORS IN THESE MARKETS: understand
your viability in prime importing countries of mango
In the above identified markets where import penetration indexes are high, acceptance of
India’s mango as against its competitors are depicted by Trade Intensity Index1 values as
depicted below. Higher values of Trade Intensity Index as against the competing suppliers
certainly indicates an opportunity for Indian mango exporters in the markets. Such
markets includes, UK, Canada, USA, Saudi and Italy.

TII values of Indian Mangoes versus competing suppliers in prime importing destinations
Export values in 000’USD

1
Trade intensity index is the ratio of a trading partner’s share to a country/region’s total trade
and the share of world trade with the same trading partner. It is calculated as:

where tij is the dollar value of total trade of country/region i with

country/region j, Tiw is the dollar value of the total trade of country/region i with the world, twj is
the dollar value of world trade with country/region j, and Tww is the dollar value of world trade.
An index of more than one indicates that trade flow between countries/regions is larger than
expected given their importance in world trade.
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 3. Understand your consumers

While it’s important to understand the growing markets globally, it is equally important to
understand the consumption pattern of mango in these importing countries.

What is the best time of the year to export to these countries?

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Europe
France
Germany
UK
USA
South East
Asia

Consumer behaviour of mango across buyers

Thailand  Green, unripe mango - crunchy texture and slightly sweet nutty taste.
 In Thailand, a dessert known as kao niow ma-muang is prepared by mixing
fresh mango slices with sweet sticky rice and coconut cream.

Singapore  Mangifera Indica is imported from south of India

 Alphonso mangoes imported from Ratnagiri, India
Mango Dishes
 Mango Sticky Rice
 Green Mango Salad
 Mango Pudding
 Mango Sago
 Mango Bread Loaf
 Mango Royale

Indonesia  Mangga Arumanis - fragrant and sweet, dark green skin coated with thin
grayish natural wax, The flesh is deep yellow, thick, and soft with little to no
fiber. Mangga Arumanis is best eaten when ripe
 Mangga Indramayu - strong aroma with a little bit of strong sweet flavour,
bigger in shape, green and yellowish skin. It has thick, slightly watery flesh
and prominent fibers, making it best consumed during dry season.
 Mangga Golek - longer shape, green-yellowish skin with light brown dots,
not too sour and the flesh is crispy and thick yet soft, not too watery and
fibrous, tastes sweet and has deep yellow to orange colour
 Mangga Kweni - flesh is mushy with a lot of water and fibers. Usually, young

27 | P a g e
 Mangga Kweni is mixed in Rujak, while ripe Mangga Kweni is mixed in Es
Campur (fruit cocktail with ice and syrups).
 Mangga Manalagi - Ripe Mangga Manalagi has sweet taste with thick,
heavy, and fibrous flesh. It’s best eaten fresh.
 Mangga Apel - shape is round, just like apple, skin is green and slightly
reddish on the upper part. Young Mangga Apel tastes sour and has crispy
texture, ripe Mangga Apel tastes sweet and has soft texture. best consumed
as Rujak.
 Mangga Gedong Gincu - smaller size and a little bit flat, green, yellow, or
red. A ripe Mangga Gedong Gincu has reddish skin and fragrant aroma. The
flesh is yellow-colored and fibrous, difficult to cut.

Malaysia  Fruit Salad, Rojak

 Mango chicken
 Sticky rice

South Africa South Africans prefer having anti-oxidnt diets

Breakfast –
 Grilled mango with French toast, mango parfait, (Ripe mangos used)
 Snacks – (used as semi-ripe: with a taste of sour)
 Mango & chicken – waldorf salad
 Mango ham
 Mango & blue cheese salad
 Mango sweet chilli salad

As BBQ mango
 Drinks
 Lassi, Mojito, Granita, Smoothie,

Desserts :
Mango yogurt popsicles, pudding, mango icings on cake etc

Nigeria  Ogbono is the seed of the African wild mango. The seed is dried and
then milled for ogbono soup powder. This is one of the easiest and
fastest Nigerian soups to prepar
 Nigerians prefer high content of beta carotene

Morocco An important detail in Moroccan gastronomy is that every meal is followed

by a fruit. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner styles in the Moroccan gastronomic
culture were also found in the Ottoman culture.

Mauritius  Raw mango – grated for salads, along with chilli and other spices –

28 | P a g e
 used with rice dishes
 mango pickels
 It can be consumed either raw, ripe or blended as a juice.
Mauritians almost always demand pickles when having their meal. There are
several ways of making mango pickles. Some people prefer it grated, known
as “ Kutcha” by the locals, or diced into small pieces and mixed with all the
required spices known as “Achard”. Anotherstyle of pickled mangos is drying
diced and salted mangoes in the sun, before being mixed with oil and other
spices and then preserved in a pot for further use
 Dried Mango Pickles
Pickled mangos can also be done with dried mangoes. The procedure of
roasting the spices as well as the mangoes
 Confit- Spicy Mango Salad
A combination of raw mango and pineapple along with cucumbers mixed
with salt, chili powder and vinegar is known as “confit” by most of the
locals. It is one of the most popular street foods on Mauritian streets. It is a
real feast to the mouth!

Tanzania 1/3rd population dominated by Muslims – lot of fruits consumed in the

Ramadan month
1/3rd population dominated by Hindus.
Tanzania traditional after-meal custom for guest : served with fresh fruits.
Mango cashew pudding – use of ripe mangoes
Urojo soup – mango and ginger

Seychelles mango and corn salad+ bat rice dish

Switzerland mango swiss role, mango and coconut smoothies

New Zealand  Sorbet, Milkshakes,Icecream,

 Mango+ maple syrup
 Mango+ hot chilli,
 Mango + peanuts+ beans+ green papaya and garlic
Brush mango cheeks with oil and chargrill them before sauteeing them in
the pan with butter, seeds of a vanilla pod and sugar to accompany toffeed
brioche and crumbled Amaretti biscuits,tropical take on Venice's famous
peach Bellini, chill the pureed flesh of one mango and spoon 3/4 cup into a
jug, then slowly pour in a bottle of Prosecco
 SPICED CHICKEN & MANGO SALAD, ARMAGNAC AND MANGO CREPES,
Mango with coconut sushi rice, fresh herb crust and mango salsa with
mussels, Pork chops with Cajun rub and apple-mango compote
 Lettuce cups filled with bright prawns and topped with mango salsa and a
hint of chilli, smoothies with mango and yoghurt

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China Consumption: Mango Pudding, Mango Tapioca Gel, Mango Shrimp, Mango fruit
Traditions: The mangoes were held up as a symbol of Chairman Mao's love for the
workers and quickly became holy relics themselves. According to traditional Chinese
medicine, mango regenerates the body’s fluids, stops coughs, and strengthens
digestion. It has also been found to have incredible anti-inflammatory properties,
hormone-regulating vitamin E, blood-building iron, and bone-strengthening
minerals
Patterns: Consumers prefer bigger mango sizes

Korea Republic Consumption: Silken mango mousse, spread of mini mango pavlovas, dainty pots of
mango ‘pudding’, mango coconut smoothies, and mango ice cream with fresh
mango topping, fish with Tuna and avocado

Bangladesh Consumption: Raw mango jam, Green Mango Juice, Mango Chutney, Mango Shake,
Mango Yoghurt, Mango Pickle, Kairi ka Panna, Kairi Sharbat

Bhutan Consumption: Raw mango jam, Green Mango Juice, Mango Chutney, Mango Shake,
Mango Yoghurt, Mango Pickle, Kairi ka Panna, Kairi Sharbat

Hong Kong Consumption: Mango pudding is a very popular dessert

Sri Lanka Consumption: Some varieties you can have a raw mango juice which tastes a little
like a june berry (amberella) juice.Raw mangoes can also be cooked as a curry and
when it is close to ripening, can be made into achcharu – a popular and delicious
roadside snack made with salt, chili powder, vinegar and sometimes a splash of
sugar. Then there is chutney, ice cream and it is an essential in the Sri Lankan fruit
salad.
Mango achcharu - Famed among our street food, mango achcharu tastes best when
barely ripe raw mangoes are used and mixed in with an ample fusion of pepper, salt
and chili powder.
A serving of mango curry or mango chutney is always welcome on plate of rice and
curry.
Pakistan Consumption: Mango lassi frozen yogurt, Mango bread, Mango-mint limeade,
Mango chicken salad, Mango iced tea, Mango pancakes, Mango sorbet with lemon
thyme, Mango milkshake

Maldives Consumption: Tuna Curry with ginger, cinnamon, mango and coconut

Where can you procure Mangoes within India?

Variable geological and geographical conditions existing in India are very much favorable
for growing a large array of horticultural crops throughout the country.

There are nearly 1000 mango varieties in India. However, only about 20 varieties are
30 | P a g e
grown commercially. Most of the Indian mango varieties have specific ecogeographical
requirements for optimum growth and fruiting.
Dashehari, Langra, Chausa, Bombay Green and Fazri in north India; Banganapalli, Totapuri,
Neelum, Pairi, Suvarnarekha, Mulgoa, Kalapadi and Rumani in south India; Alphonso,
Kesar, Mankurad, Fernandin and Vanraj in western India and Langra, Fazri; Chausa,
Zardalu, Himsagar and Malda in eastern India are grown commercially. Brief
characteristics of these varieties are given below:

Commercial Varieties
Characteristics of important commercial mango varieties are as under:
1.Banganapalli (Baneshan, Safeda):

 State: Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

 It is a commercial variety of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
 It is also known as Chapta, Safeda, Baneshan and Chapai.
 Fruit is large in size and obliquely oval in shape.
 The colour of the fruit is golden yellow.
 Fruit quality and keeping quality are good. It is a mid season variety and is good
for canning. Variety suited for dry areas and biennial in habit.

2.Bombay Green

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  State: Uttar Pradesh and Haryana
 Bombay Green: It is commonly grown in north India due to its early fruiting quality.
Fruit size is medium, shape ovate oblong and fruit colour is spinach green. Fruit
quality is good and keeping quality is medium. It is a very early season variety,
biennial in habit, highly susceptible to both vegetative and floral malformation.

3.Dashehari

 State: Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab.

 Dashehari: This variety derives its name from the village Dashehari near Lucknow. It
is a leading commercial variety of north India and one of the best varieties of our
country. The fruit size is small to medium, shape is oblong oblique and fruit colour
is yellow. Fruit quality is excellent and keeping quality is good. It is a mid season
variety and is mainly used for table purpose. Dashehari is susceptible to mango
malformation. Dashehari 51 is regular bearing and yielding clone of Dashehari.

32 | P a g e
4.Fajri

 State:Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.

 Fajri: Fruit is very large, obliquely oval in shape. Fruit colour is light chrome. Fruit
quality and keeping quality are medium. This is a late season variety.

5.Fernandin

 State: Goa
 Fernandin: This is one of the oldest varieties of Bombay. Some people think that
this variety originated in Goa. Fruit size is medium to large, fruit shape is oval to
obliquely oval and fruit colour is yellow with a blush of red on shoulders. Fruit
quality and keeping quality are medium. It is a late season variety mostly used for
table purpose.

6.Himsagar

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  State: West Bengal and Bihar
 Himsagar: This variety is indigenous to Bengal. This is one of the choicest varieties
of Bengal and has gained extensive popularity. Fruit is of medium size, ovate to
ovate oblique in shape. Fruit colour is yellow. Fruit quality and keeping quality are
good. It is an early season variety.

7. Kesar

 State: Gujarat
 Kesar: This is a leading variety of Gujarat with a red blush on the shoulders. Fruit
size is medium, shape oblong and keeping quality is good. It is an early season
variety, ideal for pulping and juice concentrates.

8. Kishen Bhog

34 | P a g e
  State: West Bengal and Bihar.
 Kishen Bhog: This variety is indigenous to Murshidabad in West Bengal. Fruit size is
medium, fruit shape oval oblique and fruit colour is yellow. Fruit quality and
keeping quality are good. It is a mid season variety.

9. Langra

 State: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal and
Punjab.
 Langra: This variety is indigenous to Varanasi area of Uttar Pradesh. It is extensively
grown in northern India. Fruit is of medium size, ovate shape and lettuce green
colour. Fruit quality is good but keeping quality is medium. It is a mid season
variety.

10.Mankurad

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  State: Goa and Maharashtra.
 Mankurad: This variety is of commercial importance in Goa and in the
neighbouring Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. The variety develops black spots on
the skin in rainy season. Fruit is medium in size, ovate in shape and yellow in
colour. Fruit quality is very good but keeping quality is poor. It is a mid season
variety.

11.Hilario

 State: Goa
 Hilario (Manghilar / Mangilal): It is a popular variety in Goa, after Mancurad. It is
known for its sweetness. Bearing is alternate or irregular, one or two branches may
bear fruits every year, medium yielder cluster bearing. Fruits are medium to small in
size. It is a very late variety maturing fruits even up to July.

11.Mulgoa

36 | P a g e
  State: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka.
 Mulgoa: This is a commercial variety of south India. It is quite popular among the
lovers of mango owing to high quality of its fruit. Fruit is large in size, roundish
oblique in shape and yellow in colour. Fruit quality and keeping quality are good. It
is a late season variety.

12.Neelum

 State: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Orissa.

 Neelum: This is a commercial variety indigenous to Tamil Nadu. It is an ideal variety
for transporting to distant places owing to its high keeping quality. Fruit is medium
in size, ovate oblique in shape and saffron yellow in colour. Fruit quality is good
and keeping quality is very good. It is a late season variety.

13. Samarbehisht Chausa

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State: Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
Samarbehisht Chausa: This variety originated as a chance seedling in the orchard of a
Talukdar of Sandila district Hardoi, U.P. It is commonly grown in northern part of India
due to its characteristic flavour and taste. Fruit is large in size, ovate to oval oblique in
shape and light yellow in colour. Fruit quality is good and keeping quality is medium. It is
a late season variety.

14.Suvernarekha

State: Andhra Pradesh and Orissa

Suvernarekha: This is a commercial variety of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh.
Other synonyms of this variety are Sundari, Lal Sundari and Chinna Suvernarekha. Fruit is
medium in size and ovate oblong in shape. Colour of the fruit is light cadmium with a
blush of jasper red. Fruit quality is medium and keeping quality is good. It is an early
season variety.

15. Vanraj

38 | P a g e
State: Gujarat
Vanraj: It is a highly prized variety of Vadodra district of Gujarat and fetches good returns.
Fruit is medium in size, ovate oblong in shape and colour is deep chrome with a blush of
jasper red on the shoulders. Fruit quality and keeping quality are good. It is a mid season
variety.

16. Alphonso

State: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.

Alphonso (Happus): This is the leading commercial variety of Maharashtra state and one
of the choicest varieties of the country. This variety is known by different names in
different regions, viz. Badami, Gundu, Khader, Appas, Happus and Kagdi Happus. The fruit
of this variety is medium in size, ovate oblique in shape and orange yellow in colour. The
fruit quality is excellent and keeping quality is good. It has been found good for canning
purpose. It is mainly exported as fresh fruit to other countries. It is a mid season variety.

17.Bangalora

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State: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu..
Bangalora (Totapuri): It is a commercial variety of south India. The common synonyms of
this variety are Totapuri, Kallamai, Thevadiyamuthi, Collector, Sundersha, Burmodilla, Killi
Mukku and Gilli Mukku. The fruit size is medium to large, its shape is oblong with necked
base and colour is golden yellow. Fruit quality is poor but keeping quality is very good. It
is widely used for processing. It is a mid season variety; used for processing; heavy and
regular bearing variety; susceptible to bacterial spot.

18. Zardalu

State: West Bengal, Bihar

Zardalu: This variety is indigenous to Murshidabad in West Bengal. It derives its name
from Zardalu, a dry fruit popular in North West Frontier Province and Sindh in Pakistan
owing to similarity in shape. Fruit size is medium, oblong to obliquely oblong and golden
yellow in colour. Fruit quality is very good. Keeping quality is medium. It is a mid season
variety.

40 | P a g e
Hybrids

1. Mallika (Neelum x Dashehari)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 1971
(Institute Variety Release Committee)
Worlds first mango hybrid released for with commercial cultivation. Regular in bearing
with semi-vigorous growth habit. Size of the fruit large (307g), good taste (TSS 24 ºBrix),
fibreless with good flavour. Fruits ready for harvest by the 3rd week of July in northern
India. Suitable for processing and export. It has become a major commercial export
variety of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal.

Yield : 18-20 kg per tree (10th year).

2. Amrapali (Dashehari x Neelum)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 1979
(Institute Variety Release Committee)
Distinctly dwarf, highly regular and precocious. Fruits regular for harvest by the 3rd week
of July in northern India. Fruit size small to medium (120 to 160g) and fibreless. It has high
TSS (22.8 ºBrix) and ß-caratene content (16,830 µg/100g pulp). Suitable for blending
mango pulp. Ideal for high density planting (1,600 plants per ha).

Yield : 15-20 kg per tree (10th year).

3. Pusa Peetamber (Amrapali x Lal Sundari)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2001
(through Institute Variety Release Committee).
It is regular bearer, semi-vigorous and suitable for closer planting (278 plants/ha). Fruits
are having attractive oblong shape, bright yellow peel. It is moderately resistant to mango
malformation and major insect pests of mango. The fruits weight about 213 g with
attractive yellow peel colour with higher juicy pulp (73.6%). It has medium total soluble
solids (18.8%), rich in vitamin C (39.8 mg/100 g pulp) and ß-carotene content (11,737
µg/100g pulp).
Yield: 20-25 kg per tree.

41 | P a g e
4. Pusa Shreshth (Amrapali x Sensation)
Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2011
(SVRC, Delhi)
It is unique hybrid having regularity in bearing, attractive elongated shape, red peel and
orange pulp. Plants are semi-vigorous and suitable for closer planting (6m x 6m). Fruit
medium sized (228g) with attractive red peel colour and higher pulp content (71.9%). The
total soluble solids are 20.3%, vitamin C (40.3mg/100g pulp) and ß-carotene content
(10,964 ug/100g pulp). It has pleasant flavour with self life (7 to 8 days) at room
temperature. It is suitable for domestic market as well as international market

Yield : 20-22 kg per tree

5. Pusa Surya (Selection from Eldon)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2002
(SVRC, Delhi)
Trees semi-dwarf and suitable for closer planting (6m x 6m). Fruit ripens by mid-July in
northern India, medium to large (260 to 290 g) with attractive apricot-yellow peel colour
with pink-blush. Pulp with medium TSS (19.0 °Brix) with long shelf-life (10 to 12 days) at
room temperature after ripening. Suitable for both domestic and international markets.

Average Yield: 12-15 kg per tree (10th year)

6. Pusa Arunima (Amrapali x Sensation)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2002
(SVRC, Delhi)
Regular bearer, semi-vigorous and suitable for closer planting (6 m x 6 m). Fruits medium
to large in size (230 to 250 g) with attractive red peel and medium TSS (19.5 °Brix). It is
suitable for both domestic and international markets, with long shelf-life (10 to 12 days)
at room temperature after ripening.

Yield : 15-20 kg per tree (10th year).

7. Pusa Lalima (Dashehari x Sensation)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2011
(through Institute Variety Release Committee)

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Regular bearer, semi-vigorous and are suitable for closer planting. Fruits are attractive in
shape and having red peel and orange pulp. The fruit (209 g) having attractive red peel
colour and higher pulp content (70.1%). Pulp with medium total soluble solids (19.7%),
vitamin C (34.7 mg/100 g pulp) and high ß-carotene content (13,028 µg/100 g pulp). It
has good flavour with shelf life (5 to 6 days) at room temperature. It is suitable for
domestic market as well as international market.

Yield: 50-60 kg per trees.

8. Pusa Pratibha (Amrapali x Sensation)

Developed By: Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi in the year 2012
It is a unique hybrid (Amrapali x Sensation) having regularity in bearing, attractive fruit
shape, bright red peel and orange pulp. It has 7 to 8 days shelf- life at room temperature
after ripening. The plants are semi-vigorous and about 278 plants of this hybrid may be
accommodated in a hectare (6 m x 6 m) as against 100 plants of Dushehari (10 m x 10 m).
On per plant basis, it yields about 3.0 times higher than Dushehari, which includes ‘On’
and ‘Off’ year fruiting. It has good sugar: acid blend and above all uniformity in fruit size,
which is lacking in Amrapali.

9. Arka Anmol (Alphonso x Janardhan Pasand)

Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
It is a semi-vigorous type, regular bearing and is amenable for high density planting. It is a
late season variety, fruits coming to harvest during second to third week of June. Fruits
are oblong in shape, medium sized, weighing on an average about 300-330 g. Stalk is
inserted vertically. Fruits on maturity will be dull green in colour, attaining uniform golden
yellow colour on ripening. Skin is thin and smooth. Pulp is orange coloured, firm and free
from fibre and spongy tissue with good sugar-acid blend. TSS is around 19 °Brix. The pulp
recovery is about 70-75%. Keeping quality is good.

10. Arka Neelkiran (Alphonso x Neelum)

Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
It is the progeny from the cross Alphonso x Neelum. It is a late season variety, fruits come
to harvest during last week of June. Tree is semi-vigorous in nature. Fruit is elliptic in
shape, medium sized weighing on an average about 270-280g. Fruit stalk is inserted
vertically. Fruits on ripening get golden yellow blush. Skin is smooth, medium thick. The

43 | P a g e
pulp is deep yellow in colour and firm. It is free from fibre and spongy tissue. Pulp
recovery is 70%. Keeping quality is good.

11. Arka Puneet (Alphonso x Banganapalli)

Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
It is a mid- season variety. Plants are vigorous and regular bearing. Fruit stalk is attached
vertically. Fruits are elliptical and on ripening become yellow coloured with red blush. Pulp
is firm, orange coloured and is free from fibre and spongy tissue. TSS is around 21°Brix.
The pulp recovery is about 65-70%. Keeping quality is good.

12. Arka Aruna (Banganapalli x Alphonso)

Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
Fruit weighs on an average about 500 g. Pulp is pale yellow in colour, free from fibre and
spongy tissue. Pulp recovery is about 80%. TSS is around 20°Brix. Regular bearing, dwarf
statured, suitable for backyard planting, and amenable for 5 x 5 m planting, a mid- season
variety.

13. Arka Udaya (Arka Amprapali x Arka Anmol)

Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
It is a sweet, high-yielding variety of mango with a long shelf-life. It can stay fresh at room
temperature for about 10 days without refrigeration. It is a late-season variety and yields
after other mango fruit trees have stopped fruition. The tree bears fruit every year. The
yield was high at around eight tonnes. The trees were planted at a density of five by five
metres.

14. Arka Neelachal Kesari (Clonal selection)

Developed By: Central Horticultural Experiment Station (IIHR), Bhubaneshwar
Extra early (ripening in March), Colour, high yield and fruit fly free in coastal Orissa. TSS 18
°Brix, excellent fruit quality, fruit weight 200-230g, crimson red fruit colour, free from fruit
fly and malformation.

Yield: 50-60 kg/tree (10 year old)

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15. Arka Suprabhath (Amrapali (Dashehari x Neelam) x Arka Anmol (Alphonso x
Janardhan Pasand))
Developed By: ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR), Bengaluru
ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru developed a double cross mango hybrid between Amrapali
(Dashehari x Neelam) x Arka Anmol (Alphonso x Janardhan Pasand). It is a medium
vigorous, regular and bunch bearing, high yielding (35-40 kg/plant after 4 years of
planting), fruit weight ranged from 240-250g, fruit shape is like Alphonso and has pulp
colour of Amrapali, deep orange firm pulp, pulp recovery (>70%), TSS(>22?B), acidity
(0.12%), carotenoids (8.35mg/100g FW) and flavonoids ( 9.91 mg/100g FW) and it has got
the shelf life of 8-10 days at room temperature.

16. Sonpari (Alphonso x Baneshan)

Developed By: Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari in the year 2000 from Agriculture
Experimental Station, Paria
This mango hybrid was developed by taking Alphonso as female parent and Baneshan as
male parent. The trees of Sonpari are vigorous in growth, heavy yielder and regular in
bearing. The fruits are obliquely oval in shape like Baneshan, big in size weighing 360–
550g. The TSS is more than19.5% with lower acidity 0.18% and higher total sugars 14.46%.
The keeping quality is very good and fruits remain in good condition for more than 10
days at room temperature. The fruits mature in second week of June.

17. Neelphonso (Neelam x Alphonso)

Developed By: Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari in the year 1986 from Agriculture
Experimental Station, Paria
The mango hybrid Neelphonso was released in the year 1986 from AES, NAU, Paria. This
hybrid is moderate regular in bearing but have late bearing tendency. The fruits ready for
the harvest in July-August and when most of the mango variety will be harvested. The
oval oblique shaped fruits of Neelphonso are medium in size weighing about 200g. The
skin colour on ripening becomes apricot yellow while the pulp becomes orange yellow.
Due to thick, smooth skin the fruits do not get damaged by rain. The fruits are free from
spongy tissue disorder and are moderate resistant against fruit fly. The pulp texture firm,
non-fibrous, highly suited for table and juice purpose with excellent keeping quality. The
TSS is more than 21.5% with lower acidity 0.18% and higher total sugars 14.42%.

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18. Neeleshwari (Neelam x Dashehari)
Developed By: Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari in the year 1986 from Agriculture
Experimental Station, Paria
This mango hybrid was released in the year 1986 from AES, NAU, Paria. Fruit size is
medium weighing about 228g with prominent sinus. The skin color on ripening turns
apricot. yellow while pulp colour becomes yellow. The thin smooth skin adheres to
moderately firm textured flesh. The non-fibrous juicy pulp suited for table as well as juice
purpose and has moderate keeping quality. The TSS is more than 19.00% with moderate
acidity 0.21% and higher total sugars 13.90%.

19. Neeleshan Gujarat (Neelam x Baneshan)

Developed By: Navsari Agriculture University, Navsari in the year 1986 from Agriculture
Experimental Station, Paria
It bears attractive obovoid shaped fruits heavily and regularly. The average weight of fruits
is about 318g with higher pulp content of 76%. On ripening the skin become cadmium
yellow while the pulp becomes attractive golden yellow in colour. The fruit skin is thin,
smooth, moderate adhering to pulp with firm non-fibrous texture. Fruit TSS is 16-17%
with moderate acidity 0.21% and total sugars 13.09%. The fruits are suited for table
purpose and have very good keeping quality of more than 10 days after ripening.

20. Ratna (Neelum x Alphonso)

Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 1981
Regular bearer, large size ovate shape, slightly elongated fruits, beak absent, greenish
orange colour with prominent oil glands, orange colour flesh excellent taste, free from
spongy tissue, excellent for processing as well as table purpose, cluster bearing habits.
Yield: 250-300 fruits/tree

21. Sindhu (Ratna x Alphonso )

Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 1992. Thin stone (6-7 g), higher percentage of pulp, regular bearer, attractive red
blush on fruits, free from spongy tissue cluster bearing habit.
Yield: 200-250 fruits/tree
Collected from http://www.dbskkv.org/Research/Varieties_Fruit-Crops.html

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22. Konkan Ruchi (Neelum x Alphonso)
Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 1999
Regular bearer, large fruit size, thick skin, acidic, best for pickle purpose.

Yield: 250 fruits per tree

23. Suvarna (Alphonso x Neelum)

Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 2009
It has good qualities of Alphonso and has tendency to bear every year like Neelum, it has
cluster bearing habit, high percentage of hermaphrodite flowers in panicle.

Yield: 260-280 fruits per tree

24. Konkan Raja (Bangalora x Himayuddin)

Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 2010
Konkan Raja is a cross combination between Bangalora and Himayuddin. This variety has
better fruit size (616 g) than parents Bangalora (170.3 g) and Himayuddin (350 g). Less
sour due to less acidity 0.19% and TSS 8.50 °Brix of unripe fruits. It is best for salad
purpose. This variety has high percentage of perfect flowers (28.8 %), regular bearer
having higher pulp percentage (83 %) than the parents Bangalora (72.68 %) and
Himayiddin (6807 %) early maturing and good attractive shape and colour. The average
yield is (65.85 kg/plant).

25. Konkan Samrat (Alphonso x Tommy Atkins)

Developed By: Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in the
year 2014
It is a cross combination between Alphonso and Tommy Atkins. Hence female parent in
Alphonso & male parent in Tommy Atkins. This variety has better plant growth than
Alphonso and Tommy Atkins. Medium fruit size (284.50 g) as compared to the Alphonso
(250 g) and Tommy Atkins (484 g). The pulp percentage (73.28) is similar to Alphonso
(74.60 %) and Tommy Atkins (71.79 %). Good T.S.S. (20.03 0Brix). This variety has high
percentage of perfect flowers (27.52 %). Regular bearing, cluster bearing, spongy tissue

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free and low fibre. This is second hybrid having Alphonso as female parent and first hybrid
of exotic parent. This variety is ideal for table purpose.

26. Ambika (Amrapali x Janardan Pasand)

Developed By: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow in the year
2000
Fruits oblong oval, colour bright yellow with dark red blush, pulp dark yellow, firm with
scanty fibre and weighs about 300-350g. TSS is 21°B. It is a regular bearing variety and
late in maturity. The hybrid has potential for both internal and export markets because of
its attractive fruit colour.

Yields about 80 kg/plant by about 10 years of planting under improved cultural practices.

27. Arunika (Amrapali x Vanraj)

Developed By: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow in the year
2008
The tree produces dwarf and compact canopy. Fruits are smooth, orange yellow with red
blush, weigh about 190-210 g, medium sized, ovate oblique, pulp orange yellow, firm with
scanty fibre, pulp about 65%, TSS 24.6 °B. The hybrid has potential for both internal and
export markets because of its attractive fruit colour.
Average fruit yield is about 69 kg/plant at 8 years of planting.

28. Dashehari 51 (Clone of Dashehari)

Developed By: ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow
A regular bearing and high yielding clone of Dashehari was selected by exploiting clonal
variability. Besides bearing regular crop every year, this clone gives 38 per cent more yield
than other Dashehari trees.

29. PKM 1 (Chinnaswarnarekha x Neelum)

Developed By: The Horticultural College and Research Institute (HC&RI) (TNAU)-
Periyakulam in the year 1981
This is clonal selection from the hybrid, Chinnaswarnarekha and Neelum. Regular bearer
during both on and off years, suitable for long distance transport, fruit weight 250-300 g,
long, narrow with prominent beak.
Yield - 336 fruit(102.7kg/tree/ha).

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30. PKM 2 (Neelum x Mulgoa)
Developed By: The Horticultural College and Research Institute (HC&RI) (TNAU)-
Periyakulam in the year 1990
PKM 2 is hybrid of Neelum and Mulgoa. Large size fruits (681.3 g) high pulp content
(67.5% ), abundant juice, pleasant flavour, good keeping quality with high TSS.

The fruit comes to harvest during May.

31. Paiyur 1 (Clonal selection from Neelum)

Developed By: TNAU in the year 1992
This is a clonal selection from Neelum variety of mango from Karukkanchavadi village of
Kaveripattinam, Dharmapuri district. Trees are dwarf, low spreading and suitable for high
density planting (400 trees/ha as against the recommended 100 tress/ha). Orchard
management practices including harvesting are easy to perform because of short stature
of the trees. This is a regular bearer with a mean yield of 22.3 kg per tree (8929 kg/ha) at
nine years after planting. Fruits are medium long, ovate with yellow skin. Fruits have
excellent taste with good keeping quality. Fruits are medium in size with an average
weight of 150g - 200g.

32. Prabhashanker (Bombai X Kalapadi)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1951
Prabhashankar is one of the most adaptable varieties for Bihar, having high yield potential
to meet the demand of suitable mango varieties in the state. This is the 1st hybrid mango
variety developed in the world by crossing Bombai with Kalapadi, released in the year
1951.

This is a medium size tree resembles Bombai in shape, but superior than Bombai in
respect to yield and fruit quality parameters. Regular bearing, fruit size 9.2 × 6.9 cm,
average fruit weight 192.5 g, greenish yellow colour of peel at ripening, yellowish orange
pulp colour at ripening, pulp content 64.1%, TSS 23.0 °Brix and acidity 0.24%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.0-1.25 quintal fruit

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33. Mahmood Bahar (Bombai X Kalapadi)
Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1951
Mahmood Bahar is one of the most adaptable varieties for Bihar, having high yield
potential to meet the demand of quality materials along with high yield potentials. This is
the 1st hybrid mango variety along with Prabhashankar, developed in the world by
crossing Bombai with Kalapadi, released in the year 1951.

This is a Sturdy and medium size tree. Fruits are small in size, fibreless with excellent fruit
quality for table purpose. Regular bearing, fruit size 8.8 × 7.1 cm, average fruit weight 210
g, yellowish green colour of peel at ripening, yellowish orange pulp colour at ripening,
pulp content 71%, TSS 22.0 °Brix and acidity 0.25%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.0-1.25 quintal fruit

34. Jawahar (Gulabkhas X Mahmood Bahar)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1980
This is a Semivigorous, precocious, regular bearing variety with high pulp content. It is less
fibrous and very sweet in taste. Regular bearing, fruit size 12.5 × 7.2 cm, average fruit
weight 215 g, yellow with reddish tint at the top peel colour at ripening, yellow pulp
colour at ripening, pulp content 79.5%, TSS 22.5 °Brix and acidity 0.14%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.25-1.50 quintal fruit

35. Alfazli (Alphonso X Fazli)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1980
Alfazli is one of the most adaptable varieties for Bihar, having high yield potential to meet
the demand of quality materials along with high yield potentials. This is a hybrid variety
developed by crossing Alphonso × Fazli, released in the year 1980. This variety having tall
tree size, fruits are bigger in size, similar to Fazli with better quality than Fazli. Regular
bearing, fruit size 12.2 × 7.7 cm, average fruit weight 460 g, yellowish green peel colour at
ripening, light yellow pulp colour at ripening, pulp content 79%, TSS 18.5 °Brix and acidity
0.24%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.00-1.10 quintal fruit

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36. Sunder Langra (Langra? X Sunder Prasad)
Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1980
It has high yield potential with quality similar to Langra and regular bearing in nature. This
is a hybrid variety developed by crossing Langra × Sunder Prasad, released in the year
1980. Regular bearing, fruit size 10.5 × 7.5 cm, average fruit weight 240 g, yellowish red
peel colour at ripening, light orange pulp colour at ripening, pulp content 75.8%, TSS 22
°Brix and acidity 0.19%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.10-1.25 quintal fruit

37. Sabari (Gulabkhas X Bombai)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1989
Regular bearer, Peel colour: red, Pulp colour: reddish yellow, Avg. Fruit Wt. 153g., Pulp
content: 74%, TSS-22.5%

38. Menaka (Selection from Gulabkhash)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1994
It is one of the suitable varieties for the agro-climatic condition of Bihar with high yield
potential and very good quality. This is developed as a seedling selection from Gulabkhas,
released in the year 1994. Regular bearing, fruit size 15 × 9.2 cm, average fruit weight 300
g, yellow peel colour at ripening, deep yellow pulp colour at ripening, pulp content 75%,
TSS 20 °Brix and acidity 0.14%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.0-1.25 quintal fruit

39. Subhash (Chance seedling selection from Zardalu)

Developed By: Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur in the year 1994
Its fruits are similar to Langra in respect to shape and size with quality resembles to
Zardalu. This is developed as a seedling selection from Zardalu, released in the year 1994.
Regular bearing, fruit size 11 × 7.7 cm, average fruit weight 220 g, deep yellow peel
colour at ripening, yellow pulp colour at ripening, pulp content 66.1%, TSS 24 °Brix and
acidity 0.29%

Average Yield: 15 years old tree gives 1.25-1.50 quintal fruit

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40. Niranjan
Developed By: Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani in the year 1984
Fruits harvested at Dussehra & Diwali, sweet pulp, regular bearer, off season bearer.

Yield: 300-500 fruits/tree

41. Parbhani Hapus

Developed By: Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani in the year 1995
Regular bearer, free from spongy tissue and stone weevil, pleasant 200g/flavour, golden
yellow attractive colour.

42. Amrutang (This was collected from Amrutbhai Farm at Ratang village, Junagarh)
Developed By: Anand Agricultural University, Anand in the year 1994
Fruit (180 g) having length 10.50 cm and width 7.50 cm and higher pulp content 81 % and
pulp stone ratio 10.83:1.00. High yielder and resemble to ‘ Kesar’ variety.

Yield: 80-100 kg per tree

43. Manjeera (Rumani X Neelum)

Developed By: Fruit Research Station, Sangareddy (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West
Godavari)
Fruits very attractive and large, looks like Rumani. It is a dwarf variety, suitable for high
density planting. About 500 plants can be accommodated per hectare adopting a spacing
of 4.5 m either way. Tolerant to powdery mildew and hoppers.

44. KMH-1 (Kodur mango hybrid -1) (Cherukurasam x Khader)

Developed By: Fruit Research Station, Kodur (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West
Godavari)
It is a semi-dwarf type having regular bearing habit. The fruits are fibreless having high
Brix and low acidity.

45. Neeleshan (Neelum x Baneshan)

Developed By: H.R.S., Anantharajupet (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West Godavari)
This hybrid was released from H.R.S., Anantharajupet. It is a hybrid between Neelum and

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Baneshan. The fruits are medium in size with firm fibreless flesh. The fruit matures 15 days
later than Baneshan and catches the late market.

46. Neeluddin (Neelum x Himayuddin)

Developed By: Fruit Research Station, Kodur (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West
Godavari)
The fruits are medium sized weighing on an average 200 g each and intermediate
between the parents in shape. The skin is smooth, flesh is firm, melting and fibreless with
characteristic flavor. It is abundantly juicy, very sweet in taste and rich in chemical
constituents. Each tree bears 500 to 700 fruits regularly and comes to harvest in the last
week of May.

47. Neelgoa (Neelum x Yerramulgoa)

Developed By: H.R.S., Anantharajupet (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West Godavari)
The fruits are akin to Neelum but bigger in size and smooth skinned. The flesh is firm,
melting, fibreless, moderately juicy and very sweet in taste with a delightful flavour. The
fruit weighs 270 g and is rich in nutrients. It has a regular bearing habit and produces
1000 fruits just like Neelum and comes to harvest in the month of May.

48. Swarna Jehangir (Chinnasuvarnarekha x Jehangir )

Developed By: Fruit Research Station, Kodur (Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, West
Godavari)
The fruit resembles Jehangir in shape and skin characters, but slightly less in size weighing
230 g. The flesh is moderately firm, fibreless, abundantly juicy and very sweet with
pleasant flavour. It excels both the parents in yield and bears 600 fruits. The fruits are
harvested in the month of June and stands transport very well.

49. AU Rumani (Rumani x Mulgoa)

Developed By: Horticultural Research Station, Anantharajupet.
Fruit medium to large flesh melting, fibreless juice, fruit quality and bearing better than
parents, stands transportation well. This hybrid was released from Horticultural Research
Station, Anantharajupet.

50. Selection 5 (Seedling origin)

Developed By: Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricltural Science & Technology, Jammu

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Selection-5 (Jammu Mango) has been made from the mango tree of seedling origin. It
flowers in the 3rd week of February with full bloom in first week of March. It is moderately
resistant to mango malformation at flowering stage and has higher fruit set (14.66 per
cent) with 446.75 number of fruits per tree which yields to 85 q ha-1 at spacing of 10 x 10
m. It has total soluble solids of 18.91 °Brix and 14.68 percent of total sugars.

51. Sai Sugandha (Totapuri x Kesar)

Developed By: Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri in the year 1998
Late bearing, table purpose.

52. Phule Abhiruchi (Selection-GK-PM-5)

Developed By: Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (MPKV), Rahuri in the year 2014
Good for pickle purpose.

53. Chhattisgarh Nandiraj (Clonal selection of local mango from Nayapara,

Jagdalpur)
Developed By: Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
It has attractive shape, appearance and pleasant aroma. The proposed strain has an
average productivity of 280 kg/tree and average fruit size 200-250 g with acid blend. It is
very much comparable to Deshari and having good keeping quality and suitable for
export (TSS is 21.30 Brix and total sugar is 17.87%).

54. Pant Sinduri (Clonal selection of Dashehari )

Developed By: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Trees are medium in height with round top canopy. Fruit colour is yellow with pink
shoulder. Average fruit weight is up to 200g. Fruit pulp is yellow with pleasant aroma.
Total soluble solids vary from 16-18% with average yield up to 150 kg per tree. Fruit
matures during last week of May to first week of June.

55. Pant Chandra (Clonal selection of Dashehari )

Developed By: G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Plants are tall with erect growth habit. Fruit colour at maturity remains green. It is a mid-
season variety. Fruit weight is up to 150g. Fruit pulp is reddish yellow with total soluble
solids of 18% and having pleasant aroma.

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56. Cardozo Mankurad (Selection from Mankurad)
Developed By: ICAR - Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa
This germplasm is a promising selection for its attractive fruit colour, bigger fruit size
(320g) with better shelf life, higher contents (78.29%) of fibreless pulp, higher fruit yield
and regular bearing tendency.

57. Dashehari 35 (Clone of Dashehari)

Dashehari 35 is clone of Dashehari with average fruit weight of more than 150 g.
Consistency in the yield and this variety is recommended for cultivation in Telangana
conditions.

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