Mango Production

Submitted By: Nandan Kumar

PGDM (ABM) 2023-25
Indian mangoes come in various shapes, sizes, and colors with a wide variety of flavor, aroma,
and taste. The Indian mango is a special product that substantiates the high standards of quality
and bountiful nutrients packed in it. A single mango can provide up to 40 percent of the daily
dietary fiber needs - a potent protector against heart disease, cancer, and cholesterol build-up.
In addition, this luscious fruit is a warehouse of potassium, beta- carotene and antioxidants. In
India, mangoes are mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions from sea level to an
altitude of 1,500m. Mangoes grow best in temperatures around 27℃.

Varieties:
India is the home of about 1,000 varieties. However, only a few varieties are commercially
cultivated throughout India. Most Indian mango varieties have specific eco-geographical
requirements for optimum growth and yield. The Northern/Eastern Indian varieties are usually
late bearing compared to Southern and Western Indian varieties. Some of the local varieties of
mango bear fruits throughout the year in extreme southern parts of India.
The important commercial varieties are as :
States Variety
Andhra Pradesh Banganapalli, Suvarnarekha, Neelum and Totapuri
Bihar Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Fazli, Gulabkhas, Kishen
Bhog, Himsagar, Zardalu and Langra
Gujarat Kesar, Alphonso, Rajapuri, Jamadar, Totapuri, Neelum,
Dashehari and Langra
Haryana Chausa, Dashehari, Langra and Fazli
Himachal Pradesh Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
Karnataka Alphonso, Totapuri, Banganapalli, Pairi, Neelum and Mulgoa
Madhya Pradesh Alphonso, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Fazli, Langra and
Neelum
Maharashtra Alphonso, Kesar and Pairi
Punjab Chausa, Dashehari and Malda
Rajasthan Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
Tamil Nadu Alphonso, Totapuri, Banganapalli and Neelum
Uttar Pradesh Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari and Langra
West Bengal Fazli, Gulabkhas, Himsagar, Kishenbhog, Langra and
Bombay Green
Source: APEDA
Mango production worldwide from 2000 to 2022 (in million metric tons)
Global mango production 2000-2022
65
Production in million metric

60
55
50
45
tons

40
35
30
25
20
2002

2017
2000
2001

2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Source: Statista

Production volume of mango across India from financial year 2012 to 2022,
with an estimate for 2023 (in million metric tons)
Production volume of mango across India FY 2012-2023

22.5
Production volume in million

21.5
20.5
metric tons

19.5
18.5
17.5
16.5
15.5
FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023*

Source: Statista
Uttar Pradesh:
Production: 4,807.83 thousand tonnes (23.64% of India's total)
Reasons: Ideal climate and soil conditions for mango cultivation
Renowned varieties like Dasheri and Langra
Strong government support and initiatives
Andhra Pradesh:
Production: 4,676.06 thousand tonnes (22.99%)
Reasons: Coastal climate suitable for mango orchards
Popular varieties like Banganapalli and Neelam
Significant export market, especially to Middle East and Southeast Asia
Karnataka:
Production: 1,745.57 thousand tonnes (8.58%)
Reasons: Global recognition for Alphonso mangoes, the "King of Mangoes"
Favorable climate and soil conditions in coastal regions
Strong domestic and international demand
Bihar:
Production: 1,549.97 thousand tonnes (7.62%)
Reasons: Diverse range of mango varieties, including Chausa, Malda, and Fazli
Fertile soil and suitable climate for mango cultivation
Growing domestic and international market demand
Telangana:
Production: 1,157.73 thousand tonnes (5.69%)
Reasons: Emerging state with favorable climate and soil conditions
Government support and initiatives to promote mango cultivation
Increasing popularity of Telangana's mangoes in domestic and international markets
Gujarat:
Production: 997.83 thousand tonnes (4.91%)
Reasons: Known for Kesar mangoes, the "Queen of Mangoes"
Arid climate suitable for specific mango varieties
Strong focus on export market, particularly to the Middle East
West Bengal:
Production: 889.69 thousand tonnes (4.38%)
Reasons: Unique mango varieties like Himsagar and Malda
Fertile soil and adequate rainfall for mango cultivation
Strong domestic market demand
Top 10 Producing

TOP 10 PRODUCING STATE

Others
Madhya Pradesh 12%
3% Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu 24%
3%
Orissa
4%
West Bengal
4%

Gujarat
5%

Telangana Andhra Pradesh

6% 23%

Bihar
8%
Karnataka
8%

Trends in Mango Production:

Uttar Pradesh: As the leading producer, Uttar Pradesh is likely to continue mango production,
especially with government support and the popularity of varieties like Dasheri and Langra.
Andhra Pradesh: Known for Banganapalli mangoes, Andhra Pradesh is likely to maintain
production due to its favorable climate and strong market demand.
Karnataka: A significant producer of Alphonso mangoes, Karnataka is likely to continue, but
climate change and water scarcity could pose challenges.
Bihar: With its diverse mango varieties, Bihar is likely to continue production, especially if
market access and infrastructure improve.
Telangana: A relatively new state, Telangana is emerging as a major producer, and is likely to
continue with government support and favorable climatic conditions.
Gujarat: Known for Kesar mangoes, Gujarat is likely to continue, but water scarcity and
climate change could impact production.
West Bengal: With its unique Himsagar mangoes, West Bengal is likely to continue, but market
access and post-harvest losses could be challenges.

Why Uttar Pradesh is leading producer

Mango growers in Uttar Pradesh are set to benefit from a new central government initiative
aimed at boosting the export of selected fruits and vegetables, including mangoes. This pilot
project focuses on enhancing exports via sea routes, potentially opening lucrative international
markets for local farmers.
Uttar Pradesh, being one of India's leading mango-producing states, stands to gain significantly
from this initiative. The state government is also investing in modern infrastructure to support
exporters. The Central Institute of Subtropical Horticulture (CISH) in Lucknow is working on
improving mango quality and developing new varieties tailored to European preferences, such
as Ambika and Arunima.
To meet international export standards, particularly for the US and Europe, a radiation
treatment plant is planned near Jewar International Airport. This facility, the first of its kind in
North India, will use radiation to treat fruits and vegetables, extending their shelf life and
ensuring they are export-ready.
Additionally, the government is promoting advanced agricultural techniques like canopy
management to enhance the yield and quality of mangoes from older orchards. Despite Uttar
Pradesh's significant contribution to India's mango production—over one-third of the national
output—India currently holds only a 0.52% share of the global mango export market, far
behind competitors like Thailand and Mexico

Factors Influencing Continuation:

Profitability: If mango production remains profitable, considering input costs, labor, and
market prices, farmers are likely to continue.
Market Demand: Strong demand for mangoes, both domestically and internationally, can
incentivize farmers to maintain or expand production.
Government Support: Government policies, subsidies, research support, and market access
initiatives can encourage farmers to continue.
Climate Resilience: Farmers who adopt climate-resilient practices, such as drought-resistant
varieties or efficient irrigation, may be more likely to continue.

Factors Influencing Potential Discontinuation:

Climate Change: Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and unpredictable rainfall, can
negatively impact yields and quality, leading some farmers to reconsider.
Alternative Crops: If alternative crops offer better returns or lower risk, some farmers might
switch or diversify.
Economic Factors: Rising input costs, labor shortages, and market fluctuations can reduce
profitability, impacting farmers' decisions.
Value Chain of Mango