1 РІВЕНЬ. ОСНОВИ ТЕОРІЇ МОВНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ.

2 КУРС ФІЛОЛОГІЯ

1. What does the Latin root of the word “communication” mean?

 ✅ To put in common / to share

 ⭕ To persuade
 ⭕ To speak loudly
 ⭕ To control behavior

2. Which of the following is not one of Aristotle’s five communication skills?

 ✅ Expression
 ⭕ Invention
 ⭕ Memory
 ⭕ Delivery

3. According to communication theory, what is a model?

 ✅ A simplified representation of a process

 ⭕ A list of terms
 ⭕ A real conversation
 ⭕ A dictionary

4. Who is credited as the first known scholar to write about communication?

 ✅ Aristotle
 ⭕ Plato
 ⭕ Socrates
 ⭕ Lasswell

5. What is the purpose of communication, according to Aristotle?

 ✅ To affect others
 ⭕ Entertainment
 ⭕ Decoration
 ⭕ To isolate people

6. Which component is not part of Lasswell’s model of communication?

 ✅ Why
 ⭕ Who
 ⭕ What
 ⭕ With what effect
7. What does “Disposition” mean in Aristotle’s skills?

 ✅ Organizing ideas
 ⭕ Remembering facts
 ⭕ Expressing emotions
 ⭕ Using gestures

8. What do communication models help researchers to do?

 ✅ Assign probabilities and predict outcomes

 ⭕ Avoid analysis
 ⭕ Forget about social context
 ⭕ Ignore feedback

9. Which of these best defines communication?

 ✅ Exchange of meaning using symbols

 ⭕ Sharing physical goods
 ⭕ A one-sided action
 ⭕ A mathematical process

10. How many published definitions of communication exist, approximately?

 ✅ 126
 ⭕ 10
 ⭕ 30
 ⭕ 300

9. Which of the following is not one of the five main functions of communication?

 ✅ Entertainment
 ⭕ Regulation
 ⭕ Emotional Expression
 ⭕ Information

10. What type of communication is used to express desires, wants, or needs?

 ✅ Motivation
 ⭕ Regulation
 ⭕ Interaction
 ⭕ Feedback

11. Intrapersonal communication takes place:

 ✅ Inside our heads

 ⭕ In a small group
 ⭕ Between close friends
 ⭕ Through mass media
12. Which of these is an example of verbal communication?

 ✅ Speaking in a conversation
 ⭕ Facial expression
 Eye contact
 Tone of voice

13. Group communication involves:

 ✅ Three or more people working toward a shared goal

 ⭕ One person giving a speech
 ⭕ Communication with oneself
 ⭕ Random interactions

14. Which form of communication is most formal and sender-focused?

 ✅ Public
 ⭕ Intrapersonal
 ⭕ Group
 ⭕ Interpersonal

15. What is one major distinction of intrapersonal communication?

 ⭕ It's always verbal

 ⭕ It's meant to be perceived by others
 ✅ It's not intended to be perceived by others
 ⭕ It's conducted in a group

16. What type of communication most frequently results in miscommunication and conflicts?

 ⭕ Group
 ✅ Interpersonal
 ⭕ Intrapersonal
 ⭕ Mass

17. What is a mode in communication?

 ⭕ A type of speech
 ✅ A medium/channel of transmission
 ⭕ A feedback process
 ⭕ A social role

18. Which of the following is not a non-verbal cue?

 ⭕ Eye contact
 ✅ Speech
 ⭕ Posture
 ⭕ Gestures
 19. Which communication form requires the use of media technology?

 ⭕ Public
 ⭕ Group
 ✅ Mass

20. The function of communication related to building relationships is:

 ⭕ Motivation
 ⭕ Regulation
 ✅ Social Interaction

⭕ Information

21. What is a goal of mass communication creators?

✅ Create illusion of personal connection
❌ Achieve face-to-face intimacy
❌ Deliver messages personally
❌ Encourage feedback

22. In public speaking, the focus is primarily on:

✅ The audience
❌ The speaker’s feelings
❌ Message design
❌ Equipment quality

23. Mass communication lacks:

✅ An immediate feedback loop
❌ A clear purpose
❌ Structured messages
❌ A sender

24. Which form of communication is most influenced by social expectations?

✅ Interpersonal
❌ Group
❌ Public
❌ Mass

25. Which of the following occurs only in the mind?

✅ Intrapersonal communication
❌ Interpersonal communication
❌ Group communication
❌ Public communication

26. What distinguishes group communication from interpersonal communication?

✅ It’s task-focused and formal
❌ It uses more gestures
❌ It has fewer participants
❌ It lacks structure

27. Which function of communication deals with feelings and inner states?
✅ Emotional Expression
❌ Regulation
❌ Persuasion
❌ Information transfer

28. What does verbal communication rely on?

✅ Words and speech
❌ Gestures and posture
❌ Facial expressions
❌ Environment

29. What does effective communication require?

✅ The receiver understands the message as the sender intended
❌ The message is creative
❌ The sender dominates the conversation
❌ The topic is interesting

30. What is the final stage in the communication process?

✅ Feedback
❌ Encoding
❌ Message
❌ Channel

31. What does encoding mean?

✅ Converting an idea into words
❌ Receiving a message
❌ Giving feedback
❌ Reacting emotionally

32. What does decoding involve?

✅ Turning words into mental images
❌ Sending a signal
❌ Creating noise
❌ Translating physically

33. What is the purpose of a communication model?

✅ To simplify and visually represent communication
❌ To complicate interactions
❌ To hide meanings
❌ To limit speech

34. In the transmission model, what is emphasized?

✅ Message direction from sender to receiver
❌ Shared meaning
❌ Contextual interpretation
❌ Simultaneous exchange

35. What is semantic noise?

✅ Unfamiliar or confusing word meanings
❌ Loud background sound
❌ Bad handwriting
❌ Poor grammar

36. In which model are participants simultaneously senders and receivers?

✅ Transaction
❌ Transmission
❌ Linear
❌ Passive

37. What does cultural context involve?

✅ Multiple aspects of identity
❌ Only language use
❌ Clothing choices
❌ Facial expressions

38. Which model views communication as a means of creating social realities?

✅ Transaction
❌ Transmission
❌ Interaction
❌ Linear

39. Which term refers to people participating in communication as both senders and
receivers?
✅ Communicators
❌ Viewers
❌ Observers
❌ Hosts

40. What is noise in communication?

✅ A barrier that interferes with message transmission
❌ Background music
❌ Audience clapping
❌ Silence

41. What type of channel is writing an email?

✅ Mediated
❌ Verbal
❌ Nonverbal
❌ Visual

42. What does physical context refer to?

✅ The environment where communication happens
❌ Emotional state
❌ Cultural beliefs
❌ Group norms

43. What role does psychological context play?

✅ It includes stress, emotions, and anxiety
❌ It defines room layout
❌ It refers to language used
❌ It is unrelated to communication

44. What is the channel in communication?

✅ The method used to send a message
❌ The topic of discussion
❌ The speaker’s intent
❌ The response time

45. What is the primary criticism of the transmission model?

✅ It assumes communication is one-way
❌ It’s too interactive
❌ It ignores encoding
❌ It’s unclear

46. In which model is feedback introduced?

✅ Interaction
❌ Transmission
❌ Transaction
❌ Linear

47. What part of semantic structure deals with the sender’s purpose?
❌ Factual content
❌ Meaning for receiver
✅ Intention
❌ Decoding

48. Why may a message not be received as intended?

❌ Sender uses a dictionary
✅ Noise and subjective interpretation
❌ Message is too clear
❌ Receiver agrees instantly

49. What does communication primarily involve?

❌ One-way message delivery
❌ Random gestures
✅ Two-way process of giving and receiving information
❌ Text-only exchange

50. What is a common misconception about communication?

❌ It happens in dreams
❌ It is always non-verbal
✅ It “just happens” without awareness
❌ It is completely conscious

51. Which of these is NOT one of the four spheres of communication?

❌ Academic
❌ Civic
❌ Professional
✅ Technological

52. What skill is consistently in high demand among employers?

❌ Typing
✅ Interpersonal communication
❌ Sports abilities
❌ Singing

53. What is one effect of poor listening skills in academic settings?

❌ Better concentration
❌ Improved grades
✅ First-year failure
❌ More friends

54. What does civic engagement involve?

❌ Ignoring politics
❌ Watching television
✅ Participating in decision-making processes
❌ Taking vacations

55. Physical needs are linked to communication because:

❌ It cures diseases
✅ It maintains health and survival
❌ It controls others
❌ It replaces medicine

56. What is an example of instrumental needs?

❌ Feeling loved
✅ Getting a task done

57. Compliance-gaining communication aims to:

❌ Manipulate others
❌ Coerce
✅ Influence in everyday situations
❌ Ignore feedback
58. What tactic uses kindness to influence someone?
❌ Debt
❌ Expertise
✅ Liking
59. What does communication do in relational needs?
❌ Ends all connections
✅ Builds and maintains relationships
❌ Solves math problems
❌ Increases money

60. What communication element shapes identity?

❌ Feedback only
❌ Appearance only
✅ Communication with others
❌ Birth date

61. What does it mean when we say “communication is irreversible”?

❌ You can delete it
✅ You can’t take it back once said
❌ You can always repeat it
❌ It disappears instantly

62. Which type of message has the most conscious thought?

❌ Reactionary
✅ Constructed
❌ Involuntary
❌ Accidental

63. What influences how we define communication?

❌ Politics only
✅ Culture and context
❌ Currency value
❌ Fashion trends

64. What is symbolic communication?

❌ Use of direct objects only
❌ Use of visuals only
✅ Words represent ideas
❌ Emotions only

65. What proves that communication is learned?

❌ Everyone uses the same words
❌ All cultures communicate identically
✅ Communication patterns vary by culture
❌ It is genetic

66. What can be a major barrier to effective communication?

❌ Perfect grammar
❌ Loud speaking
✅ Personal opinions and biases
❌ Good posture
67. What does Erving Goffman compare self-presentation to?
❌ A debate
❌ A lecture
✅ A performance
❌ A failure

68. Communication always includes:

❌ One person
✅ Symbols and shared meaning
❌ Silence
❌ Abstract poetry

69. What does communication competence primarily involve?

❌ Speaking loudly
❌ Memorizing rules
✅ Knowledge and ability to adapt communication
❌ Being persuasive always

70. What is a key part of cognitive competence?

❌ Interrupting conversations
❌ Ignoring others' behavior
✅ Observing and evaluating communication
❌ Arguing in all situations

71. What factor influences behavioral competence?

❌ Birthplace
✅ Psychological characteristics
❌ Academic degree
❌ Number of friends

72. Which of these is NOT a psychological factor affecting communication?

 Personality ❌
 Stress level ❌
 Height ✅
 Mood ❌

73. What does adaptability in communication depend on?

 Strict grammar rules ❌

 Cultural and social context ✅
 Technology only ❌
 Memorizing scripts ❌

74. A person may be viewed as less competent in a foreign country due to:

 Writing skills ❌
 Accent ✅
  Age ❌
 Religion ❌

75 Which skill is part of listening competence for graduates?

 Controlling others ❌
 Interrupting to clarify ❌
 Listening attentively✅
 Avoilding feedback ❌

76. What helps students become better speakers and listeners?

 Ignoring feedback ❌
 Copying others ❌
 Self-assessment and practice ✅
 Watching TV ❌

77. What is typically NOT explicitly taught?

 Reading ❌
 Grammar ❌
 Non-verbal communication ✅
 Speaking ❌

78. Which component is NOT part of competence?

 Knowledge ❌
 Motivation ❌
 Appearance ✅

79. What does the stage of conscious incompetence mean?

 Unaware of mistakes ❌
 Aware of what should be done but not doing it well ✅
 Communicating perfectly ❌
 Not communicating at all ❌

80. At what stage do we communicate well without thinking too hard?

 Conscious competence ❌
 Unconscious incompetence ❌
 Unconscious competence ✅
 Conscious incompetence ❌

81. What is a mindful communicator?

 One who communicates automatically ❌

 One who avoids new situations ❌
  One who adapts and processes communication actively ✅
 One who copies others ❌

82. Listening helps develop our:

 Cooking skills ❌
 Self-concept ✅
 Running skills ❌

83. What type of needs does listening help meet in work/school?

 Relational ❌
 Instrumental ✅
 Emotional ❌
 None ❌

84. What is NOT part of the listening process?

 Evaluating ❌
 Reacting ❌
 Writing ✅
 Recalling ❌

85. Which of these is a benefit of being a mindful communicator?

 Increasing gossip ❌
 Ignoring mistakes ❌
 Avoiding stereotypes ✅
 Always being right ❌

86. What is a major barrier to communication competence?

 Asking questions ❌
 Fear of appearing incompetent ✅
 Clarifying ideas ❌
 Good memory ❌

87. What is the FIRST stage of competence?

 Conscious competence ❌
 Conscious incompetence ❌
 Unconscious incompetence ✅
 Mastery ❌

88. Communication competence is required in:

 Just school ❌
 Only online settings ❌
  Various contexts ✅
 None of the above ❌

89. What is interpersonal communication?

 Talking to yourself ❌
 Exchanging messages with interdependent people ✅
 Reading quietly ❌
 Writing an article ❌

90. What are the three main interpersonal communication goals?

 Financial, emotional, physical ❌

 Instrumental, relationship-maintenance, self-presentation ✅
 Moral, educational, passive ❌
 Logical, persuasive, romantic ❌

91. Which goal focuses on achieving tasks or support?

 Relational ❌
 Instrumental ✅
 Self-presentation ❌
 Passive ❌

92. What can improve physical and psychological health?

 Avoiding communication ❌
 Interpersonal communication competence ✅
 Being silent ❌

93. What is interpersonal conflict?

 A formal debate ❌
 Conflict with animals ❌
 Real or perceived incompatible goals between people ✅
 Passive agreement ❌

94. What matters more than the quantity of conflict?

 How loud it is ❌
 The style of talking ❌
 How it is handled ✅
 The number of people involved ❌

95. What is a key skill for professional success?

 Conflict avoidance ❌
 Conflict management ✅
  Passive behavior ❌
 Sarcasm ❌

96. What is NOT a feature of competent communication?

 Adapting to context ❌
 Fixed rules ✅ (правильна відповідь)
 Strategic use of tools ❌
 Context assessment ❌

97. What is a competing conflict style focused on?

 Avoiding discussion ❌
 Winning over others ✅
 Letting go ❌
 Making jokes ❌

98. What are coercive strategies in conflict?

 Encouraging dialogue ❌
 Threats or verbal abuse ✅
 Friendly jokes ❌
 Clarification ❌

99. What is a common result of poor conflict handling?

 Immediate resolution ❌
 Improved trust ❌
 Negative effects like stress or separation ✅
 Better teamwork ❌

100. Avoiding conflict often shows:

❌ High concern for both
❌ High concern for self
✅ Low concern for both
❌ Passionate argument

101. What may avoiding lead to over time?

❌ Clear communication
❌ Mutual understanding
✅ Passive-aggressive behavior
❌ Respect

102. What is passive-aggressive behavior?

❌ Direct insult
✅ Indirect expression of negative feelings
❌ Honest feedback
❌ Humorous engagement

103. When is accommodating considered appropriate?

✅ When there’s nothing to lose
❌ In every case
❌ When you are angry
❌ Always in group settings

104. What motivates accommodation?

❌ Strategy
✅ Fatigue or generosity
❌ Revenge
❌ Humiliation

105. Compromising means:

❌ Both win fully
❌ One wins, one loses
✅ Both give up something
❌ Complete silence

106. Collaborating requires:

❌ High concern for self only
✅ High concern for both parties
❌ Ignoring the issue
❌ Listening only

107. What is a disadvantage of collaborating?

❌ Poor outcome
❌ Loss of respect
✅ Time consuming
❌ Always leads to fights

108. A tip for successful collaboration is:

❌ Focus on winning
❌ Use sarcasm
✅ Ask questions to understand others
❌ Avoid listening

109. What does face negotiation theory emphasize?

❌ Verbal communication only
✅ Cultural influence on face work
❌ Physical appearance in negotiation
❌ Universal communication norms

110. Which cultures emphasize group identity?

❌ Individualistic
❌ Western
✅ Collectivistic
❌ Competitive

111. What is self-construal?

❌ Self-confidence
❌ Cultural expression
✅ Perception of self as independent or interdependent
❌ Conflict avoidance strategy

112. Independent self-construal favors:

❌ Other-face concern
❌ No concern
✅ Self-face concern
❌ Passive listening

113. Which conflict style is linked to self-face concern?

❌ Avoiding
❌ Collaborating
❌ Accommodating
✅ Competing

114. Which conflict style is linked to other-face concern?

❌ Competing
✅ Collaborating
❌ Demanding
❌ Coercion

115. In collectivistic cultures, people are more likely to:

❌ Compete
✅ Avoid conflict
❌ Demand resolution

116. What does the term “face” refer to in communication?

❌ Physical appearance
❌ Theoretical logic
✅ Public image or identity
❌ Facial gestures

117. What type of comment can trigger conflict?

❌ Praise
✅ Criticism
❌ Greetings
❌ Support

118. What is cumulative annoyance?

❌ Daily confusion
❌ Sudden emotional burst
✅ Built-up frustration over time
❌ Repeated compliments

119. What is a good way to manage criticism?

❌ Speak without thinking
❌ Avoid the person
✅ Think before speaking
❌ Use sarcasm

120. Demands may be perceived as conflict triggers if:

❌ Made kindly
❌ Rephrased
✅ Perceived as unfair
❌ Delivered calmly

121. What is the best way to deal with cumulative annoyance?

❌ Ignore it
❌ Yell immediately
✅ Monitor frustration and communicate
❌ Wait for it to pass

122. Rejection becomes conflict when it is perceived as:

❌ Accepting boundaries
✅ Ignoring or invalidating the other
❌ Showing kindness
❌ Welcoming input

123. Which stage of negotiation involves preparation?

❌ Opening
❌ Bargaining
✅ Pre-negotiation
❌ Settlement

124. What is a key strategy during the opening stage?

❌ Making threats
❌ Being passive
✅ Setting a cooperative tone
❌ Demanding authority

125. In the exploration stage, what should happen?

❌ Insults
✅ High information exchange
❌ Avoidance
❌ Silence

126. What happens during bargaining?

❌ Listening
❌ Preparing notes
✅ Making proposals and concessions
❌ Avoiding conflict

127. What does settlement involve?

❌ Ending communication
✅ Agreeing and summarizing proposals
❌ Making jokes
❌ Ignoring context

128. What improves our communication competence?

❌ Avoiding conflict
❌ Ignoring culture
✅ Experiencing other cultures
❌ Competing constantly

РІВЕНЬ 2 ОСНОВИ ТЕОРІЇ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ, 2 КУРС

ФІЛОЛОГІЯ

1. Communication is the process of using symbols to exchange meaning.

2. The three elements of Aristotle’s communication model are a speaker, a message, and a
listener.
3. Communication used to manage how much people engage in activities is called regulation
and control.
4. The most formal, intentional, and goal-oriented communication is public communication.
5. The form of communication that occurs within oneself and is triggered by internal or
external stimulus is intrapersonal communication.
6. Communication using gestures, facial expressions, tone, and body posture is called non-
verbal communication.
7. Communication is a two-way process involving exchange of meaning.
8. Channel is the method used to send a message to a receiver.
9. The interaction model includes feedback and physical/psychological context.
10. The transactional model views communication as creating social realities.
11. Communication is a two-way process of giving and receiving messages.
12. One of the most valued skills by employers is interpersonal communication.
13. Communication helps fulfill our relational needs like forming relationships.
14. The idea that communication cannot be undone is described as irreversible.
15. Communication competence is the ability to adapt communication appropriately.
16. Psychological characteristics like mood and stress affect communication behavior.
17. The first stage of competence is unconscious incompetence.
18. A mindful communicator actively considers context and perspective.
19. Interpersonal communication involves people who are interdependent to one another.
20.  The accommodating style shows high concern for others but low concern for self.
21.  Conflict becomes unproductive when handled poorly.
22.  Passive-aggressive behavior is an indirect way to express negative feelings.
 23.  Collectivistic cultures emphasize group over individual identity.
24.  Independent self-construal views the self as unique and separate.
25.  A major cause of conflict from long-term buildup is cumulative annoyance.
26.  In negotiation, the settlement stage involves agreeing on a solution.
27.  The study of body movements, including gestures and facial expressions, is called
kinesics.
28.  Emblems are gestures that have a specific, culturally agreed-upon meaning.
29.  The branch of study that focuses specifically on eye behavior is called oculesics.
30.  Touch used to show friendship or emotional warmth is called friendship-warmth touch.
31.  The study of vocal features like pitch, volume, and fillers is known as vocalics.
32.  The four proxemic zones are public, social, personal, and intimate distance.
33.  An example of an object adaptor would be fiddling with a smartphone.
34.  Biological time is governed by our circadian rhythm.
35.  People with a monochronic orientation tend to do one thing at a time.
36. Smiling during a serious message can confuse the audience due to mixed messages.

РІВЕНЬ 3 ОСНОВИ ТЕОРІЇ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ, 2 КУРС

ФІЛОЛОГІЯ

1. Match the concept to its definition

 Invention – Ability to generate ideas

 Delivery – Use of voice and gestures
 Style – Use of appropriate language
 Memory – Ability to recall facts and ideas
 (П'яте визначення не має поняття навпроти, але воно звучить як) – Ability to organize
ideas

2. Match elements of Lasswell’s model

 Who – Communicator or sender

 Says what – Content of the message
 In what channel – Medium/media used
 To whom – Receiver of the messag
– With what effect

3. Match the functions of communication

 Regulation/Control – Gives structure to human behavior ✅
 Social Interaction – Maintains relationships ✅
 Motivation – Expresses wants and needs ✅
 Information – Provides facts and opinions ✅
  (п’ята функція не підписана, але це може бути “Emotional expression”) – Shows internal
feelings ✅

4. Match the types of communications by participants

 Intrapersonal – Within oneself ✅

 Interpersonal – Between individuals ✅
 Group – Among 3 or more with shared goals ✅
 Public --- One person to an audience

5. Match the notions with the type of communication (verbal/non-verbal)

 Speech → Verbal
 Tone → Non-verbal
 Gestures → Non-verbal
 Words → Verbal
 (Останній варіант частково обрізано, але припускається також: Non-verbal)

6. Match the communication context examples

 Talking to yourself → Intrapersonal

 Chat with a friend → Interpersonal
 Team project → Group
 (Останній варіант, ймовірно, стосується медіа) → Mass

7. Match the term to its definition:

 Sender → Person who initiates the message

 Receiver → Person who interprets the message
 Encoding → Creating a message
 Decoding → Understanding the message
 (Останній варіант) → Response to the message

8. Match model to its feature:

 Transmission → One-way process

 Interaction → Includes feedback
 Transaction → Builds social realities
 (Ймовірно, перша форма) → Earliest linear form
9. Match noise type to example:

 External → Construction sounds outside

 Internal → Anxiety or stress
 Semantic → Misunderstood word
 (Ще один варіант) → Inappropriate gesture

10. Match communication component to its semantic function:

 Intention → Purpose of the sender

 Factual content → Expressed information
 Receiver's meaning → How receiver interprets the message
 (Останній варіант) → The result of the message

11. Match the sphere with its description:

 Academic — School-related communication

 Professional — Job and career interactions
 Personal — Self-reflection and life events
 [Немає терміну, але “Community involvement” — ймовірно “Civic”]

12. Match the need to its function:

 Physical — Basic survival and health

 Instrumental — Goal achievement
 Relational — Building social bonds
 [Немає терміну, але “Self-presentation” — ймовірно “Identity”]

13. Match tactic to compliance-gaining strategy:

 Threat — Warns of consequences

 Reward — Promises something good
 Debt — Uses past favors

14. Match communication principle to its meaning:

 Irreversible — Can’t be undone

 Unrepeatable — Can’t be exactly recreated
  Symbolic — Uses words to represent things
 [Немає терміну, але “Gained through experience” — можливо “Learned”]

15. Match the competence level with its meaning:

 Unconscious incompetence — Unaware of mistakes

 Conscious incompetence — Aware but not yet skilled
 Conscious competence — Aware and skilled
 [Немає терміну, але “Skilled without effort” — ймовірно “Unconscious competence”]

16. Match context to communication influence:

 Individual — Personality, mood

 Social — Status, power
 Cultural — Language, nationality
 Academic — Speaking and listening in school

17. Match speaking/listening skill to description:

 State ideas clearly — Express thoughts logically

 Communicate ethically — Be truthful, responsible
 Identify goals — Know communication purpose
 [Немає терміну, але “Resolve disagreements effectively” — ймовірно “Manage conflict”]

18. Match term to definition:

 Cognitive competence — Knowledge of how and why

 Behavioral competence — Actual communication ability
 Mindful communicator — Adapts and processes actively
 [Немає терміну, але “Receiving and responding to messages” — ймовірно “Effective listening”]

19. Match the conflict style to its characteristics:

 Competing — High concern for self, low for other

 Avoiding — Low concern for both
 Accommodating — Low concern for self, high for other
 [Немає терміну, але “High concerns for both” — ймовірно “Collaborating”]
20. Match the goal type with example:

 Instrumental — Negotiating solutions

 Relational — Spending time together
 Self-presentation — Appearing competent
 [Немає терміну, але “Asking for support” — ймовірно “Emotional”]

21. Match indirect strategy to its form:

 Hinting — Clues to suggest issue

 Joking — Humor to address issue
 Passive-aggressive — Indirect negative behaviour
 [Немає терміну, але “Suggesting change in behavior” — можливо “Advising”]

22. Match strategy with benefit:

 Compromising → Resolves conflict temporarily

 Collaborating → Mutual satisfaction
 Accommodating → Preserves relationships
 (Blank) → May prevent escalation

23. Match cultural orientation to traits:

 Individualistic → Emphasizes personal goals

 Collectivistic → Emphasizes group harmony
 Independent self-construal → Self as unique and autonomous
 (Blank) → Self as connected to others

24. Match conflict trigger with example:

 Criticism → Commenting on appearance

 Demand → Request that feels unfair
 Cumulative annoyance → Built-up frustration

25. Match negotiation stage with activity:

 Pre-negotiation → Preparing and previewing topic

 Opening → Setting tone and building rapport
  Exploration → Exchanging perspectives
 (Blank) → Making offers and adjustments

26. Match conflict style with face concern:

 Accommodating → Self-face
 Avoiding → Other-face
 Competing → Self-concern
 (Blank) → Other-concern

27. Match the term with its definition:

 Kinesics → Study of movement and gestures

 Vocalics → Study of vocal elements
 Proxemics → Study of personal space and distance
 Chronemics → Study of time in communication
 (Blank) → Study of written signs

28. Match the gesture type with its description:

 Adaptors → Touching behaviors showing internal state

 Emblems → Gestures with specific cultural meaning
 Illustrators → Gestures that accompany verbal messages
 Object Adaptors → Using objects like phones to ease anxiety
 (Blank) → Facial expressions used in public speaking

29. Match the term with its example:

 Emblem → Giving a thumbs up

 Illustrator → Waving hands while explaining
 Self-adaptor → Scratching your head due to anxiety
 Vocalic → Whispering in a public speech
 (Blank) → Saying “um” while thinking

30. Match the type of touch with the context:

 Social-polite touch → Shaking hands at a meeting

 Functional-professional touch → Doctor examining a patient
  Friendship-warmth touch → A hug between close friends
 Love-intimacy touch → A kiss between partners
 (Blank) → Touching someone’s arm to stop them

31. Match the proxemic zone with its description:

 Public distance → Over 12 feet, for public speaking

 Social distance → 4–12 feet, for professional interactions
 Personal distance → 1.5–4 feet, for friends and family
 Intimate distance → 0–18 inches, used with close people
 (Blank) → Within 20 feet, for group meetings

32. Match the non-verbal signal with its function:

 Eye contact → Signals readiness to speak

 Facial expression → Indicates emotional state like sadness
 Head nod → Shows agreement or interest
 Touch → Helps regulate communication flow
 (Blank) → Communicates pitch of voice

33. Match the time-related concept with its explanation:

 Biological time → Day-night rhythms (Circadian)

 Personal time → Individual perception of how time flows
 Cultural time → National holidays and work schedules
 Physical time → Time zones and seasons
 (Blank) → Mental focus during a meeting

34. Match the paralanguage feature with its example:

 Pitch → Raising tone to indicate a question

 Volume → Speaking loudly to show emotion
 Rate → Talking very fast when nervous
 Verbal filler → Saying “uh” during a pause

35. Match the concept with its impact:

 Mixed messages → Leads to confusion in audience

  Vocal signature → Person’s unique voice characteristics
 Monotone voice → Unpleasant or dull speech pattern
 Smiling while sad → Reduces emotional engagement
 (Blank) → Sign of intense credibility

36. Match the territory type with an example:

 Primary territory → Personal desk at home

 Secondary territory → A student’s regular seat in class
 Public territory → A bench in the park
 Territoriality → Desire to claim space
 (Blank) → Library rules for behavior