Effective measurement leads to the development of services, makes them more user-centric, and

improves citizen engagement and satisfaction with services. Therefore, understanding digital
maturity helps in better planning and optimal use of resources to ensure achieving the greatest
possible benefits. The researcher believes that the value of measuring digital transformation is
not limited to service delivery only, but also continuous improvement and thus more effective
governance

“…The strategic goals of Egypt's digital transformation are primarily focused on

improving citizen lifestyles, through government services digitization; by presenting the
government services through official websites. There has been a huge shift in recent
years, as mobile phones and digital devices cleared the path for new e-business
models to express and foster new magnitudes like digital services (Elsafty &
Boghdady, 2022). Egypt's vision for digital transformation also relies on linking
governmental digital platforms and internal systems and this will impact an efficiency
and efficacy improvement of the state's administrative apparatus.…”
<<
Section: Introduction

How User Acceptance Can Affect Government Website Efficiency

…For years, Egypt has been striving to promote the development of ICT infrastructure and digital
services in government agencies. (Elkadi, 2013;Gebba & Zakaria, 2015) It is one of the main
priorities to improve the performance of ministries and other government agencies, raise the quality
and efficiency of the services they provide to the public by improving the work environment,
providing support to the decision-making process and finding solutions to the issues of interest to
society. (Mostafaa & El-Masry, 2013) These efforts are strengthening local markets and increasing
demand for ICTs.…”
<<
Section: Introduction

Managing the Digital Transformation, Strategic Management, and

Tactical Actions to Implement GFMIS: an Egyptian case study
Ahmed Esawe1,
Eman Elwkeel2
2020
‫مجلة البحوث الإداریة‬..."
‫ وال يقتصر‬،‫إن بناء الحكومة الرقمية ال يقتصر على تطوير الإنتاجية التي يمثلها العلم والتكنولوجيا‬
‫ بل إنه على مستوى أعمق مفهوم جديد لتحديث نظام‬،‫على تكنولوجيا الحكم من خالل الرقمنة‬
‫ال شك أن مفهوم حوكمة الحكومة التي يقودها‬. ‫الحكم الوطني وقدرة الحكم التي يقودها الرقمنة‬
‫ وبتوجيه من هذا‬،‫ ومن ثم‬،‫الأتمتة والذكاء والرقمنة يزعزع مفهوم إدارة الحكومة التقليدي‬
‫ ينبغي أن‬.‫ ينبغي لمحتوى بناء الحكومة الرقمية أن يغير أيًض ا نظام الحكومة التقليدي‬،‫المفهوم‬
‫يستند بناء الحكومة الرقمية إلى وسائل تكنولوجيا المعلومات لتحقيق التحول من التفتت إلى‬
‫ ومن الإدارة الفردية‬،‫ ومن التفاعل أحادي االتجاه والثنائي االتجاه‬،‫ ومن الإدارة إلى الخدمة‬،‫الكل‬
‫ تدرس هذه الورقة وتحلل‬.‫ ومن المغلقة إلى المفتوحة‬،‫إلى التعاون بين الإدارات المتعددة‬
‫الحوكمة التعاونية الجديدة القائمة على التوجيه السريع والتطوير البناء لعصر جديد من متطلبات‬
‫التنمية لحوكمة الحكومة التعاونية‬.
The construction of digital government is not only the development of productivity
represented by science and technology, nor is it only the technology of governance by
means of digitisation, but at a deeper level it is a new concept of modernising the national
governance system and governance capacity driven by digitisation. This concept of
government governance driven by automation, intelligence and digitisation is undoubtedly
disruptive to the traditional concept of government management, then guided by this
concept, the content of digital government construction should also change the traditional
government system. The construction of digital government should be based on the means
of information technology to achieve the transformation from fragmentation to the whole,
from management to service, from one-way and two-way interaction, from single department
to multi-departmental collaboration, and from closed to open. This paper examines and
analyses the new collaborative governance based on the leapfrogging guidance and constructive
development of the new era of development requirements for collaborative government
governance.…
Research and Analysis on the Optimization of Collaborative
Government Governance Based on the Construction Context of Digital
Government
‫البحث والتحليل حول تحسين حوكمة الحكومة التعاونية بناًء على سياق بناء الحكومة الرقمية‬
Yulin Liu
2023
ABSTRACT
“…Digital transformation in Egypt became government trend supporting by political leader
starting in services places like civil registry, real estate center, traffic department and many
ministries do their best to apply digital transformation. In the public sector, digital
transformation refers to the digitization of government activities, such as delivering a better
and easier customer experience, enacting regulations that allow for a distributed workforce,
and upgrading and optimizing processes to save money and resources. Employee behavior
is a basic element that can affect positively or negatively, positive effect will lead to fasting
transformation and increasing services so the upper management can achieve their
plans. At the opposite direction if negative impact where employee become obstacle and problem
for this transformation the plans will take more time, and this will harm all the systems and prevent
integrity between them. Some factors will affect employee behavior education, skills, work culture,
leadership, job responsibility and effective communication. Also, we cannot ignore training, and
finance. No one denies the impact of digital transformation on the economy of countries, and that is
why the obstacles that face digital transformation need to more explored and manipulated in
different techniques according to the material and moral needs to achieve complete digital
transformation.The study utilized a quantitative approach by administering a self-administered
questionnaire to government officials in the public sector of Egypt. The collected data was analyzed
using SPSS. The results of the analysis confirmed the relationship between various factors and the
implementation of digital transformation in the Egyptian public sector. These factors include
financial capabilities, availability of infrastructure and communication systems, organizational
culture, cooperation between government, business, higher education, and civil society, employee
experience and skillset, selection of senior leaders, employee-centered organization, and diversity
management.… Abstract

Digital Transformation Challenges for Government Sector

Ashraf Elsafty
2023
BMS

“…Social media is being used in different fields other than its original purpose, social networking. In
the last decade, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter ignited uprisings and revolutions
in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. Community engagement and empowerment became the new buzz
word. It is inevitable that digital technology is important and therefore, the Egyptian
government aims to build Digital Egypt. In an approach to change the top-down bureaucratic
system, the Egyptian government promotes interaction between citizen and the state by
utilizing online and digital services. The question is how can social media be used to involve
citizens in planning as an approach to empower Egyptians. The paper investigates if social
media can be used in participatory planning. The paper aims to evaluate the use of social media as
a tool for participatory planning by conducting an online survey about transforming Gleem's parking
in Alexandria to a multi-use park.…”
<<
Section: Abstract

Digital Technology in Architecture and Arts - Era Challenges

Sara El Bayar1
2022
View full textAdd to dashboardCite
... ‫ وهو‬،‫يتم استخدام وسائل التواصل االجتماعي في مجاالت مختلفة بخالف غرضها الأصلي‬
‫ أشعلت منصات التواصل االجتماعي مثل‬،‫ في العقد الماضي‬.‫ الشبكات االجتماعية‬Facebook
‫و‬Twitter ‫ أصبح إشراك المجتمع وتمكينه الكلمة‬.‫االنتفاضات والثورات في تونس ومصر وليبيا‬
‫ تهدف الحكومة‬،‫ وبالتالي‬،‫ من المحتم أن تكون التكنولوجيا الرقمية مهمة‬.‫الطنانة الجديدة‬
‫ تعمل‬،‫ في نهج لتغيير النظام البيروقراطي من أعلى إلى أسفل‬.‫المصرية إلى بناء مصر الرقمية‬
‫الحكومة المصرية على تعزيز التفاعل بين المواطن والدولة من خالل االستفادة من الخدمات عبر‬
‫ السؤال هو كيف يمكن استخدام وسائل التواصل االجتماعي لإشراك‬.‫الإنترنت والرقمية‬
‫ تبحث الورقة البحثية فيما إذا كان من الممكن‬.‫المواطنين في التخطيط كنهج لتمكين المصريين‬
‫ تهدف الورقة البحثية إلى تقييم‬.‫استخدام وسائل التواصل االجتماعي في التخطيط التشاركي‬
‫استخدام وسائل التواصل االجتماعي كأداة للتخطيط التشاركي من خالل إجراء استطالع رأي عبر‬
‫الإنترنت حول تحويل موقف سيارات جليم في الإسكندرية إلى حديقة متعددة االستخدامات‬. ...
"<<
‫ الملخص‬:‫القسم‬
‫ تحديات العصر‬- ‫التكنولوجيا الرقمية في العمارة والفنون‬
2022 1‫سارة البيار‬

“…As governments worldwide strive to digitalize public services, understanding citizens'

perceptions and expectations becomes crucial in designing, implementing, and evaluating digital
government initiatives. Citizen engagement and satisfaction with digital public services are
contingent upon a myriad of factors, including the quality and reliability of online services, the ease
of access and usability of digital platforms, and the transparency and responsiveness of digital
governance mechanisms (Andrews & Walle, 2013). Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has
underscored the importance of digital public services in ensuring continuity of government functions
and services amidst unprecedented challenges, highlighting the role of digital governance as a
critical component in crisis response and management (Amosun et al, 2021).…”
<<
Section: Introduction
Digital Governance: Citizen Perceptions and Expectations of Online
Public Services
Vanessa Indama
2022
ISSLP
Conclousion ai
The digital transformation of government services in Egypt is a multifaceted endeavor aimed at
creating a paperless government and enhancing employee performance. This transformation is
driven by the need to improve citizen engagement, streamline processes, and increase the
efficiency of public services. The Egyptian government has recognized the importance of
digitizing its services to foster a more interactive relationship with citizens and to modernize its
bureaucratic structures. One of the primary goals of Egypt's digital transformation is to enhance
the efficiency of government services through the digitization of processes. This includes the
implementation of e-government initiatives that facilitate easier access to services for citizens
and improve the overall user experience. As noted by Elsafty and Ramadan, the strategic
goals of this transformation focus on improving citizen lifestyles by providing government
services through official digital platforms, which have become increasingly important with the
rise of mobile technology and digital devices (Elsafty & Ramadan, 2023). Furthermore, the
digitization of government activities is expected to optimize processes, reduce costs, and
improve service delivery, as highlighted by Elsafty (Elsafty, 2023). However, the transition to a
digital government is not without challenges. Employee resistance to change is a significant
barrier that can impede the successful implementation of e-government systems. Research by
Elgohary and Abdelazyz indicates that employees often exhibit resistance due to fears related
to new technologies and potential increases in workload, which can adversely affect the
efficiency and effectiveness of e-government initiatives (Elgohary & Abdelazyz, 2020).
Addressing these concerns through training and change management strategies is crucial for
fostering a culture that embraces digital transformation within government agencies. Moreover,
the Egyptian government has made substantial investments in ICT infrastructure to support this
transformation. As noted by Esawe and Elwkeel, enhancing the quality and efficiency of
services provided to the public is a priority that requires continuous improvement of the work
environment and support for decision-making processes (Esawe & Elwkeel, 2020). This
investment is not only about technology but also involves a strategic shift in governance
practices, as emphasized by Liu, who discusses the need for a comprehensive approach to
digital governance that integrates various aspects of public administration (Liu, 2023). The role
of citizen engagement in the digital transformation process cannot be overlooked. The
government aims to promote interaction between citizens and the state through digital
services, which is essential for building trust and ensuring that services meet the needs of the
population (Bayar, 2022). Understanding citizens' perceptions and expectations is critical for
the successful design and implementation of digital services, as highlighted by Indama, who
emphasizes the importance of quality, accessibility, and transparency in online public services
(Indama, 2022). In conclusion, Egypt's journey towards a paperless government and enhanced
employee performance through digital transformation is characterized by both opportunities
and challenges. The strategic focus on improving service delivery, coupled with the need to
address employee resistance and enhance citizen engagement, will be pivotal in realizing the
full potential of digital governance in the country.

Moreover, the digital transformation is an important aspect of the present revolutionary changes in
the structure of modern economies (Zehir et al, 2020). Egypt is putting an emphasis on digital
transformation as part of its Sustainable Development Strategy, Egypt Vision 2030 (Ibrahim et al,
2020). Ahmad (2021) stated that information and communication technology (ICT) transforms
transactions by increasing efficiency and speed; Egypt recognizes its significance in all
socioeconomic aspects, including private and governmental transactions.…
‫ فإن التحول الرقمي يشكل جانًبا مهًم ا من التغييرات الثورية الحالية في بنية‬،‫عالوة على ذلك‬
‫ وتؤكد مصر على التحول الرقمي كجزء من‬.)2020 ،‫االقتصادات الحديثة (زهير وآخرون‬
)2021( ‫ وذكر أحمد‬.)2020 ،‫ (إبراهيم وآخرون‬2030 ‫ رؤية مصر‬،‫استراتيجيتها للتنمية المستدامة‬
‫أن تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت تعمل على تحويل المعامالت من خالل زيادة الكفاءة‬
‫ بما في ذلك المعامالت‬،‫والسرعة؛ وتدرك مصر أهميتها في جميع الجوانب االجتماعية واالقتصادية‬
‫الخاصة والحكومية‬.

The Impact of Digital Transformation Dimensions on the Employees Job

Performance: Applying on Four and Five Star Hotels in the Red Sea
Governorate
Mahmoud Abdelaziz
2023

Egypt has recognized the importance of digital transformation as a key objective in achieving
development goals and advancing its place in the global economy [89]. Complying with the "Egypt
Vision 2030", the government has launched various initiatives to promote the use of technology
across different sectors, including the establishment of the Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology [MCIT], which is responsible for developing the country's Information and
Communication Technology [ICT] sector.…”
<<
Section: Study Context

Blockchain Technology Adoption for Improved Environmental Supply

Chain Performance: The Mediation Effect of Supply Chain Resilience,
Customer Integration, and Green Customer Information Sharing
Saiful Bahri Mohamed1,
Sandra S. G. Haddad2,
Mahmoud Barakat3
2023
Sustainability
‫أدركت مصر أهمية التحول الرقمي كهدف أساسي في تحقيق أهداف التنمية وتعزيز مكانتها في‬
‫ أطلقت الحكومة مبادرات مختلفة لتعزيز‬،2030 ‫ وامتثاًال لرؤية مصر‬.]89[ ‫االقتصاد العالمي‬
‫ بما في ذلك إنشاء وزارة االتصاالت وتكنولوجيا‬،‫استخدام التكنولوجيا عبر مختلف القطاعات‬
‫ المسؤولة عن تطوير قطاع تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت في البالد‬،‫المعلومات‬. ... "<<
‫ سياق الدراسة‬:‫القسم‬
‫ التأثير الوسيط لمرونة سلسلة‬:‫تبني تقنية البلوك تشين لتحسين أداء سلسلة التوريد البيئية‬
‫التوريد وتكامل العمالء ومشاركة معلومات العمالء الخضراء‬
‫االستدامة‬2023 3‫ محمود بركات‬،2‫ حداد‬.‫ ج‬.‫ ساندرا س‬،1‫سيف البحري محمد‬
The purpose of the current research is to identify the level of the prevailing organizational culture,
as well as to identify the requirements for implementing digital transformation in official tourism
authorities in Egypt, and to explore the nature of the correlation between the two variables. The
descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was selected by a stratified random
method, and it numbered (116) official executives affiliated to the Egyptian tourism authorities. The
data collection tools included a standardized and precise questionnaire survey with high validity and
reliability, The most important results indicated that the dimensions of the prevailing organizational
culture in Egyptian tourism authorities was ranked in descending order including: organizational
flexibility, level of cooperation, level of participation, level of tolerance towards failure, level of
innovation, level of openness to change dimension, level of focusing on customers, level of desire
to learn, level of risk familiarity, level of entrepreneurship efforts, level of trust, level of
communication, respectively. The results also showed There is a high degree of agreement
regarding the need for digital transformation in official tourism authorities in Egypt and that
the prevailing trends encourage and support the spread of the culture of digital
transformation and the interest in applying it to facilitate the provision of tourism services
offered by the tourism official authorities in Egypt, and there is a positive direct relationship
with statistical significance at a significant level α ≥ 0.05 between the level of organizational
culture and the efficiency of implementing digital transformation in the official tourism
authorities in Egypt, which indicates that the higher the level of organizational culture, the
greater the efficiency of applying digital transformation in the official tourism authorities of
Egypt, thus increasing the facilitation of regulatory procedures and activating the incoming
tourism movement to Egypt, The study recommends that managers in official tourism
authorities in Egypt need to adopt strategies to spread organizational culture to develop
intellectual capital because of its effective role in bringing about development in the
organizational structure, especially when implementing digital transformation. …”
<<
Section: Abstract

The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Efficiency of Applying

Digital Transformation in Egyptian Official Tourism Authorities
Moustafa Abo El Nile
2024
The International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Studies
Government digital transformation is a systematic, collaborative and leading the reform of
ideological innovation, business process innovation, organisational innovation and information
technology innovation (Janowski et al 2015). The digital transformation of the government is to
carry out the creative digital transformation of the entire government operation model, focusing on
business synergy, data integration and technology intensification, promoting the digitisation of
government work processes and work results, and then changing government operation processes,
governance methods and even organisational structures (Klievink et al 2009, Kretschmer 2020,
Majchrzak et al 2016.

…Government digital transformation is a systematic, collaborative and leading the reform of

ideological innovation, business process innovation, organisational innovation and information
technology innovation (Janowski et al 2015). The digital transformation of the government is to
carry out the creative digital transformation of the entire government operation model, focusing on
business synergy, data integration and technology intensification, promoting the digitisation of
government work processes and work results, and then changing government operation processes,
governance methods and even organisational structures (Klievink et al 2009, Kretschmer 2020,
Majchrzak et al 2016.…”
<<
Section: Introduction

Evaluation of Digital Transformation in Chinese Government from Data

Mining Perspective
Ping Lan1
2022
…The analysis of effect of digital transformation on competitiveness in Egypt indicated a significant
positive association from 1996 through 2019. These findings are consistent with the conclusions
of Hölzl (2009) who analyzed how innovation affected employment growth in 16 economies. His
findings indicated an association between technological innovation and increase of
competitiveness.…”
<<
Section: Discussion

The Effect of Digital Transformation on Egyptian Competitiveness Using

the ARDL Model
‫سالي محمد فريد محمود‬
1

2021
‫مجلة البحوث المالیة والتجاریة‬
View full textAdd to dashboardCite
The research aims to study the digital transformation and the problem of imposing a tax on digital
transactions, and ways to reduce the challenges that hinder the imposition of a tax on digital
transactions in Egypt, in addition to studying the experiences of other countries (France, Italy, and
the United Kingdom) in this field, through the use of the descriptive analytical approach. One of the
most important results of the research is that there is a risk of eroding the national tax base in light
of the growing digital economy, the inappropriateness of tax legislation in Egypt to the profound
transformations in financial transactions, as the digital transformation challenges traditional tax
practices with new business models such as sales Programs, e-books and 3D printing, the
research recommended the need to pay attention to the information infrastructure, and to contribute
with international organizations and institutions to formulate an international tax system appropriate
for the major transformations in the digital economy, enacting local legislation and one of the
measures to impose a tax on digital transactions in Egypt, until agreement is reached on multiple
coordination parties at the global level, and that these measures are in line with Egypt's
international obligations.…”
<<
Section: Abstract

‫دور التحول الرقمی فی دعم الإیرادات الضریبیة (مع إشارة خاصة‬

)‫لالقتصاد المصری‬
‫آمال عبدالله‬
1

2021
‫مجلة البحوث المالیة والتجاریة‬
The technological and digital revolution, communication technology, and the internet have led to the
emergence of the digital economy and the importance of digital transformation in the tourism and
hospitality industry to achieve sustainability. This research aimed to explore the relationship
between the adoption of digital economy policies and digital transformation in the Egyptian tourism
and hospitality industry. The research also aimed to study the relationship between the adoption of
digital economy policies and the sustainability of the Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry, in
addition to identifying the relationship between digital transformation practices and the sustainability
of the tourism and hospitality industry in Egypt. To achieve these goals, the study relied on a
descriptive-analytical approach. 317 responses were analyzed for a random sample of employees
in the tourism companies' category (A) and five-star hotels in Greater Cairo using SPSS V.26
software. The results showed that the adoption of digital economy policies affects the digital
transformation of tourism and hotel companies in Egypt, in addition to its impact on the
sustainability of the Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry. The results also proved that there
is a relationship between digital transformation practices in Egyptian tourism and hotel
companies and the sustainability of the Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry.
Considering these results, the research recommended the need for state support for digital
economy policies and overcoming any obstacles to digital transformation in tourism and
hotel establishments, as this will have a significant impact on achieving the sustainability of
the tourism and hospitality industry in Egypt. …”

<<

Section: Abstract

‫أثر تبني سياسات االقتصاد الرقمي على التحول الرقمي واالستدامة في‬
‫ مصر نموذجًا‬:‫صناعة السياحة والضيافة‬

‫إسماعيل محمد حسين‬

2022

he concept of a paperless government in Egypt is intricately linked to the broader framework of

digital transformation, which aims to enhance efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in
public services. Digital transformation in Egypt has gained momentum as part of the national
agenda, particularly under the auspices of Egypt Vision 2030, which emphasizes the
integration of information and communication technology (ICT) into various sectors, including
government services (Abdelaziz, 2023; Mohamed et al., 2023). The government has initiated
several projects to digitize public services, such as civil registries and traffic departments,
thereby improving the customer experience and operational efficiency (Elsafty, 2023). A
significant aspect of this transformation is the role of organizational culture and employee
behavior in facilitating or hindering the adoption of digital technologies. Research indicates that
a supportive organizational culture can enhance the efficiency of implementing digital
transformation initiatives within government authorities (Nile, 2024). Furthermore, employee
readiness and adaptability to new technologies are crucial for the successful transition to a
paperless environment (Elgohary & Abdel‐Aziz, 2022). The challenges posed by low digital
literacy rates and resistance to change among employees must be addressed to ensure a
smooth transition (Helal, 2023). Moreover, the impact of digital transformation extends beyond
mere technological upgrades; it encompasses a comprehensive rethinking of processes and
governance structures. For instance, the integration of digital technologies in public
administration is not just about replacing paper with digital formats but involves re-engineering
workflows to optimize service delivery (Lan, 2022). This holistic approach is essential for
achieving sustainable development goals and enhancing the overall competitiveness of the
Egyptian economy (2021 ,‫)محمود‬. The implications of digital transformation for public service
‫‪delivery in Egypt are profound. By streamlining processes and improving access to information,‬‬
‫‪the government can enhance accountability and reduce corruption, which are critical issues in‬‬
‫‪the public sector (Elsafty, 2023). Additionally, the digitization of tax systems and financial‬‬
‫‪transactions is vital for expanding the tax base and improving revenue collection, thereby‬‬
‫‪). However, the government must also navigate the‬عبدالله‪supporting economic growth (2021 ,‬‬
‫‪complexities of regulatory frameworks that govern digital transactions to mitigate risks‬‬
‫‪). In conclusion, the transition to‬عبدالله‪ ;2021 ,‬حسين‪associated with the digital economy (2022 ,‬‬
‫‪a paperless government in Egypt is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a concerted effort‬‬
‫‪from all stakeholders, including government officials, employees, and citizens. By fostering a‬‬
‫‪culture of innovation and adaptability, addressing the challenges of digital literacy, and‬‬
‫‪rethinking governance structures, Egypt can successfully implement digital transformation‬‬
‫‪initiatives that lead to a more efficient, transparent, and accountable public sector.‬‬

‫رتبط مفهوم الحكومة الخالية من الورق في مصر ارتباًطا وثيًقا بالإطار الأوسع للتحول الرقمي‪،‬‬
‫والذي يهدف إلى تعزيز الكفاءة والشفافية وإمكانية الوصول إلى الخدمات العامة‪ .‬اكتسب التحول‬
‫الرقمي في مصر زخًم ا كجزء من الأجندة الوطنية‪ ،‬وخاصة تحت رعاية رؤية مصر ‪ ،2030‬التي‬
‫تؤكد على دمج تكنولوجيا المعلومات واالتصاالت في مختلف القطاعات‪ ،‬بما في ذلك الخدمات‬
‫الحكومية (عبد العزيز‪2023 ،‬؛ محمد وآخرون‪ .)2023 ،‬وقد بدأت الحكومة العديد من المشاريع‬
‫لرقمنة الخدمات العامة‪ ،‬مثل السجالت المدنية وإدارات المرور‪ ،‬وبالتالي تحسين تجربة العمالء‬
‫‪.‬والكفاءة التشغيلية (الصفتي‪)2023 ،‬‬

‫أحد الجوانب المهمة لهذا التحول هو دور الثقافة التنظيمية وسلوك الموظفين في تسهيل أو إعاقة‬
‫تبني التقنيات الرقمية‪ .‬تشير الأبحاث إلى أن الثقافة التنظيمية الداعمة يمكن أن تعزز كفاءة تنفيذ‬
‫مبادرات التحول الرقمي داخل السلطات الحكومية (النيل‪ .)2024 ،‬وعالوة على ذلك‪ ،‬فإن استعداد‬
‫الموظفين وقدرتهم على التكيف مع التقنيات الجديدة أمر بالغ الأهمية لالنتقال الناجح إلى بيئة‬
‫خالية من الورق (الجوهري وعبد العزيز‪ .)2022 ،‬ويجب معالجة التحديات التي يفرضها انخفاض‬
‫‪.‬معدالت الإلمام الرقمي ومقاومة التغيير بين الموظفين لضمان انتقال سلس (هالل‪)2023 ،‬‬

‫وعالوة على ذلك‪ ،‬فإن تأثير التحول الرقمي يمتد إلى ما هو أبعد من مجرد الترقيات التكنولوجية؛‬
‫فهو يشمل إعادة التفكير الشامل في العمليات وهياكل الحوكمة‪ .‬على سبيل المثال‪ ،‬ال يقتصر‬
‫دمج التقنيات الرقمية في الإدارة العامة على استبدال الورق بتنسيقات رقمية فحسب‪ ،‬بل يتضمن‬
‫إعادة هندسة سير العمل لتحسين تقديم الخدمات (الن‪ .)2022 ،‬وهذا النهج الشامل ضروري‬
‫لتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة وتعزيز القدرة التنافسية الشاملة لالقتصاد المصري (محمود‪،‬‬
‫‪)2021.‬‬

‫إن آثار التحول الرقمي على تقديم الخدمات العامة في مصر عميقة‪ .‬فمن خالل تبسيط العمليات‬
‫وتحسين الوصول إلى المعلومات‪ ،‬يمكن للحكومة تعزيز المساءلة والحد من الفساد‪ ،‬وهي قضايا‬
‫بالغة الأهمية في القطاع العام (الصفتي‪ .)2023 ،‬بالإضافة إلى ذلك‪ ،‬فإن رقمنة الأنظمة الضريبية‬
‫والمعامالت المالية أمر حيوي لتوسيع القاعدة الضريبية وتحسين تحصيل الإيرادات‪ ،‬وبالتالي دعم‬
‫النمو االقتصادي (عبد الله‪ .)2021 ،‬ومع ذلك‪ ،‬يجب على الحكومة أيًض ا أن تتعامل مع تعقيدات‬
‫الأطر التنظيمية التي تحكم المعامالت الرقمية للتخفيف من المخاطر المرتبطة باالقتصاد الرقمي‬
‫‪(.‬عبد الله‪2021 ،‬؛ حسين‪)2022 ،‬‬

‫وفي الختام‪ ،‬فإن االنتقال إلى حكومة بال ورق في مصر هو مسعى متعدد الأوجه يتطلب جهًدا‬
‫متضافًر ا من جميع أصحاب المصلحة‪ ،‬بما في ذلك المسؤولون الحكوميون والموظفون‬
‫والمواطنون‪ .‬ومن خالل تعزيز ثقافة االبتكار والقدرة على التكيف‪ ،‬ومعالجة تحديات محو الأمية‬
‫الرقمية‪ ،‬وإعادة التفكير في هياكل الحوكمة‪ ،‬يمكن لمصر تنفيذ مبادرات التحول الرقمي بنجاح‬
‫‪.‬والتي تؤدي إلى قطاع عام أكثر كفاءة وشفافية ومساءلة‬
In other words, digital transformation improves operational effectiveness and increases
transparency, as it includes the adoption of technology in various fields such as healthcare,
education, and government services. (Algazo & ALdahabi, 2024). Therefore, when we talk about
a paperless government, reducing the use of paper will save money and speed up the provision of
services to citizens (Handayani & Syahrial, 2024) , and facilitates monitoring and measuring
performance to become clearer for oversight (Ikwuanusi & Uzoka, 2024).

In other words, digital transformation makes work easier and more efficient, and increases
transparency, as it is considered the adoption of technology in various fields such as healthcare,
education, and government services (Algazo & ALdahabi, 2024). Therefore, when we talk about
a paperless government, reducing the use of paper saves money and speeds up the delivery of
services to people (Handayani & Syahrial, 2024). It also facilitates the process of monitoring
performance so that things are clearer for the oversight bodies (Ikwuanusi & Uzoka, 2024).

To what extent has digital transformation reduced paperwork in government? Did employees
face challenges in adapting to this modern technology? , It is worth noting that the importance of
this study focuses on Egypt, which is witnessing a rapid digital transformation within the Vision
2030 strategy.

‫الى اى مدى التحول الرقمى خفض من استخدام الورق و ماهى التحديات الى واجها الموظفين‬
‫للتعامل مع التكنولوجيا الحديثة ؟ لذلك من المهم دراسة قياس عملية التحول الرقمى فى مصر‬
٢٠٣٠ ‫لمعرفة وضعنا من الحكومة الرقمية و تماشيا مع استراتيجية رؤية مصر‬

The Egyptian government has moved towards implementing digital transformation

initiatives to achieve a paperless government. Therefore, this research aims to
measure the effectiveness of digital transformation initiatives in Egypt, study the
ongoing efforts towards a paperless government in Egypt, and their impact on
employee performance.

This indicator based on three main factors: the knowledge factor, the technology
factor, and the future readiness factor. It is worth noting that Egypt was not present in
IMD's assessment of digital competitiveness 2024 (IMD, 2024).
First factor, the knowledge factor relates to discovering and understanding new
technologies, and depends on investment in human capital.
 It measures the performance of countries in the field of e-government. This helps
countries compare performance and identify strengths and weaknesses, and thus they
can improve policies (IMD, 2024).
The E-Government Development Index was created by the United Nations is measure
government performance in countries.

The problem of this paper is that the transformation is not measurable, as we cannot measure its
quality. In addition, we cannot evaluate progress, identify challenges, and develop methods to
achieve an integrated digital government. Therefore, we need to measure digital transformation
initiatives on employee performance, quality of services, and their correct delivery to citizens in
order to achieve a successful digital transformation.
To reach a paperless government, the Egyptian government has begun implementing digital
transformation. Therefore, this research aims to measure the digital transformation and efforts
towards achieving a paperless government and its impact on employee performance.
he Egyptian government has moved towards implementing digital transformation initiatives to
achieve a paperless government. Therefore, this research aims to measure the effectiveness of
digital transformation initiatives in Egypt, study the ongoing efforts towards a paperless
government in Egypt, and their impact on employee performance.
There are global indicators that measure and regulate digital transformation between countries.
First: The IMD world digital competitive ranking issued by the Institute for Management
Development (IMD), which measures the economy's ability to absorb new digital technology and
its impact on government and society. This indicator based on three main factors: the knowledge
factor, the technology factor, and the future readiness factor. It is worth noting that Egypt was
not present in IMD's assessment of digital competitiveness 2024 (IMD, 2024).
First factor, the knowledge factor relates to discovering and understanding new technologies, and
depends on investment in human capital. Second, the technology factor evaluates the
environment that facilitates the development of digital services such as laws and legislation.
Third, the future readiness factor measures the extent to which governments rely on
technology ,and also measures the security of this information and the spread of e-commerce.
Second, the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is an assessment of the United
Nations for its members, which are 193 countries, and its goal is for each country to choose the
size of e-government activities based on its goals and sustainable development goals. It measures
the performance of countries in the field of e-government. This helps countries compare
performance and identify strengths and weaknesses, and thus they can improve policies (IMD,
2024).
The E-Government Development Index was created by the United Nations is measure
government performance in countries. There are three components to the index: communications
infrastructure, human capital index, and online services index, because of which services
evaluated. These evaluations will help identify problems or any shortcomings in services, and
thus governments can develop electronic services (United Nations, 2024).
This proves the importance of measuring digital transformation for a successful e-government,
so it is better to have standards to evaluate the status of digital transformation on an ongoing
basis in order to achieve Egypt's Vision 2030. Regarding the digital transformation of all
Egyptian government services.

Second, the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is an assessment of the United

Nations for its members, which are 193 countries, and its goal is for each country to choose the
size of e-government activities based on its goals and sustainable development goals. It measures
the performance of countries in the field of e-government. This helps countries compare
performance and identify strengths and weaknesses, and thus they can improve policies (IMD,
2024).
The E-Government Development Index was created by the United Nations is measure
government performance in countries

1. What are the challenges facing employees in adapting to these digital changes and their
impact on employee performance?
2. What are the key elements that be measured when evaluating e-services provided by the
government?
3. Egypt’s e-Government Development Index declined, indicating difficulties in digital
transformation efforts (Esawe & Elwkeel, 2020). Therefore, it has begun to focus on
training employees in digital skills to facilitate the digital transformation process (Abdul
& Rabeeu, 2024).
4. In addition to, Digital transformation during its implementation faces challenges such as
lack of skills and lack of budget (Algazo & ALdahabi, 2024). There are also technical
problems such as the difficulty of using modern systems during official working hours
such as the GFMIS system (Esawe & Elwkeel, 2020).

5. Includes digital services, digital innovation, technical infrastructure, and digital

leadership
6. Dependent Variables
7. 1. Paperless Government: Achieved through digital documentation, reduced paper
consumption, and citizen feedback.
8. 2. Enhanced Employee Performance: Focuses on Employees' Digital Literacy and
Cybersecurity Awareness.
9.
10.
 11. However, there are challenges such as the lack of sufficient budget for implementation
or technical skills (Algazo & ALdahabi, 2024). In addition, there are other technical
problems such as the difficulty of using new systems during working hours, such as the
government financial information management system (Esawe & Elwkeel, 2020).
12. . It is worth noting that the challenges are represented by the lack of sufficient budget for
implementation or technical skills (Algazo & ALdahabi, 2024). There are also other
problems in the difficulty of using new systems during working hours, such as the
government financial information management system and electronic payment (Esawe &
Elwkeel, 2020).

Raw Materials – Sourced from a supplier in China

(Cotton, leather, denim, PVC, polyester, polypropylene, Cordura) to initiate the
production of our products.

(2) Manufacturing – Labor in China is involved in the creation of new products.

Ensuring the best features, quality, and value.

(3) Finished Goods – design high-quality products in San Francisco, and they're
brought to life in a factory in China, all set to be shipped to the U.S.

(4) Distribution Inventory – Once complete, the products are sorted and packed
onto pallets by type. We're talking about backpacks, messenger bags, travel
bags, slings, totes, and accessories.
(5) Transportation – To save space and keep costs down, the goods are shipped to
retail stores and warehouses in the US inside boat containers.

(6) Retail – You can find our products on our online store and at major retailers in
cities like LA, Chicago, NY, Melbourne, Tokyo, and Singapore.

(7) Customer – Customers successfully receive their purchased products at their

addresses worldwide.

San Francisco Supply Chain

1-(Cotton, leather, denim, PVC, polyester, polypropylene, Cordura) in order

to begin to produce goods.
2-Labor related to making custom messenger bags.
3-Manufacturing to the specifications customers requested. The bags are
finished according to customer encryption in the factory in San Francisco.
4-It means there is no inventory. It has been freshly processed for the
customer's name, address directly to fulfill a customer's order
5-Utilize various distribution channels such as USPS, FedEx, and DHL to
ensure timely delivery in the U.S. and overseas.
(6) The customized products shall be sold on an online retail website across
the globe.
(7) The buyers have their customized bags delivered to any place in the
world.

• (1) Raw Materials

 Sourced from a supplier in China
(Cotton, leather, denim, PVC, polyester, polypropylene, Cordura) to initiate
the production of our products

the engineering director proposed the idea and the plan to install new computerized
workstations, Paul welcomed the change and then the CEO agreed and the installation
began immediately.

The decision he made alone will have an impact on the company's entire productivity

After applying a change in the technology used in production by installing new

computerized workstations resulted in reduced productivity and quality of Echo
Electronics enterprise and defective products and customer dissatisfaction, weak
workstation infrastructure, inadequate training, lack of financial incentives, and low
worker morale.

The main goal was to increase productivity. Paul should get all four supervisors
involve in decision-making before he get approval from CEO about the installation of
new computerized workstations then consults with people who have relevant
knowledge or expertise

The main mistake here is taking the decision to change hastily and implementing that
change carelessly. Paul should have taken many actions:
First in deciding to change

Control over information complements expert power

The first action to be taken is to involve key stakeholders in making the change
decision .Paul welcomed the change without discussing it with his subordinates who
supervised the four production departments of the company's manufacturing plant.
(Connection power highly effective)

Second while implementing this change

The second action measure to be taken is a deep study or a situation analysis.

While deciding to change, the leader must determine what needs to be changed before
embarking on major changes. Leaders must be clear about the nature of the problem
and the goals to be achieved.

Paul and his four subordinates should have considered all options and discussed and
shared information and ideas in participatory leadership, is it the only way to increase
productivity?

He should have understood how to use joint decision making instead of dictatorial
decision making especially when it comes to new technologies.

situational analysis

Externally Internally

opportunities Treats s trengths weakness

If he were to analyze the situation both externally and internally .Paul would have had
an answer to this question.

Information Power relates to access to some valuable information which they

possess, it gives them an edge over the other due to which exercise of power becomes

The third action to be taken is to develop a complete plan for change with its
consequences.

Paul could have taken into account that without consistent changes in work roles, skills,
and attitudes, new technology would not be accepted and used in an effective manner.
And it's not about replacing old machines with new ones. It is about preparing
employees and all organizations to deal with the new situation.

Paul as production manager should meet with other department managers such as
human resource manager and marketing manager to study, for example:

n Would it be useful to announce that Echo Electronics will use new technology in
manufacturing?
n If installing new technology requires additional work time, will it be important to
reward workers for overtime?
n What skills must workers and employees learn to use new technology
effectively?
n Was the current number of workers sufficient after the change to the new
workstations or should new employees be hired?
n Did they need any training to learn how to use the new workstations effectively?
n Is it important to inform customer service personnel of new instructions for
handling customer reviews and complaints during this transition period?

Paul made a fatal mistake not following closely the results of the change. He had waited
three months and then was surprised by the result of the change that he noticed that
production and production quality had already declined .He must also carry out a quality
control process on each product item before it is sold to customers
As a manager Paul should have known that the workers would disregard the use of the
workstation as it lead to a loss of jobs thus economic stability is what working population
aims for Paul as a leader should have kept this in consideration before the
implementation.

The fourth action during the implementation phase of the change

Paul should have done a daily follow-up of the change process to know the problems
and issues and then he should solve them one by one and he should have followed
Lewin's force field model which stated that the change process can be divided into three
stages which are unfreeze, change and refreeze.

Unfreeze phase

Paul would have explained to his subordinates and employees that the use of the new
computerized workstation was necessary to increase productivity and pointed out
threats or opportunities that were not apparent in the organization.

This stage is important in clarifying Paul's vision for his subordinates and employees,
which increases their confidence in his decisions and leadership.

Change phase

Where people are looking for new ways to do things and choosing a promising
approach

Paul could have planned the change with all department managers and dealt with the
problems and potential resistance of the workers by helping them learn new technology
and giving them training in case they needed them. He had to encourage and give
incentives to the employees so that they would be persuaded to work hard for the
quality of the goods

Refreeze phase

In which changes are fostered and stabilized, as leaders develop ways to sustain
change

After the success of the change produces this stage and Paul did not do it in this case
 Lewin’s Change Model

Unfreeze phase Change phase Refreeze phase

 Paul should have involved  Paul should have made a  Paul should have
key stakeholders to full perfect plan for the celebrated success with all
recognize the need for change
the organization.
change and to make a  Paul should have
deep study of the nature of  Paul should have set rules
monitored the
the needed change implementation of that sustain the production
required. change daily using the new workstations
 Paul should have
 Paul should have given in the most efficient way
managed and understood
the doubts and workers training possible.
concerns. helping them to adapt
to the
change.

The five action Paul need to apply

participative leadership. he need to ensure to
have two delegations between the department
of engineering and production .he need to have
invites input from employees while making
decision so that it will guide him on making a
wise decision. Employee should be given
pertinent information regarding company
issues and majority vote to determine the
course of action the company will take.
Besides all the supervisor need to be
empowered so that they have more motivation and encouragement on doing their
jobs that lead to increasing the productivity in the plant. By Appling participative
leadership, there will be few advantage. Reward power increases the likelihood of
success.

In the aspect of acceptance, employee will be more readily to accept policies and
decisions that were reached by the top management. This can help to speed ups the
process of implementing new idea. Besides, when employees are given opportunity to
voice out their opinion, their morale remains at a high level because they feel
appreciated by the company.

Other than that, Paul should focused on the decision making. He should meet with
employees that are directly affected by the decision. Let the employees fell that they are
needed while making a big decision for the company. This will boost their work
productivity. The meeting should be in detailed and employee should be allowed to
voice out their opinion. when company
encourage employee to give opinions on
company decisions, company will get variety
of solutions to choose from company should
let their employees use their creativity in
order to develop more productive work
processes and make the company more
efficient.

Question 2: What steps should Paul take now to deal with the problem?

The rollback scenario is the fastest and the best scenario to deal with the problem.

By stopping work with new workstations and returning to work with old workstations.
Remove all defective equipment from the market and compensate customers

The start to solve the problem is to admit the fault. Firstly, Paul should do a meeting
with his subordinates.
Paul should have a moderate amount of position power.

Paul needed to apologize to his team for not having a thorough discussion on why a
new workstation is being proposed. A courageous leader must be able to admit that
some time they mistook the important things or what matter the most to the employees
so this will enable that the employee to know that their feelings being taken care of and
their work is very much appreciated. The feeling of apperception for the employees is
very important in order to maintain their loyalty towards the company

Then Paul should conduct another meeting with his team to discuss and focus on the
challenges that they are facing whether it involve technical issue or other issue. Paul
need to ensure the message or information being communicated effectively among the
employees so that everyone knows the management direction, goals. Besides this
action is also as a proof to employees that every problems can be discussed.

While he had made a mistake by applying the change individually last time, so now he
should start sharing his thinking with the team. All the team should start working
together to solve the problem. Paul and his team should start by examining the reasons
for the failure to use the new equipment and discussing all the possibilities that could be
the cause of the problem.

Paul and his team should take the following steps:

Delegation / Empowerment / Joint-decision

The first step is related to the poor design of the

workstation. In fact, the quality of any design
depends on the clarity of the requirements.
Therefore, Paul and supervisors should clearly
articulate the outputs required to the team
responsible for designing the workstations.

• Promote information to the design team. Paul

can organize a visit for Echo Electronics employees to other companies to learn
how the new computerized workstations are designed and also operated to
increase productivity.
 • He can also secure an external consultant to advise the design team on the most
suitable designs for the workstations.
• Paul should direct the design team to listen to the opinions of the workers
(operators) and understand their feedback, comments and suggestions about the
operation of the new workstations.
• Paul should ask the marketing team for a detailed explanation of customer
complaints.
Then the design team will be ready to redesign the workstations in a more efficient way.

The second step relates to the training of the production workers who operate the new
computerized workstation. Inadequate training may be a reason for workers to resist
because they believe that the proposed change cannot be successfully implemented. It
is very important to develop a plan to train each employee based on his role which can
be achieved by collaborating with the human resource management team.

Paul need to seek for shared decision in which everyone contributing their opinions
and is satisfied whether it is about the lack of empowerment or others such as
incentives or training, this will help the team to come to a conclusion that can help to
solve the problem

The third step is related to increasing the financial

incentives. Dealing with the current problem now
certainly may need extra time work, intensive
training and rapid learning from the employees.
They definitely won’t be satisfied or motivated to
this change except with getting financial
incentives and motivational support.

Employees are likely to feel frustration and a sense of injustice if the burden of
implementing change is placed on them without adequate support from the
organization. Feelings of being unjustly treated are intensified when most of the benefits
of the changes will accrue to others, such as owners and top management.
A budget proposal on whether training should be necessary will also need to be
prepared. This can prepares the team on probability circumstances that might happen.

The fourth step is to convert opponents to supporters. The advantage of small

companies like Echo Electronics is that it is easy for leaders to communicate with
employees. The four supervisors should communicate with workers, determine who are
the opponents to the change, and try to manage their feeling.

Most employees are upset about the changes made in the way the work is done. They
are in the anger stage at the change curve.

Change reaction stages

The Change Curve is a popular and powerful model used to understand the stages
of personal transition and organizational change. It helps in predicting how people
will react to change so that leaders can help them make their own personal
transitions and make sure that they have the help and support they need.
Were Echo Electronics employees continue to resist the change and remain at stage 2
of the Change Curve the change will be unsuccessful Supervisors should listen and
watch carefully and then take actions to minimize and mitigate the problems that
workers were likely experienced. Then they will move to stage 3 Exploring stage where
pessimism and resistance give way to some optimism and acceptance.

At this stage the employees will stop focusing on what they've lost. They start to let go
and accept the changes. They begin testing and exploring what the changes mean
and so learn the reality of what's good and not so good and how they must adapt.
Supervisors shouldn’t expect that the employees will be perfectly productive during
the exploring stage. They should build in contingency time so that people can learn
and explore without too much pressure.
By stage 4 the Acceptance stage, employees will not only accept the change but
also start to embrace it. They will rebuild their ways of working. Only when the
employees get to this stage can Echo Electronics Company really start to reap the
rewards of change.

Conclusion
Delegation and empowerment influence the innovativeness of organizational
outcomes by encouraging employees to be creative and implement novel ideas.

The impact of the power depends on leaders within a company which influences
employees and other by means of positive or negative power.

Combining encouragement with increased

authority and responsibility or empowerment
improves organizational performance because
of enhanced employee motivation and
flexibility