Unit 1

Q.1 Introduction to Dot Net

1. Dot net is a free cross platform, open-source development platform for developing many
kinds of applications. It supports various programming languages with C# being the most
popular.
2. Dot Net is designed to deliver productivity, performance , reliability and scalability.
3. It provides automatic memory management via a garbage collector (GC). It is type safe and
memory safe due to GC and strict language compilers.
4. It provides a common platform to design, develop, run, and execute the applications
developed in various programming languages.
5. It includes a broad set of libraries that provide broad functionality and have been optimized
for performance and productivity.
6. .NET includes the following components:
Runtime -- executes application code.
Libraries -- provides utility functionality like JSON parsing.
Compiler -- compiles C# (and other languages) source code into (runtime) executable code.
SDK and other tools -- enable building and monitoring apps with modern workflows.
App stacks -- like ASP.NET Core and Windows Forms, that enable writing apps.

Q.2 Introduction to Dot net framework

1. Dot net framework is a software development framework developed by Microsoft. It
provides a runtime environment and set of libraries and tools for building and running
applications on windows operation system.
2. Dot net framework has two main components:
I. Common Language Runtime (CLR)
CLR is responsible for managing the execution of code written in any supported
languages.
II. Framework Class Library (FCL)
It provides a large set of pre-built classes and functions that can used to build wide
range of applications
3. One of the major advantages of Dot net framework is that we can use a variety of
programming languages. This means that programmers can choose the language that best
suits their expertise and still be able to use a wide range of libraries and tools provided by
the framework.
4. The dot net framework also supports a number of features that improve the security,
reliability and performance of the applications. These features include code access security,
just in time compilation(JIT), automatic memory management etc
5. It also designed to integrate with other Microsoft technologies such Microsoft SQL server ,
Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft office etc.
Q.3 Architecture of Dot net Framework
1. Framework Class library (FCL)
FCL consists of various classes and functions which can used to create and deploy many

kinds of applications. The library contains various classes which provide features such as
I/O, networking , database access, and GUI design.
2. Common Language Runtime(CLR)
CLR is responsible for execution of code I the compiler written in any supported
languages. When an application is run, the CLR loads the required libraries and compiles
the code into machine code that can be executed by the computer’s processor.
3. Types of Applications: Mainly the applications that are built in the .Net framework are
divided into the following three categories :
a. WinForms: Form–Based applications are considered under this category. In
simple terms, we can say client-based applications that read and write the file
system come under this category.
b. ASP .NET: Web-based applications come under this category. ASP.Net is a
framework for the web and it provides an awesome integration of HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript which makes it useful to develop web applications, websites, and
web services.
c. ADO .NET: It includes the applications that are developed to communicate with
the database like MS SQL Server, Oracle, etc. It mainly consists of classes that can
be used to connect, retrieve, insert, and delete data.
Q.4 FCL
1. FCL stands for framework class library and is used manage the system functionality in
Dot net framework as it has various classes, datatypes. Interfaces etc. to perform
multiple functions and build different types of desktop applications, web applications
etc.
2. The framework class library is integrated with Common Language Runtime of the dot net
framework and is used by all the dot net framework languages such as C#, F#, VB.NET,
etc

3. The functionalities of Framework class library can be divided into three categories:
a. Utility features written in .Net
FCL features various collection classes like lists, queue, dictionaries , etc
b. Wrappers around the OS functionality
FCL contains classes that are wrapped around the underlying windows operating
system. These include the classes for using file system, the classes to handle
networking features.
c. Frameworks
FCL contains various frameworks used for developing different kinds of
applications in various supported languages. For example, the ASP.net framework
used to create web applications.

Q.5 CLR
1. The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a component of the Microsoft .NET Framework
that manages the execution of .NET applications. It is responsible for loading and
executing the code written in various .NET programming languages, including C#, VB.NET,
F#, and others.
2. When a C# program is compiled, the resulting executable code is in an intermediate
language called Common Intermediate Language (CIL) or Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL).
3. The CLR provides many services to .NET applications, including memory management,
type safety, security, and exception handling
4. It also provides Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, which compiles the CIL code into machine
code on the fly as the program runs
5. Overall, the CLR is a critical component of the .NET Framework and is responsible for
ensuring that .NET applications are executed in a safe, secure, and efficient manner
 Unit 4

S.N ADO ADO.NET

o.
1. It is based on COM (Component Object It is a CLR (Common Language Runtime) based
Modelling). library.

2. It works only when data store is It does not need active connection to access
connected. data from data store.

3. It has feature of locking. It does not have feature of locking.

4. It accesses and store data from data It accesses and store data from data source by
source by recordset object. dataset object.

5. XML integration is not feasible in ADO. XML integration is feasible in ADO.NET.

6. In ADO, data is stored in binary form. While in this, data is stored in XML.

7. It allows us to create client-side cursors It gives us the choice of using weather client
only. side and server-side cursors.

8. It requires SQL JOINs and UNIONs to It uses DataRelational objects, for combining
combine data from multiple tables in a data from multiple tables without requiring
single result table. JOINs and UNIONs.

9. It supports sequential access of rows in It allows completely non-sequential data

a RecordSet. access in Dataset through collection-based
hierarchy.

Q. difference between data reader and data adapter

Feature DataReader DataAdapter

Function Reads data from a data source forward-only Fills a DataSet and updates the data source

Mode Connected, requires an open connection Disconnected, works with data offline

Navigation Forward-only, read-only Can navigate through rows and modify data

Data Storag No storage of data, reads data directly from sourc

Stores data in DataSet
e e

Concurrency High performance with low memory usage Allows multiple operations on data

Suitable for complex data manipulations and update

Use Case Efficient for fast, forward-only data retrieval
s

Operation Requires explicit commands to read data Automatically handles data mapping and operations

Scalability Limited to reading large datasets quickly