Name: __________________________________________ Date:
_________________________
Antineoplastic Drugs
Exercise No. 9
Introduction
The goal of treatment with chemotherapy in veterinary medicine is to increase
the length and quality of life of patients based on an accurate histologic diagnosis and
assessment of the extent of neoplastic disease called clinical staging. Although a cure or
eradication of all disease is the goal of therapy, in veterinary medicine, remission or incomplete
tumor control leaving only microscopic disease is often the most reasonable course of therapy.
Additionally, palliation of clinical signs, thus improving quality of life without significantly
altering the outcome of disease progression, is a desirable goal for many patients.
Further, drug resistance develops in neoplastic cells with mechanisms similar to
those observed in antibiotic resistant bacteria. These include a decreased cell permeability or
uptake, or increased efflux of drugs, an increased production of enzymes which degrade the
drug, an increased capacity to repair or bypass the effects of the drug and a decreased binding
of drug to receptors or target enzymes.
Furthermore, multidrug protocols are more efficacious than single drug
protocols. They are designed using drugs with different mechanisms of action to augment cell
kill and slow the development of resistance. Additionally, the nonoverlapping adverse effects of
each drug decrease overall toxicity to the patient. The drugs are given at the maximum dose
and schedule with acceptable or no adverse effects.
At the end of the activity the students must be able to:
1. List down the antineoplastic drugs used in veterinary medicine
2. Determine the therapeutic uses of antineoplastic drugs used in veterinary medicine
Points for Discussion
Using drug literatures, and any available resources, answer the following.
1. List down the mechanism of action and examples of antineoplastic drugs in the following
table.
Antineoplastics MOA Examples
Alkylating Agents
Platinating agents
Antimetabolites
Mitotic spindle inhibitors
(microtubule regulators)
Cytotoxic antibiotics
Hormones
Enzymes
COX-2 inhibitors
Tyrosine
Kinase inhibitors
2. . List down the therapeutic uses of the following antineoplastic agents.
Antineoplastics Indication/s
Cyclophosphamide
Chlorambucil
Melphalan
Mechlorethamine
Ifosfamide
Lomustine
Carmustine
Streptozocin
Procarbazine
Dacarbazine
Hydroxyurea
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Methotrexate
5-fluorouracil
Cytarabine (cytosine
arabinose)
Gemcitabine
6-mercaptopurine
Thioguanine
Vincristine/vinblastine
Paclitaxel
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Actinomycin D (dactinomycin)
Mitoxantrone
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Glucocorticoids
L-asparaginase
Piroxicam
Toceranib
Masitinib
Mitotane
Name: __________________________________________ Date:
_________________________
Vitamins and Minerals
Exercise No. 10
Introduction
Vitamins are non-energy yielding organic compounds, essential for
metabolism that must be supplied in small quantities in the diet. The importance of
vitamins as drugs is primarily in the prevention and treatment of deficiency
diseases. Vitamin deficiencies occur due to inadequate intake, certain genetic
abnormalities, malabsorption, drug vitamin interactions, increased tissue needs,
and increased excretion.
At the end of the activity, the student must be able to prescribe
vitamins and or minerals for a particular deficiency/condition.
Points for Discussion
Using literatures and other references, answer the following points for
discussion
1. How can doses of vitamin A treat A-avitaminosis in poultry, swine and cattle?
2. Describe the pharmacological uses of vitamin E.
3. How can vitamin K remedy anemia in newborn piglets?
4. In the following table, indicate the pharmacological uses of the following drugs.
Particulars Therapeutic
Uses
Sodium
chloride
Iron
Manganese
Copper
Cobalt
Iodine
Sulphur
Silicone
Nickel
1. Enumerate the nutritional deficiencies and the species affected with a brief
description of each.
Reference/s
Reference/s
