DIPLOMA INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
FABRICATION OF CONTAINER HOUSE
SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted
By
K.EESHANTH GOUD - 22233-ME-052
Under the Guidance
B.VENKATESWAR REDDY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
???? MR. M.PRASHANTH
(INTERNAL GUIDE) (INDUSTRY GUIDE)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, POLYTECHNIC, BANDLAGUDA-
500005, HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
2023-2024
MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY,POLYTECHNIC, BANDLAGUDA-500005,
HYDERABAD, TELANGANA
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in this industrail training entitled
NEC PREFANS being submitted by
NAME: K.EESHANTH GOUD - 22233-ME-052
Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of ‘Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering to Mahaveer Institute of Science and
Technology, Polytechnic, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad during the academic year
2024 - 2025 is a record of bonafide piece of work, undertaken by the
supervision of the undersigned.
Approved and Supervised by
B.VENKATESWAR REDDY Dr. S. RAVINDER REDDY
Head of the Department Principal
??? MR. M.PRASHANTH
(INTERNAL GUIDE) (INDUSTRY GUIDE)
EXTERNAL
MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
POLYTECHNIC, BANDLAGUDA-500005, HYDERABAD,
TELANGANA
Department of Mechanical Engineering
DECLARATION
We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where other's
ideas have been included. We have adequately referenced the original sources and we also declare
that we have followed all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not mis-
represented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission.
We hereby declare that the result occurred in this industrail training report titled
“FABRICATION OF CONTAINER HOUSE”
requirements for the award of Diploma are obtained by us from our industrail training. We have
not submitted this industtrail training report to any other university/institute for the award of any
degree/diploma.
NAME: PIN:
K.EESHANTH GOUD 22233-ME-052
SIGNATURE
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT
This report would be incomplete without the mention of these who directly or
indirectly helped us during the Industrial training.
We thank our management for their kind supervision and encouragement during
of our Industrial training.
We thank our principal, Dr.S.RAVINDER REDDY for the encouragement
during the period of our Industrial training.
We are thankful to our Head of department B.VENKATESWAR REDDY
for his in dispensable help and encouragement during the period of our
Industrial training.
It is a great pleasure to express our sincere thanks to ???? internal guide
in Mechanical Engineering Department for her overall guidance, precious
suggestions right from the movement of selection of the industry to the
completion of the Industrial training.
Lastly we would thank everyone of our department who are involved in the
progress of our Industrial training and whose contributions have added a lot of
value.
K.EESHANTH GOUD - 22233-ME-052
ABSTRACT
NEC PREFABS , IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN 2015 Nagarjuna Prefabs is a trustworthy and agile
manufacturer of Portable Homes & Cabins, Prefab Houses, Modular Houses, Portable Security Cabins, Portable
Prefab Cabinets, Containerized & Porta Office and Porta Toilet.
● Training of the technical personnel in MANAFACTURING IN CONTAINER HOUSE .
● Design & Manufacture
● Provision of advisory services to Small Scale Units including assistance in design and
developing tools for various processes.
● Recommending measures to standardise components .
CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 MILLING
CHAPTER 3 .GRINDING
CHAPTER 4 AUTO CAD.
CHAPTER 5 . WELDING
CHAPTER 6 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTI
ON
The NEC PREFABS was established in 2015. Over the years, we have added many
successful projects in our business list which indicate our high performance and prompt
execution of each project. We use premium quality raw material and advance methods to
customize each structure according to the client’s specifications and budget. Our excellence
in providing value based service enable us to maximize customer satisfaction. Within short
span of time, we have gained much expertise and knowledge about new technical methods
and raw material for portable structure. Hence, we are efficient in making any kind of
portable structure reflecting comfort and smooth functionality. Besides, our organization is
organized with modern infrastructure and advance facilities which are incorporated by
dedicated employees. They are one of the vital pillars of our organization.
Objective for studying at CITD:
To study about different industrial machines and their uses in different sections like the
Fitting section, milling section, Turning section..
To study about AUTOCAD (computer aided designing) and its purpose in the mechanical
field. we learn how to use auto cad. What are its uses? How to write a program for a given
2D or 3D profile using commands?
To study about fitting section, what is the purpose of fitting workshop. What is
manufactured in fitting section. How to use different hand tools, holding tools, cutting
tools, finishing tools, measuring tools, marking tools.
To study about milling section, what is the purpose of milling machine. What are the
types of milling machine are used for different works to be manufactured on which
machine? What are the different cutting tools to be used for different machining
processes?
To study about turning section, what is the purpose of turning section, what are the
types of lathes present for each different purpose of their own work principle, To
study about grinding machine and its use.
CHAPTER - 2
MILLING
INTRODUCTION OF MILLING
The milling process removes material by performing many separate, small cuts. This is
accomplished by using a cutter with many teeth, spinning the cutter at high speed, or
advancing the material through the cutter slowly; most often it is some combination of these
three approaches.
• TYPES OF MILLING OPERATIONS
• Conventional milling: The cutter rotates against the work piece's feed direction.
• Climb milling: The cutter moves with the feed direction, impacting tool wear and surface
finish.
• Gang milling: Two or more milling cutters are secured together on one arbor to machine
several surfaces simultaneously.
• Plain milling: The cutter is mounted on the arbor, parallel to the work piece surface.
• Straddle milling: Two side milling cutters separated by collars are used to produce two
vertical flat surfaces on both sides of the job.
• Gear cutting: A form-relieved cutter is used to produce gear tooth on the gear blank.
• End milling: End mills have cutting teeth on the sides and end of the mill.
• Angular milling: The cutting tool's axis of rotation is at an angle relative to the.
TYPES OF MILLING CUTTERS:
o End mill: A cylindrical cutter with multiple cutting edges on its tip and periphery.
The cutting edges are usually helical to reduce impact.
o Side milling cutter: A versatile tool with teeth on its side circumference. It can
be used for slotting, contouring, and angular surface machining.
o Face milling cutter: Used to mill a flat face on a plate or bar. It's mainly used to
cut with the ends of the cutter.
o Thread milling cutter: Used to produce internal and external threads.
o Woodruff cutter: Used to cut key slots into parts, such as shafts.
o Plain milling cutter: A disc or cylindrical tool with blades on the outer
circumference. It's used for milling a flat surface parallel to the cutter axis.
THE BELOW FIGURE DEMONSTRATE THE PURPOSE OF THE
TYPES OF MILLING CUTTER’S:
TYPES OF MILLING MACHINES:
CHAPTER 3
GRIDING
INTRODUCTION OF GRINDING
A mechanical process using a rotating grinding wheel made from abrasive material
containing small particles of grit ranging from fine to coarse. The wheel revolves
around a central axis, making contact with the surface of the work piece, while the
particles act as cutting tools that cut chips from the material
TYPES OF GRINDING METHODS:
☻ Surface grinding: is generally, which uses either a vertical axis grinding machine or a
horizontal axis grinding machine, with a square table or a circular table, and a straight
type wheel or a cup type wheel. The work piece is fixed on a table and the wheel is
rotated at high speed to perform grinding. The double-ended type is equipped with wheels
above and below to perform grinding the work piece in between. Surface grinding is the
most common grinding method and is used in a wide range of fields.
☻ Cylindrical grinding: using either a cylindrical grinding machine or a universal
grinding machine. Both the cylindrical work piece and the wheel are rotated and the outer
periphery of the work piece is machined. The various grinding methods include straight
cylindrical, taper, end face, and total shape grinding. Similar to surface grinding, it is a
general grinding method in wide use.
☻ Internal grinding: using an internal grinding machine or a cylindrical grinding
machine, or internal grinding equipment attached to a universal grinding machine. The
work piece is fixed and the inner surface of the work piece is machined with the rotating
axle wheel.
Grinding may sometimes be performed by rotating the work piece. Similar to the
cylindrical grinding, the grinding method includes taper and end face grinding.
☻ Centerless grinding: centerless grinding, and processes the outer periphery of a cylindrical
work piece using a centerless grinding machine. A work piece is supported between a fixed
blade and a rotating adjusting wheel and a grinding wheel. The rotation and feed of the work
piece are then adjusted by rotation of the adjusting wheel to grind the outer circumference of
the work piece. Centerless grinding requires neither a center hole in the work piece nor the
work piece's installation on and removal from the grinding machine. These advantages make
it suitable for mass production.
CHAPTER 4
Auto CAD (Computer aided drafting):
INTRODUCTION OF AUTO CAD
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software application for desktop,
web, and mobile developed by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982 for the
CP/M and IBM PC platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal
graphics controllers.
AutoCAD can be used for:
☻ Drawing: With electronic equivalents of real-life drafting tools
☻ Editing: Digital 2D and 3D designs
☻ Creating: Geometric models
☻ Modifying: Geometric models
☻ Developing: Structures and objects
☻ Building: Architectural structures
☻ Visualizing: Ideas
Auto CAD uses the follow coordinate methods:
• Absolute coordinate method: Absolute coordinates refers to a Cartesian System
that uses X-axis and Y-axis to establish a point some distance from a common origin. In
other words, the system has a fixed origin.
• Relative cortisone coordinate method: Relative coordinates are based on the last
point entered. Use relative coordinates when you know the location of a point in relation
to the previous point. To specify relative coordinates, precede the coordinate values with
an @ sign.
• Relative polar coordinate method: When each point on a plane of a two-
dimensional coordinate system is decided by a distance from a reference point and an
angle is taken from a reference direction, it is known as the polar coordinate system.
FUNCTION KEYS IN AUTO CAD:
• F1- help option
• F2- Toggle bar
• F3- Object snap
• F4- 3D object snap
• F5- iso planes
• F6- Dynamic UCS
• F7- Grid
• F8- ORTHO
• F9- Snap
• F10- Polar
• F11- Object snap tracking
• F12- Dynamic input
CONTROL KEYS IN AUTO CAD:
• CTRL+D: TOGGLES GENERAL FEATURES
• CTRL+G: TOGGLES COORDINATE DISPLAY
• CTRL+0: MANAGES THE SCREEN
• CTRL+1: CLEANS THE SCREEN
• CTRL+C: MANAGES WORKFLOW
• CTRL+X: COPIES AN OBJECT
• CTRL+N: MANAGES DRAWINGS
• CTRL+S: CREATES A NEW DRAWING
• CTRL+SHIFT+H: TOGGLES HIDE PALLETS
• CTRL+S: SAVES DRAWINGS AND DESIGNS
• CTRL+Y: REDOES THE LAST UNDONE ACTION
• CTRL+A: SELECTS ALL OBJECTS IN THE DRAWING OR DESIGN
• CTRL+SHIFT+V: PASTES A COPIED DRAWING AS A BLOCK WITH A
RANDOM NAME
• CONTROL+9: SHOWS OR HIDES THE COMMAND BAR
• F12: ACTIVATES OR DEACTIVATES DYNAMIC INPUT MODE
• CONTROL+8: OPENS A QUICK CALCULATOR
• SHIFT: OVERRIDES THE TRIM COMMAND
• YOU CAN ALSO USE THE FOLLOWING KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS:
• CTRL+E: CYCLES ISOMETRIC PLANES
• CTRL+F: TOGGLES RUNNING OBJECT SNAPS
• CTRL+H: TOGGLES PICK STYLE
• CTRL+SHIFT+H: TOGGLES DISPLAY PALETTES
SOME COMMANDS WIITH SHORT CUTS ARE DEMONSTRATED
IN THE BELOW IMAGE:
THE BELOW ISOMETRIC PLANE FIGURE IS DESIGNED IN AUTO
CAD :
COMMANDS USED:
1. UNITS
2. LIMTS
3. ISODRAFT
4. LINE
5. ELLIPSE (ISO CIRCLE)
6. TRIM
7. DIM ALIGNED
8. DIMEDIT(OBLIQUE)
9. DIMSTYLE(MODIFY)
CHAPTER-5
WELDING
INTRODUCTION OF WELDING
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials,
usually metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melt the
parts together and allow them to cool, causing fusion. Common alternative methods
include solvent welding (of thermoplastics) using chemicals to melt materials being
bonded without heat, and solid-state welding processes which bond without melting,
such as pressure, cold welding, and diffusion bonding.
Metal welding is distinct from lower temperature bonding techniques such
as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal (parent metal) and instead
require flowing a filler metal to solidify their bonds.
In addition to melting the base metal in welding, a filler material is typically added to
the joint to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that cools to form a joint
that can be stronger than the base material. Welding also requires a form of shield to
protect the filler metals or melted metals from being contaminated or oxidized.
Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame
(chemical), an electric arc (electrical), a laser, an electron beam, friction,
and ultrasound. While often an industrial process, welding may be performed in
many different environments, including in open air, under water, and in outer space.
Welding is a hazardous undertaking and precautions are required to
avoid burns, electric shock, vision damage, inhalation of poisonous gases and fumes,
and exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation.
Until the end of the 19th century, the only welding process was forge welding,
which blacksmiths had used for millennia to join iron and steel by heating and
hammering. Arc welding and oxy-fuel welding were among the first processes to
develop late in the century, and electric resistance welding followed soon after.
Welding technology advanced quickly during the early 20th century, as world wars
drove the demand for reliable and inexpensive joining methods. Following the wars,
several modern welding techniques were developed, including manual methods
like shielded metal arc welding, now one of the most popular welding methods, as
well as semi-automatic and automatic processes such as gas metal arc
welding, submerged arc welding, flux-cored arc welding and electroslag welding.
Developments continued with the invention of laser beam welding, electron beam
welding, magnetic pulse welding, and friction stir welding in the latter half of the
century. Today, as the science continues to advance, robot welding is commonplace
in industrial settings, and researchers continue to develop new welding methods and
gain greater understanding of weld quality.
COMMON TYPES OF WELDING
MIG Welding (GMAW)
TIG Welding (GTAW)
Stick Welding (SMAW)
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Duration of industrial training arc, now we are able to analyze and imply the basic work
principle of the following:
1. Milling workshop tools
2. Grinding workshop tools
3. WELDING
We can also design and manufacture a given 2D profile using Auto CAD and CNC.
