Leadership in Science, Technology, Eng

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Tuck et al. 2025; Singer et al., 2020; JacksonA Coaching-Based Training for Underrepresented
et al., 2021; Ford et al., 2023 Mentors in STEM. Education Sciences

Impediments to Female Leadership in the African

STEM Sector-A case study of the Construction
Engineering Sector (CES) in Gauteng Province
South Africa. Juliet, Impediments to Female
Leadership in the African STEM Sector-A case
study of the Construction Engineering Sector
Adesua Lincoln, A., & Zaru, J. (2025) (CES) in Gauteng Province South Africa

Leadership Development and STEM

Student Success Using the Social
DeRuntz et al. (2022) Interdependence Model.

Underrepresentation of Women STEM Leaders:

Twelve Women on
Different Journeys Using Their Voices to
Stewart, C. A. (2021) Shape the World through Science
Women in Science, Technology, Engine

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

McCullough(2019) Proportions of women in STEM leadership

Brue(2019) Work-life balance for women in STEM lead

Dula (2021) Exploring the Experiences of Senior Femal
nology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

This study investigates the impact of a coaching-based approach to near-peer

mentor training within the UK START program, focusing on high school
student participants.

This study therefore seeks to explore impediments encountered by female

professionals in the Construction Engineering Sector in Gauteng, South Africa.
Based on the results of our qualitative research, we propose measures for
organizations and policy makers to ensure equitable treatment of women in the
workplace.

This approach has demonstrated significant improvement of student leadership

and helped to affirm a highly successful graduation rate. Research has
expanded to study the impact of the LDP on graduates pursuing advanced
STEM degrees.

This study examined the conditions contributing to the underrepresentation of women leaders in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education.
gy, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The focus of the study is to Determined the proportion of women in leadership position in several academic STEM a

This study focus on about how women stem leader handle the challenges such as struggle in their wo
this study focus on exploring the experiences of women in senior leaders working on stem organizatio
STEM)

RESEARCH DESIGN

Exploratory Research Design

Data were collected for this research through
semi-structured interviews

Phenomenological Research Design, Data was collected

using semi-structured interviews, Qualitative Research,
Purposeful/Judgemental sampling, Thematic analysis

A qualitative research design

consisting of a semi-structured
interview protocol
with open-ended questions and
discussion

Qualitative Research with the use of narrative research

M)

RESEARCH DESIGN

Qualitative research

Qualitative research
Narrative
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

Highlights of mentoring, challenges of mentoring, personal growth from mentoring,

and future interests in mentoring. The personal growthsection was further broken down
into three general categories: leadership, awareness of STEM knowledge,
and understanding of
how to be a mentor.
The findings indicated a strong existence of gendered organisational culture in CES
where women are given less or no opportunity
to display their competence. The findings
show that the organisational culture portray
a gender bias towards men for
leadership roles. The results find support in
extant academic literature that have disclosed
substantial gender bias towards female leaders.

The goal of the LDP has remained the same since inception, help STEM
students become future leaders in industry by providing leadership training
and mentoring with a cohort experience of co-curricular education and community
service opportunities.

The underrepresentation of women leaders in science, technology, engineering,

and mathematics (STEM) education provides meaning to the journey of
those seeking to understand why, after decades of informed research,
published literature, and policy implementation, the representation of women
leaders in STEM education and careers does not equal that of their male counterparts.
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

women's in leadership roles in STEM( presence, influence and factors)

Coping the challenges and barriers of women in leadership

Experiencea of women in STEM.
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This approach relieves mentors of the pressure to be all-knowing experts

and instead empowers them to facilitate learning through thoughtful
questioning and guided discovery. This strategy appears particularly valuable
for individuals from underrepresented populations in STEM fields, as it positions
them as knowledge experts for younger students while building their own
confidence and leadership skills.
Building an equitable workplace cognisant of the impediments experienced by
women in leadership and devising effective legal frameworks which protect women against
vulnerability in workplace (UN, 2024) should be a core vision for the South African government
and the STEM sector. Implementing programmes advocating for women’s inclusion in senior
leadership, flexible working hours, maternity and parental leave, professional growth, and
health, policies and frameworks for unpaid care and family responsibility (Hlatshwayo, 2020)
are some of the key aspects that positively contribute to women’s career aspirations and
advancement.

Implications for this STEM leadership research is that formal leadership

training and mentoring can effectively develop STEM leaders through
use of the social interdependence model. This
research
reaffirms that early STEM leadership training results in higher and faster
graduation rates for LDP students as compared to peers.

The findings in this study were generated from interviews with twelve
women in various fields of science with various career paths and experiences.
The participants were limited to women in the fields of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics who were identified through convenience
and snowball sampling in the geographical study area.
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This study explore the experiences of women in leadership roles in stem

recognize the blurring of work and personal life, additionally it shoul

This study discusses the experiences of women in STEM, however this cannot pro
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES

YES

YES

YES
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

Yes

Yes
Yes
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Tuck, M. E., Palomino, K. A., Bradley, J. A., Mohr-Schroeder, M., & Bradley, L. H. (2025).
A Coaching-Based Training for Underrepresented Mentors in STEM. Education Sciences,
Adesua Lincoln, A., & Zaru, J. (2025). Impediments to Female Leadership in the
15(3), 289.
African STEM Sector-A case study of the Construction Engineering Sector (CES) in
Gauteng Province South Africa. Juliet, Impediments
to Female Leadership in the African STEM Sector-A
case study of the Construction Engineering
Sector (CES) in Gauteng Province South Africa
(February 22, 2025).

DeRuntz, B., Henson, H., & Withee, T. (2022, August). Leadership Development
and STEM Student Success Using the Social Interdependence Model. In 2022
ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.

Stewart, C. A. (2021). Underrepresentation of Women STEM Leaders: Twelve Women on

Different Journeys Using Their Voices to Shape the World through Science.
European Journal of STEM
Education,
6(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/11387
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

McCullough, L. (2019). Proportions of women in STEM leadership in the academy in the USA. Education Sciences,

Brue, K. L. (2019). Work-life balance for women in STEM leadership. Journal of Leadership Education, 18(2), 32-52
 Dula, D. (2021). Exploring the Experiences of Senior Female Leaders
in STEM: A Qualitative Narrative Study (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Phoenix).
 n the USA. Education Sciences, 10(1), 1.

eadership Education, 18(2), 32-52

Female STEM Students in Leadership R

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Pérez et al. (2020) Girls in STEM: Is it a female role-model thing?

Proportions of women in STEM leadership in the

McCullough (2019) academy in the USA

Women Leaders in STEM Disciplines:

A Comparative Case Study on Leadership
and Disciplinary Culture (Doctoral dissertation,
Borowski, R. R. (2020) State University of New York at Buffalo).

Gender Lens of Senior High School Educators and

Learners in General Biology. Journal of Science and
Mendoza, S. A. P., & Paris, P. E. D. (2024) Mathematics Education in Southeast Asia
Positive Experiences

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Jiang, X. (2021) Women in STEM: Ability, preference, and value

Investigation of STEM fields motivation

among female students in science education
Dökme et al. (2022) colleges.
 Exploring the opportunities, challenges, and ways
Aquino et al. (2023) forward of women in STEM fields: a case study.

Negative Experiences

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Working environment for women

Mazlan et al. (2023) leadership in STEM

Understanding why women are

under-represented in Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) within
Christie et al. (2017) Higher Education: a regional case study.
 Breaking The Glass Ceiling?: A Narrative Analysis
of the Challenges and Successes of Women in
Leadership Positions in the Philippine Startup
Jarabe et al. (2023) Ecosystem (PTSE)

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 1.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

adership Roles

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The goal of the present study is to know how female role models influence girl's preference
for STEM studies. This paper evaluates a role-model intervention in which female volunteers working in STEM go
into schools and talk to girls about their careers.

This study determines the proportion of women in leadership positions in several academic STEM areas across the U
In every area studied, women held fewer leadership positions than the
proportion of female PhDs in those fields.

This study used a single embedded case study to compare the experiences of women
leaders in biology, a discipline that is dominated by women students, and
reaching gender parity on the faculty level, with those in engineering,
a discipline dominated by men students and faculty, with both groups of
women leaders embedded within the larger context of academia.

This study aimed to determine the gender lens of Senior High School educators and learners in General Biology,
particularly on The Cell’s content standards
 FOCUS OF THE STUDY

Women are underrepresented in both STEM college majors and STEM jobs. Even with a STEM college degree, wome
are significantly less likely to work in STEM occupations than their male counterparts. This paper studies the determ
of the gender gap in college major choice and job choice between STEM and non-STEM fields and quantifies how m
the gender wage gap can be explained by these choices using an extended Roy Model.

Strong motivation of teachers towards STEM fields is important both in terms of performing STEM activities in their
classrooms and motivating their students to STEM fields.
The underrepresentation of women in STEM fields impacts their participation in a maledominated workplace. More
gender discrimination and biases that affect their perceived abilities
influence their decisions regarding their pursuit of
STEM careers.

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study was to identify the type of work environment needed for women
leadership in STEM industry.

This study found that many of the factors that hindered women from applying for STEM courses
twenty years ago still apply today and recommends actions that can help increase recruitment of
women into STEM and assist their retention and graduation in those areas of tertiary education.
 This study delves into the experiences of women in leadership positions within the
male-dominated Philippine technology startup ecosystem (PTSE). It aims to uncover
the challenges these women face and the innovative strategies they employ to navigate and succeed in this environ

3:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

 RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used a sample of two queationnaires that were

answered by the respondents,
and it also uses the empirical strategy.

Qualitative Research, Phenomenological Research

Qualitative study, individual interviews, and document

analysis

Random sampling was employed.

Slovin’s formula was used to determine sample size.
 RESEARCH DESIGN

Qualitative Research

This is a quantitative study employing a

descriptive survey model
Qualitative Research with the use of
phenomenological research design.
The sampling method used for this
research is purposive sampling.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The Preferred Reporting Items for

Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA)

Participants were recruited via announcements that were

added to an events page on an official university Facebook
site as well as by word of mouth. Eleven
female students agreed to participate and f
ormed two focus groups of five people.
This study employed a qualitative research
design. Data were primarily collected through i
n-depth, semi-structured interviews. The collected
data were analyzed using narrative analysis techniques.

RESEARCH DESIGN
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR VARIABLE

Women are heavely underrepresented in Science, Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics (STEM) carreers, and this poses a new challenge at the dawn of influences.
This study focuses on the influences of female role models to younger girls in pursuing
STEM careers and education.

As more women take on STEM leadership roles, understanding what their

experiences can help promote other women’s aspirations to, and success in, leadership.
In the STEM fields, having more women in leadership can itself be an action
that will help promote more equitable representation overall.

Women in STEM at colleges and universities across the United States

continue to be underrepresented, in part because of the barriers they face, such as
sexism and harassment, challenges with worklife balance, stereotype threat,
or expectations for a woman’s behavior, such as attitudes and judgments,
that cause her to underperform low leadership self-efficacy,
or a woman’s diminished belief in her capacity to lead successfully

STEM students in Iloilo City believed that great contributions in the field of Biology
since the 1960s have been made possible by male scientists. This means that
the studies before that noted about how males were associated with productive
and community roles while females were associated with reproductive functions.
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

Women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

(STEM) college majors and occupations.

STEM fields are of vital importance in determining the

prosperity and success of a society in sourcing and using
natural resources and expanding the boundaries of innovation, supporting labor force
participation in the rapidly developing technological world, and global competition.
Similarly, in many reports prepared in Turkey and other
countries, students especially female students have
inadequate tendencies to continue their STEM programs and to pursue their
careers in this field.
the world has continued to progress towards the idea of women being free
to act and make wise decisions for their good. However, many countries
have not yet addressed gender-related inequalities, such as the gap between men
and women‘s freedom of choice. Thereby, discrimination, exploitation,
and underrepresentation of women in all sectors continue to emerge.

FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR

VARIABLE

Women underrepresentation in STEM industry is a loss to the economy. Regardless

of the
opportunity and improvement regarding the women's empowerment in the STEM
leadership roles, and decision-making process remain insufficient.

Studies argued that although female students have demonstrated interest

and aptitude in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM),
they were under represented in STEM subjects at both secondary and tertiary levels
of education. Female students who graduated from university in these subjects
were also found to be more poorly paid and did not do as well in terms of their
career as did their male counterparts.
Research has revealed that women entrepreneurs experience distinct
difficulties
and hindrances in comparison to their male counterparts

FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR

VARIABLE
RECOMMENDATIONS OR LIMITATIONS

This research contributes to the literature on how to increase girls' interest in

STEM through the use of female role models. This study advances our
understanding of the influence of female role models in improving girls'
preferences for STEM.

Learning about the barriers and the assistance women in STEM leadership
have encountered will help in supporting women who are starting on the path to higher-level
leadership positions or looking to move upwards into higher leadership positions.
These are important goals as moving towards equitable representation
of women in leadership means moving towards more
equitable
STEM culture as a whole.

This study can be used by future researchers to study and

become the stepping stone for the change in these issues.
Allowing women to step in and work in the biology field as
much as men does.
The gender lens of the learners and the teachers who participated in this study
showed bias towards a particular sex in some tasks in General Biology,
their lenses reflect that they still show preference in choosing who will do a particular task.
These biases limit their potential in performing well in the field of science.
Hence, for the 5th goal of Dakar Framework for Action to be fully achieved,
creating gender-fair learning modules and teaching exemplars in General Biology,
particularly on the topic The Cell, is necessary. Only then will female and male
learners find equal opportunities in the field of Science education.
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This study find that, on average, there is no significant

gender difference in ability, men’s
ability sorting is statistically stronger than women’s in major
choices, and that there is no gender
difference

Designing role model interventions, incorporating STEM trainings into education

college programs, and organizing more STEM activities within education college
programs are considered as important steps to increase the motivation of
female science education college students. Based on this research result, the proposed
intervention studies may not impact the career choice of the vast majority of
pre-service science teachers, because most of these students enrolled in this
college have already chosen a certain career.
Women still experience certain challenges and are still discriminated in male
dominated STEM fields but it has become less severe compared to previous
years. Meanwhile, opportunities for women have also improved over time
and women have also learned to adopt a few strategic approaches to
facilitate their ways forward in STEM fields.

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

Motivation enables women to understand themselves,

help them
to be clear about their goals, create a positive
relationship,
know their ability as well as enable them to take initiatives to overcome
the challenges. Motivation can be the underlying reason
that
explains why people behave in a certain way or in
a particular behaviour

It is essential to assist students early on to make an informed choice about STEM subjects
if we are to ensure the sustainability of such disciplines.
By addressing these challenges through supportive policies,
inclusive leadership
training, and strengthened regional ecosystems, stakeholders can foster a more
equitable and dynamic PTSE, empowering more women to thrive in leadership roles.

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES

YES

YES

YES
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES

NO
YES

USED INYOUR RRL

(YES OR NO)

YES

YES
NO

USED INYOUR RRL

(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST LINK

González-Pérez, S., Mateos de Cabo, R., & Sáinz, M. (2020). Girls in STEM: Is it a
female role-model thing?. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 564148.

McCullough, L. (2019). Proportions of women in STEM leadership in the

academy in the USA. Education Sciences, 10(1), 1.

Borowski, R. R. (2020). Women Leaders in STEM Disciplines: A

Comparative Case Study on Leadership and Disciplinary Culture
(Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo).

Mendoza, S. A. P., & Paris, P. E. D. (2024). Gender Lens of Senior High

School Educators and Learners in General Biology. Journal of Science
and Mathematics Education in Southeast Asia, 46, 1-19.
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Jiang, X. (2021). Women in STEM: Ability, preference, and value. Labour Economics,
70, 101991.

Dökme, İ., Açıksöz, A., & Koyunlu Ünlü, Z. (2022). Investigation of STEM fields
motivation among female students in science education colleges. International
Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 8.
Aquino, B. M. A., Balocating, L. S. C., Candor, K. J. R., Daniel, F. C., & Dionglay, M. J. H.
(2023). Exploring the opportunities, challenges, and ways forward of women in
STEM fields: a case study. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,
3(6), 341-359.

APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST

LINK

Mazlan, M., Asri, N. M., Chamhuri, N., & Al-Hadi, A. A. (2023). Working environment
for women leadership in STEM. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 57(1), 207-218.

Christie, M., O’Neill, M., Rutter, K., Young, G., & Medland, A. (2017). Understanding
why women are under-represented in Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM) within Higher Education: a regional case study.
Production, 27(spe), e20162205.
Jarabe, M. L., Simporios, L. L., Taylan, F., & Serrano, J. (2023). Breaking
The Glass Ceiling?: A Narrative Analysis of the Challenges and Successes of
Women in Leadership Positions in the Philippine Startup Ecosystem (PTSE). Journal of
Management and Development Studies, 12(1), 1-27.

APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST

LINK
Factors that contribute in women to bec

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Women leaders make work better. Here’s the

Novotney(2024) science behind how to promote them

Women in Management in STEM: Which factors

influence the achievement of leadership
Schmitt and wilksmann (2020) positions?

Farhan (2020) Women in Management in STEM: Which factors in

PBCWE Unveils Results of Census on

Women in Leadership Roles in Philippine
Publicly Listed Companies: Key Findings
of the Study include Gender Diversity and
PBCWE(2024) Business Sustainability
Juego(2017) Women leaders have it good in PH

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 2.2:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 2.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

men to become leader

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

This study shows that companies do better when women are in charge in leader
positions. The reasons why they choice women to be a leader because they
more productive, collaborative and fair. Even though they faced a barriers,
they're still making a progress that making them a good leader.

This study focus on the individual factors that support the career development
of women in stem such as motivation, career goals, and area of expertise
play a big role in their succes in leadership positions. Specifically focusing on
reaching the leadership roles

This study proven that the companies with women leaders often make
more money than men. It identifies the competitive factors that help women
leadersbe affective at organization level. In addition, it highlights the company
should create a company rules that support women in leadership roles.

The focus of this study is the representation of women in leadership positions.

It show the data of women participation that increased the representation
of women in executive leaders. This result shows the idea of adding the women
in leadership roles for business sustainability.
In this study, it focuses on the characteristics of women in leadership
positions in government and private sectors in Philippines. It identifies
the various factors that tells why they become a leader and their contribution
in leadership positions. Rather than positive influence, it has a barriers
that hinder the women to participate in leadership positions.

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

2:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

3:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

 RESEARCH DESIGN

Qualitative and quantitative research

Qualitative research

Qualitative research

Qualitative research
Qualitative research

RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

This study tells women makes work better in some reason. It explore the
benefits of the women leader that leads them to be a leader. This study
related to our Variables about the influence of why women become the leaders.

This study examine the factors that helps women to achieve their leadership
positions in stem. This study related to the variables about the what factors
influence women to be a leader in stem. In addition, this the findings of
this study found out that male mentor's can really help women to get in
leadership positions.

This study show proof the effectiveness of women to be a leader because

of the empathy, teamwork, emotional intelligence and connecting to other
people. This study related to our variables for the reasons of women leaders
effectiveness. In addition, having women in leadership positions improves
a company performances.

This study tells that when women occupying the role of leadership,
it has a positive impact. In the context of business, women holding the CEO
positions make it a better improvement for the business.
This study identifies the various factors that influence women to contribute
in Leadership positions. Social cultural support in the Philippines that help
the women to participate in public life and because of high education
level of female Filipinos, it provide help for them in strong foundation
to be a leader.

FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR

VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This study recommend a organization and develop programs thet design for women
that faced challnges

This study recommend to emphasize the value and satification of work.

Provide opportunities and training for women.

This study recommend a companies should develop a policies that promote gender
equality especially for women

This study recommend the encouragement for companies tobuild gender-inclusive

cultures.
The limitations is it only focus on publicity list.
This study recommend to promote policies that support work-life balance for wo

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

USED INYOUR RRL

(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Women leaders have it good in PH. (n.d.).

Schmitt, M., & Wilkesmann, U. (2020). Women in

Management in STEM: Which factors influence
the achievement of leadership positions?.
International Journal of Gender, Science and
Technology, 12(3), 328-352.

Farhan, B. Y. (2022). Women leadership effectiveness:

competitive factors and subjective and objective
qualities. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1).

Pbcwe. (2024, September 6). PBCWE Unveils Results of Census on Women in Leadership Roles in Phili
https://pbcwe.com.ph/2024/08/21/pbcwe-unveils-results-of-census-on-women-in-leadership-roles-in-ph

APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST

LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
en in Leadership Roles in Philippine Publicly Listed Companies: Key Findings of the Study include Gender Diversi
omen-in-leadership-roles-in-philippine-publicly-listed-companies-key-findings-of-the-study-include-gender-divers
Study include Gender Diversity and Business Sustainability. Philippine Business Coalition for Women Empowerm
e-study-include-gender-diversity-and-business-sustainability/?hl=en-GB
Coalition for Women Empowerment (PBCWE).
Benefits of Being a Leader

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Reviewing the influence of positive leadership

on worker well-being: A comprehensive analysis

Azila-Gbettor et al. (2024)

The power of empowerment: Predictors and

Edelmann, C. M., Boen, F., & Fransen, K. (2020). benefits of shared leadership in organizations

Kristina Ström; Sanna Wenström; Satu Uusiautti

(2024) Positive Leadership Development and Leadership
Types in Finnish Leaders' Narratives
Team Productivity

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Shared leadership and project success:

The roles of knowledge sharing, cohesion
Imam, H., Zaheer, M.K., (2021) and trust in the team
Benefits of Leadership in the Developm

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Leadership Development in Women STEM

Students: The Interplay of Task Behaviors,
Coluccio et al. (2024) Self-Efficacy, and University Training
SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 3.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

 FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The study focuses on analyzing the influence of positive leadership on workers' well-being within the workforce.

The study focuses shared leadership which is a way for leaders to share their responsibilities with teammates
such as allowing teammates to have power and influence in strategic decision making.

The study focused on Finnish leaders who participated in a training program, Positive Leadership Training with
purpose to enhance the general understanding regarding the emergence of positive
leadership in leaders.
 FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The study explores its influence on project success, specifically in an IT project context, additionally investigates the
mediating role of knowledge sharing, cohesion, and trust in team as moderators.
Development of Leaders

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

This study explores the relationship between task-oriented behaviors, self-efficacy, and leadership emergence in wo
STEM students, grounded in the context of prototypical leadership theory and self-efficacy theory.
3:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

 RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive Research

Descriptive Research

Qualitative Research, Narrative Research Design

 RESEARCH DESIGN

Qualitative Research, Phenomenological Research

 RESEARCH DESIGN

Discriptive Research Design

RESEARCH DESIGN
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

The research found insightful contexts that discusses the benefits of leadership
and how it affects the teamwork such as team motivation,
attitude and performance.

The study found that shared leadership between team members increase
hands-on involvement that enhances productivity as it promotes transparency,
accountability, and equity.

The study found that leading guides the leaders through the journey of emergence and
development in their roles.
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

The study found that shared leadership amplifies the project success via
knowledge sharing and cohesion as trust plays a big role in group interaction.
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

The study found that there is a direct relationship between female leaders'
self-efficacy and academic progress.
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

Explore on comprehensive review of existing studies

specifically on the nexus between positive leadership
behaviours and workers’ well-being.

For formal leaders to reconsider their management style and to empower

their employees such as promoting participative goal setting or self-development,
can stimulate employees to take on and fulfill peer leadership roles well.

Highlight the role of authenticity in leadership development and the benefits of

positive leadership training for leaders with different backgrounds.
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

The present study analyzed members’ perception of recently-completed projects

and operationalized knowledge sharing and cohesion in team.
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

The understanding of leadership behaviors may overlook the complexity

and adaptability of women leaders, especially in fields where task-based leadership
is crucial, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES

YES

YES
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Edem M. Azila-Gbettor, Ben Q. Honyenuga, Eli A. Atatsi, Christina Naa Ayertso

Laryea, Abigail Nana Konadu Quarshie, Reviewing the influence of positive
leadership on worker well-being: A comprehensive analysis

Edelmann, C. M., Boen, F., & Fransen, K. (2020). The power of empowerment:
Predictors and benefits of shared leadership in organizations. Frontiers in
Psychology, 11, 582894.

Ström, K., Wenström, S., & Uusiautti, S. (2024). Positive leadership development and leadership types in Finnish lead
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Imam, H., & Zaheer, M. K. (2021). Shared leadership and project success: The roles of knowledge sharing, cohesion a
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Coluccio, G., Muñoz-Herrera, S., Adriasola, E., & Escobar, E. (2024). Leadership Development in Women STEM Stude
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
nd leadership types in Finnish leaders’ narratives. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 10(4), 688-708. htt
of knowledge sharing, cohesion and trust in the team. International Journal of Project Management, 39(5), 463-473. https://do
elopment in Women STEM Students: The Interplay of Task Behaviors, Self-Efficacy, and University Training. Behavioral Sciences
on and Science, 10(4), 688-708. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.3484
gement, 39(5), 463-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.02.006
ersity Training. Behavioral Sciences, 14(11), 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14111087
VARIABLE 4:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Women in leadership: Examining barriers to

women’s advancement in leadership
Thelma et al.(2024) positions

Breaking the Glass Ceiling?: A Case Study of

Challenges and Successes of Women Leadership
Simporios et al.(2024) Positions in the Philippine Technology Startup
Ecosystem (PTSE)

Encinas-Franco et al.(2023) Barriers to Filipino Women's Political Participati

O’connell et al.(2021) Perceptions of barriers to career progression for

academic women in STEM
 Barriers and Assistance for Female Leaders in
Academic STEM in the US

McCullough(2020)

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.1:GENDER

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Casad et al.(2021) Gender inequality in academia: Problems

Eagly(2021) Hidden in plain sight: The inconsistent g

Campomanes et al.(2021) A Phenomenological Study on Leadership Ca

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.2:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

Kube et al.(2024) Addressing Gender in STEM Classrooms: The Imp

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

 FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The focus of the study is to examine the barriers that women's are facing throughout their journey in leadership pos
and progression.

The focus of the study is to identify the barriers that women had faced throughout their
journey in technology startups.

The focus of the study is to identify the situation of women in electoral politics, to point out the barriers to women,
and to recommend solutions.

This study discusses the barriers that women had faced. And how these barriers have them negative impact.
 The focus of this study is to identify the specific barriers that women leaders in STEM facing. This also focuses on
assistance needed of women.

1:GENDER STEREOTYPES

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

The focus of the study is to discuss gender stereotypes in STEM. This also focuses on the problems an

This study focus on discussing the inconsistency of gender gaps in stem and to bring or raise awaren
 This study focus in exploring the lived experiences of female tertiary students in male-dominated dis

2:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

This study of to discuss the current situation of women in STEM including the discrimination that they are facing.
3:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research utilized qualitative and quantitative

as the research design or mix method approach
to conduct the study and to be able to get the
outcome needed for the study.

According to the study of Simporios et al.(2024),

this study used a case study research design to
be able to understand the experiences of women
including their challenges, and how they overcome
they have faced through in technology startups.

This study used mixed method to be able to get the result

such as the interpretation of the data gathered that
used in qualitative research design, and statistical
data in quantitative data. Thus, this study used
mixed method.

The study used Qualitative as research design as

this topic is needs in-depth understanding and
interpretation about the barriers experienced by
women.
The study used quantitative data to provide the
numerucal data that needs in research. This study also
discussed the statistic analysis as this study analyze
and interpreted the numerical data gathered.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used Qualitative data to be able to in

According to this study, this research used a li

This research used descriptive research design

RESEARCH DESIGN

This research used qualitative as this study need an in-depth understanding about gathered data to be able to addre
RESEARCH DESIGN
 FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE

Women struggles in leadership roles due to different barriers.

Women facing underrepresentation due to barriers although lot of women started

their own business.

Women are already facing barriers to get elected to leadership position.

This study provided barriers that women struggles in STEM.

This study also provided barriers that women have encountered in STEM in
leadership role.

FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR

VARIABLE

This study proven that women in STEM are facing gender stereotypes

This study discusses the gender gaps in within stem and leadership. Thi
 This study discusses what are the situations of women in male-dominated discipline.

FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR

VARIABLE

need an in-depth understanding about gathered data to be able to address the discrimination that women faces.
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
 RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This study recommends an unbiased practices, diversity and inclusion among all
genders. Beside that, this study only conducted in a specific location and
cannot apply in other contexts.

The limitation of this study is that PTSE is dynamic and not fixed which the result
in the future research could be different.

This study empowering women and advocating to strengthen the support in women.

This study recommends to raise awareness among women in STEM who suffered
various obstacles.
This study only discusses the situation of women in STEM in the US and not in all
sectors, and other locations.

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

This study recommends to make more policies regarding this issue an

This study recommends to raise awareness about the implicit biases wi

e-dominated discipline.

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS

scrimination that women faces.

RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

YES

YES

YES

YES
YES

USED INYOUR RRL

(YES OR NO)

Yes

Yes
Yes

USED INYOUR RRL

(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Thelma, C. C., & Ngulube, L. (2024). Women in leadership: Examining barriers to

women’s advancement in leadership positions. Asian Journal of Advanced
Research and Reports, 18(6), 273-290.

Simporios, L. L., Jarabe, M. L., Taylan, F., & Serrano, J. (2023). Breaking the glass ceiling? A case study of challenges a

Encinas-Franco, J., & Laguna, E.(2023). Barriers to

Filipino Women's Political Participation.
https://cids.up.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/
Barriers-to-Filipino-Womens-Political-Participation.pdf

O’connell, C., & McKinnon, M. (2021). Perceptions of barriers to career progression for
academic women in STEM. Societies, 11(2), 27.
McCullough, L. (2020). Barriers and assistance for female leaders in academic STEM
in the US. Education Sciences, 10(10), 264.

APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST

LINK

Casad, B. J., Franks, J. E., Garasky, C. E., Kittleman, M. M., Roesler, A. C., Hall, D. Y., & Petzel, Z. W. (20

Eagly, A. H. (2021). Hidden in plain sight: the inconsistent gender gaps in STEM and leadership. Psychological Inqu
Campomanes, M. M., Reguyal, M. R., Leon, J. R.,(2021)A Phenomenological Study on Leadership Capabilities and

APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST

LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
ling? A case study of challenges and successes of women leadership positions in the Philippine Technology Startup Ecosystem (
Hall, D. Y., & Petzel, Z. W. (2020). Gender inequality in academia: Problems and solutions for women faculty in S

nd leadership. Psychological Inquiry, 32(2), 89–95.https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2021.1930764

y on Leadership Capabilities and Opportunities of Female Tertiary Students in a Male-Dominated Disciplinehttps://ejournal.unk
ne Technology Startup Ecosystem (PTSE). https://repository.upou.edu.ph/items/fefc22bd-756f-457b-bc3d-f7daf6f65834
olutions for women faculty in STEM. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 99(1), 13–23.https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.2
ated Disciplinehttps://ejournal.unklab.ac.id/index.php/8ISCSS/article/view/677
f-457b-bc3d-f7daf6f65834
23.https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24631
VARIABLE 4: Coping Mechanism

AUTHOR/S; YEAR

Ümmühan et al (2023)

Anne Marie A. Casper et al (2020)

Akinlua Tolulope Moradeyo et al (2021)

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.1:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR
SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.2:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR
SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR
hanism

TITLE

Gender Stereotypes, Resilience and Self-

Efficacy as Determinants of Female
Entrepreneurial Intentions

Outperforming yet undervalued:

Undergraduate women in STEM

PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S GENDER

DISCRIMINATION EXPERIENCES IN FEMALE-
DOMINATED STEM FIELDS IN TURKEY FROM
LIFE-COURSE PERSPECTIVE.
4.1:

TITLE
4.2:

TITLE
4.3:

TITLE
FOCUS OF THE STUDY
FOCUS OF THE STUDY
FOCUS OF THE STUDY
FOCUS OF THE STUDY
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
 USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)

Yes

Yes
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK

Olakitan, O. O., Kayode, A. E., Olufunke, K. A., Moradeyo, A. T., & Victoria, B. O.
J. (2021). Gender stereotypes, resilience and self-efficacy as determinants of
female entrepreneurial intentions. Gender and Behaviour, 19(2), 18035-18051.

Bloodhart, B., Balgopal, M. M., Casper, A. M. A., Sample McMeeking, L. B., &
Fischer, E. V. (2020). Outperforming yet undervalued: Undergraduate women
in STEM. Plos one, 15(6), e0234685.

Söylemez Özgür, Ü. (2023). PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S GENDER

DISCRIMINATION EXPERIENCES IN FEMALE-DOMINATED STEM FIELDS IN
TURKEY FROM LIFE-COURSE PERSPECTIVE (Master's thesis, Middle East
Technical University).
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
VARIABLE 4:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.1:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.2:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

SUB TOPIC OF VARIABLE 4.3:

AUTHOR/S; YEAR TITLE

FOCUS OF THE STUDY
1:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

2:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

3:

FOCUS OF THE STUDY

RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
FINDINGS RELATED TO YOUR
VARIABLE
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS OR
LIMITATIONS
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
USED INYOUR RRL
(YES OR NO)
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK
APA 7TH EDITION REFERENCE LIST
LINK