Answer ALL questions.

Questions 1-2 refer to the following passage.

An important effect of heat is that it can produce a change of state. Matter exists in any of the three

states – solid, liquid, or gas. In a gas, the particles can move around freely and independently. In a

liquid, particle movement is a bit constrained and limited to sliding and flow movement within its

volume. In a solid, particle movement is restricted to only vibrational motion of particles in their

fixed positions.

Thus, a change of matter from one physical state to another is called change of state. The state of

matter depends on its temperature and the pressure that is exerted on it.

1. Which one of the following is NOT a property of a solid?

A. definite shape

B. Can be compressed

C. Definite volume

D. Definite mass

2. Which change of state occurs when a liquid is cooled and the particles lose energy and stop
moving?

A. Melting

B. Solidification

C. Evaporation

D. Condensation

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Questions 3-6 refer to the following passage.

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can be a solid such as steel, a liquid
such as water, or a gas such as air. Elements are pure substances composed of only one type of
atom. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element. An atom
can be modeled by the diagram below.

Neutral atoms have a charge of zero. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged, and
if an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged. Once an atom has an electrical charge, it
is called an ion. The number of protons never changes in an atom and is unique for every element.

3. The subatomic particle that distinguishes one element from another is a(n)

A. Electron

B. Neutron

C. Proton

D. Ion

4. Which of the following has a negative charge?

A. proton

B. neutron

C. atom

D. electron

5. The atomic number for an atom containing 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons is

A. 20

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 B. 21

C. 40

D. 41

6. Magnesium has 12 protons and electrons. When charged, it loses 2 electrons. Which symbol
represents the charged magnesium (Mg) ion?

A. Mg2−

B. Mg

C. Mg2+

D. Mg−

Questions 7-8 refer to the following diagram.

7. Which statement describes a weakness in the model of a carbon atom?

A. The electrons are drawn smaller than the protons.

B. Protons and neutrons are shown in the atom’s nucleus.

C. The electrons are shown on fixed paths around the nucleus.

D. The numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons are the same.

8. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Which of the following arrangements describes a neutral carbon
atom?

A. The total number of protons is 6 and the total number of electrons is 8.

B. The total number of protons is 6 and the total number of electrons is 7.

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 C. The total number of protons is 6 and the total number of electrons is 6.

D. The total number of protons is 6 and the total number of electrons is 10.

Use the following information for Questions 9 and 10:

An exothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that gives out energy in the form of heat. One
example of an exothermic reaction is the burning of fossil fuels, such as natural gas (methane). In
this reaction, methane and oxygen combust to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and
release heat energy. The chemical equation for this is:

An endothermic reaction is a type of chemical reaction that takes energy from the surroundings.
One common endothermic reaction is photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, plants use the energy from
sunlight, along with carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H2O), to make glucose (C6H12O6) and release
oxygen (O2). The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

9. Which chemical equation correctly illustrates the following statement?

Magnesium burns in oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.

A. O2 + MgO → 2Mg

B. 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

C. 2MgO + O2 → 2Mg

D. 2O2 + 2Mg → 4O + 2Mg

10. Is the reaction in Question 9 endothermic or exothermic? Write your answer in the blank.

___________________________________________________

Use the following graphic for Question 11:

11. How many protons are found in the nucleus of a hydrogen atom?

A. 1

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 B. 1.007
C. 2.008
D. 3

Use the following chart for Questions 12 through 14:

Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

12. Which of the following materials would be a good conductor?

A. a vinyl floor because it does not transfer heat

B. a plastic spoon because it does not absorb heat

C. a wool blanket because it slows the transfer of heat from skin

D. a copper pipe because it accelerates the transfer of heated materials

13. How would a colorless, odorless gas with a very low melting point and a high density at the
boiling point best be classified?

A. as a metal because it has a high density

B. as a metal because it has a boiling point

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 C. as a nonmetal because it is a colorless gas

D. as a nonmetal because it has a melting point

14. Which properties of the metallic element copper make it a good choice for both jewelry and
cookware?

A. high ductility

B. good electrical conductivity

C. low melting point

D. strength and malleability

15. Which equation is represented by the symbols shown?

A. 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

B. 2Cu + 2O → CuO2

C. 2Cu + 2O2 → 2CuO2

D. Cu + 2O → Cu2O2

Question 16 refers to the following figure:

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16. An experiment was conducted to determine the density of a marble. First, the student massed the
marble with a triple beam balance to determine it had a mass of 10 grams. Second, the student
filled the graduated cylinder with water as shown in the diagram and then dropped in the marble.
Using the diagram, calculate the density of the marble.

A. 2 g/ml

B. 6.5 g/ml

C. 0.15 g/ml

D. 0.5g/ml

Questions 17-18 refer to the following passage.

An endothermic reaction is when heat energy is absorbed. During an endothermic reaction, the
temperature of the substance decreases. An example of an endothermic reaction is an ice cube
melting. An exothermic reaction releases heat energy. During an exothermic reaction, the
temperature of the substance increases. An example of an exothermic reaction is freezing water
into an ice cube.

17. A coach takes a cold pack and pops the container inside. The following data table shows the
temperature of the pack as time goes on.

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This reaction is an example of what type of reaction?

A. Endothermic

B. Exothermic

C. Subjective

D. Heat of vaporization

18.

This reaction can be classified as a(n)

A. endothermic reaction

B. exothermic reaction

C. nuclear fission reaction

D. decomposition reaction

Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following information.

Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, but they can have different
numbers of neutrons and therefore different masses. Atoms with the same atomic number (the
number of protons) but with different masses are called isotopes. Isotopes are identified by the
total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For example, the table below lists the
isotopes of the element oxygen.

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19. An isotope of argon (atomic number = 18) has a mass number of 40. How many neutrons are in
this isotope?

A. 18

B. 40

C. 22

D. 58

20. Which one of the following pairs are isotopes?

A. O2 and O3

B. 35Cl and 37Cl

C. I2(g) and I2(s)

D. F+ and F–

Question 21 is based on the following information.

There are six distinct changes of phase that happen to different substances at different
temperatures:

• Freezing–A substance changes from a liquid to a solid.

• Melting–A substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

• Condensation–A substance changes from a gas to a liquid.

• Evaporation or vaporization–A substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

• Sublimation–A substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid
state.

• Deposition–A substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without going through the liquid
state.

21. In warm, humid weather, people who wear glasses experience a very common effect of phase
change while getting off an air-conditioned bus: their glasses suddenly fog up. After a while, the

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glasses become clear again. Which of the following physical processes are involved in these
phenomena?

A. condensation followed by evaporation

B. condensation followed by fusion

C. solidification followed by evaporation

D. solidification followed by fusion

Question 22 and 23 are based on the following information.

Many times, individual atoms are bonded together with other atoms. A molecule is a particle made
of two or more atoms bonded together. If the atoms are the same type, then the molecule is
classified as an element.

Molecules can also be made of two or more different types of atoms. In this case, the molecule is
called a compound. A compound is made of two or more elements that have been chemically
bonded.

22. Which of these substances is a compound?

A. air

B. hydrogen

C. oxygen

D. water

23. Which of the following is not a compound?

A. HCl

B. Cl

C. NaCl

D. CO2

Question 24 and 25 are based on the following information.

Substances can be identified by their properties. There are two basic types of properties that we
associate with matter. These properties are called physical properties and chemical properties.
Physical properties are those that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance.

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 Chemical properties are those that can be observed only during a chemical reaction that alters the
substance’s chemical identity and produces one or more new substances.

24. Which of the following demonstrates a change in physical properties?

A. wood burning in a campfire

B. a banana turning brown

C. a steak cooking in a frying pan

D. a glass being shattered by a flying dart

25. The fact that iron is denser than aluminium is an example of a property of iron,
and the fact that iron exposed to atmospheric oxygen forms rust is an example of a

property of iron.

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