Enclonar, Kimberly / MLS 3A

LIS Decision
LIS • Implementation of LIS requires close collaboration
November 24, 2020 between lab and informatics
Cynthia Dayoan, RMT
• LIS needs to be a priority for both groups
• Re-thinking of lab operations may be required
A software system that tracks, manages, and stores
• Staff required to build and support
data for clinical laboratories is a laboratory information
• Development of standards
system (LIS). Traditionally, a LIS has been most skilled in
sending laboratory test orders to laboratory instruments, Data and Information
monitoring those orders, and then documenting the results,
• Data – Raw elements, or single facts that by
usually to a database that is searchable.
themselves have no meaning, but when organized
Through managing and documenting vital data on "the
and evaluated together have the potential to reveal
state of infection, immunology, and patient care and
information.
treatment state," the standard LIS has assisted the activities
• Information: Data that have been processed assorted
of public health organizations (such as hospitals and clinics)
and presented in such a manner that it increases the
and their related laboratories. They are built to fulfill the
knowledge of the user.
entire organization's knowledge needs to the fullest. This
• Information Systems: A collection of interlinked and
includes the principle of organizational structures and the
dependent parts that are organized to collect and
continuous cycle of resource intake and the return of goods
input data, process the data into information, output
and services to external users.
the information to users
• Computer-Based Information System (CBIS): An
Common Laboratory Information System Functions
information system that uses the components and
• patient management, including admission date, technology of computers.
admitting physician, ordering department, specimen
type, etc.
Components of a Computer-Based Information
• patient data tracking
System
• decision support, including comparisons of lab orders
with their respective ICD-9 codes • Hardware
o Computer Hardware
• standard test ordering and specimen tracking
o Input Devices
• test ordering for point-of-care, molecular, and genetic
o Central Processing Unit (CPU)
testing
o Output Devices
• quality assurance
o Input/Output (I/O) Devices
• workload and management reporting
• CPU, Computer memory and data storage, Data
• analytical reporting
storage devices
• workflow management
• billing • Computer hardware: The physical (i.e plastic and
wire) parts of a computer
• third-party software integration
• Input Devices: are mechanisms whereby a computer
Role of LIS receives data; these includes keyboards, barcodes
To manage: readers, computer links and data converters
• Data
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Work Flow
• The electronic portion of a computer; includes the
• Changing Business/processes
controlling unit and the quantitative analysis and data
• Existing systems and improving where required
processing unit (i.e., arithmetic logic unit).
• Resources
• Output Devices: Mechanisms such as printers and
• QA/QC
monitors that allow the computer to disseminate
Reasons why one should have LIS in the Laboratory information and communicate with its users.
• Improve data management in lab to increase lab
Main Memory
personnel
• Enable centralization of information • The primary storage space inside the CPU designed
for holding data and instructions while they are
• Support and enhance business processes of the lab
actively processed.
• Take advantage of new lab information technology
• Peripheral Storage Devices: The secondary, or
• Provide easy access to data
LIS is the sum of hardware, software, people, procedures remote, storage devices such as floppy disks, used to
and data store data not being actively processed by the CPU.
• Read-Only Memory (ROM): Part of the memory that is
Specimen Tracking permanently protected from being modified, erased,
or written over.
• Tract specimen from receipt, processing, testing,
reporting to storage • Random-Access Memory (RAM): Part of the memory
(main and peripheral) that is not protected from
• Electronically capture results from lab diagnostic
alteration.
equipment and store with specimen details
• Database: In general, refers to all the data stored in
• Protocols and algorithms for testing and final result
determination both the main memory and peripheral storage
devices; in particular, refers to a specific collection of
Patient Tracking related computer files.
• Hard Disk: A disk stored inside the CPU; consists of a
• Patient focus
magnetic-coated metal plate used for the main
• Enable determination of patient outcomes
operating programs of the computer.
• Integrate patient and specimen integration
• Support patient management and care/treatment
 Enclonar, Kimberly / MLS 3A
• Floppy Disk: A removable flexible plastic disk with a Client-Server Laboratory Information System
magnetic coating, used to store information external • An open system that allows users to tap into the LIS
to the CPU; also known as a diskette. with their independent computer systems, extract
• Disk Drive: The mechanical machinery and electronic only the information they want, and present it in the
unit that allows data and information to be extracted format they wish on their own computer screen or
on disks by the computer; may contain either a printer.
magnetic scanner or a laser reader.
Laboratory Information System
Software: The instructions • A complete network of computer components
• The instructions (i.e. program) given to the computer designed to incorporate all aspects of the
to perform its tasks. informational needs of the laboratory and its
• Applications Software: Programs designed to meet customers from the intake of requests for services
specific needs of the users, such as word processing, and the processing of work flow to the delivery of
payroll, or blood bank inventory management results.

Systems Software Systems Analysis and Design

Programs designed to control and run the operating systems • It is the formal process of studying a problem and
of the computer including communications, application creating a solution.
software, and database management. • It is used to identify informational needs of the
• Computer Language laboratory and design the computer system including
o Machine Language both hardware and software that will meet the goals
o Programming Language and objectives established for the system.
• CPU machine language and binary codes
o Bytes, Bits Process of determining how the information system can
meet the objectives
Computer Language • Collect data and information needed to conduct the
• Machine Language : The binary-coded language used system analysis study
directly by the computer. • Analyze the laboratory’s current computing status
• Programming Language: A language used to write and informational needs and prepare a feasibility
software by the computer; allows the program to be report
written in English-like symbols using rules that are • Establish system specifications using diagramming
more easily understood by human beings than is flow charting and other system analysis technique
machine • Determine hardware and software requirements
needed to meet the goals and specifications of the LIS
CPU machine language and binary codes
• Bytes: The storage units of a computer, comparable Guide in Selecting LIS
to words in a human language. • CPU processing speed and storage capacity
• Bits: Subunits of bytes, comparable to letters in an • User-friendly software
alphabetic human language; represent one position • Networking capability
on a computer chip or a single digit in machine • Record of hardware and software reliability
language. • Voice recognition system for dictation
• Patient record retention capacity
Computer Networks
• Local Area Network (LAN) Guide in Installing Computer System
• Wide Area Network (WAN) • System Integration* Work flow
• Host-Based LIS • Manual procedures * System backup
• Client-Server LIS • Disaster Recovery* System shutdown
• System start-up * Software validation
Local-Area Network (LAN) • Quality Assurance * Change control
• A computer network that connects computers and • Training and competency
their equipment in a confined area, usually a building
or a place in which the users are in close geographical
proximity to each other (e.g., a multifacility medical
center complex)

Wide-Area Network (WAN)

• A computer network that connects computers and
their equipment over a large, disbursed geographical
area such as a state, nation, or the whole world,
usually through the facilities of common carriers, such
as telephone lines or satellite channels.

Host-Based Laboratory Information System

• A local-area network interfaced with a central
controlling CPU whose program determines how data
are received, processed, and disseminated.