CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

The reproductive health of persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in

jail facilities is a critical concern within both public health and human

rights frameworks. Female PDLs, in particular, face numerous

reproductive health challenges, such as limited access to essential

healthcare services, inadequate menstrual hygiene management, and

a lack of comprehensive reproductive health education. These issues

are further exacerbated by the restrictive and resource-poor

environment of jails, where the specific health needs of women are

often neglected.

Women prisoners’ health is one of the most significant public

health challenges, as the increasing rate of incarceration directly

impacts the overall health of prisoners. It is estimated that

incarcerated individuals are more susceptible to diseases due to a high

prevalence of infections and deteriorating physical and mental

conditions caused by stress, anxiety, and overcrowding. The health

status and access to healthcare services for prisoners, especially

female prisoners, are pressing global issues that warrant attention

(Bukhari et al., 2024). Globally, over 10 million people are

incarcerated, with the majority in countries like the United States,

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Russia, and China, which together account for only a quarter of the

world’s population. In many other countries, the number of prisoners

has risen sharply in recent years. Many women, both as under-trial

detainees and convicted prisoners, have been incarcerated worldwide

(Bukhari et al., 2024). In the Philippines, the National Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology (BJMP) recorded over 1,600 pregnant

detainees and 485 births in the past two years, with approximately

80% of these women facing drug-related charges. Drug-related arrests

of women have surged from 9,000 in 2015 to over 15,000 (Cabato,

2021).

Prisoners' health, particularly for women, remains a major

challenge in public health, exacerbated by the increasing incarceration

rate. Studies estimate that prisoners are more prone to diseases due to

the prevalence of infections and the worsening of their physical and

mental health from stress, anxiety, and overcrowding. Health issues

and access to healthcare are especially urgent for female prisoners

and require international attention (Bukhari et al., 2024). Furthermore,

the nature of care in prisons differs from jails. Prisons often provide a

more stable environment with longer-term residents, allowing for

better ongoing care. However, women in jails, typically incarcerated for

shorter periods, face more limited opportunities for health

interventions (Kelsey et al., 2017).

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Feminist scholars have highlighted the distinct reproductive

health needs of incarcerated women. Despite significant literature on

women’s reproductive needs in prisons, there remains a limited

understanding of the lived experiences and institutional contexts of

these women, particularly in the Philippines. Research has identified

several factors that show how incarceration amplifies existing

reproductive health issues and creates new challenges. Filipino

incarcerated women, for example, often face restricted access to

reproductive healthcare, including pain management and iron

supplements (Nieva, 2021).

The poor reproductive well-being of incarcerated women is often

attributed to overcrowding, inadequate nutrition, and poor sanitary

facilities in Philippine prisons. My advocacy work has revealed that

mainstream reproductive health campaigns have largely overlooked

women prisoners. Although existing reproductive health laws support

disadvantaged women, they fail to address the specific needs of

incarcerated Filipino women (Nieva, 2021).

In Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR)-supervised facilities, female

PDLs serving sentences longer than three years face numerous

challenges, including overcrowding, suspension of visitation rights due

to the pandemic, and delays in the processing of releases. These

conditions are compounded by the emotional and mental health

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burdens of the pandemic, as well as health risks from COVID-19.

Interviews with relatives of women in conflict with the law (WICL) in

Quezon City revealed stories of women who had to sleep sideways due

to overcrowding. These issues are linked to the slow and inefficient

justice process, which has been exacerbated by the pandemic. The

frequent postponement of hearings and difficulty accessing legal

counsel have further stressed detainees (JJCICSI, 2021).

The reproductive health of persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in

jail facilities, particularly women, remains a significant challenge, with

ongoing efforts to address these issues within the criminal justice and

public health systems. At the Urdaneta District Jail-Female Dormitory,

the reproductive well-being of female PDLs is particularly critical, with

numerous gaps in health services and support mechanisms for this

vulnerable population.

To alleviate the sadness and anxiety experienced by female

detainees, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) offers

various recreational activities and projects in partnership with local

government units (LGUs). Additionally, reformation programs are

implemented with the support of non-governmental organizations

(NGOs) such as the Humanitarian Legal Assistance Foundation (HLAF),

which offer basic education through the Alternative Learning System

(ALS) and livelihood and skills development seminars in collaboration

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with DepEd and TESDA. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, these programs

are now conducted online.

As part of its efforts to ensure the welfare and rights of female

PDLs, the Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) has designated a

"Mother's Ward" for pregnant and nursing women, where newborn

children can stay with their mothers for up to one year. After this

period, the children are sent to the mother's relatives or to a

"children's facility" until the mother is released. However, there is no

policy that allows new mothers to bring their babies with them inside

the prison, and even before the pandemic, the only way for mothers to

see their newborns was through in-person visits.

Medical care for pregnant PDLs is provided, including regular

checkups and vitamins. For those who need immediate medical

attention, coordination with the local health office is made. However,

not all jails have dedicated structures for pregnant detainees, so the

BJMP only separates them from the general prison population. As of

September 2021, 2,832 female PDLs (20% of the total female jail

population) were fully vaccinated against COVID-19, while 5,316

received their first dose. The low vaccination rate is attributed to the

unavailability of vaccines.

While the pandemic has been recognized as impacting the

mental health of women PDLs, the BJMP does not have data on the
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number of detainees experiencing mental health issues or self-harm. In

response, the BJMP provides recreational activities in partnership with

the LGUs to help alleviate the stress and anxiety of detainees.

On October 7, 2021, a dialogue was held between the BJMP,

Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR), and implementing NGOs of the UN

Women-led "Delivery of Women’s Legal Literacy and Access to Justice

Services in the Philippines" Project (A2J Project). The dialogue aimed to

provide a platform for better understanding the roles of criminal justice

pillars, identify areas of concern related to women’s access to justice,

and explore how civil society groups can contribute to prison

development. The BJMP was represented by Senior Supt. Flory Flores

Sanchez, while BUCOR was represented by Corrections Technical

Inspector Kristine Cenal.

Reproductive health is a critical factor in advancing gender

equality and women's empowerment. However, the protection of

reproductive health in the Philippines continues to face significant

challenges (Abella et al., 2023). The study on reproductive well-being

at Urdaneta District Jail-Female Dormitory highlights these challenges

and emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions. It calls for

improved access to reproductive health care, comprehensive health

education, and the integration of mental health services for

incarcerated women.
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By documenting the lived experiences of female PDLs, the study

provides a foundation for informed, compassionate, and effective

healthcare practices, underscoring the need for collaborative efforts

from healthcare providers, jail authorities, and policymakers to

prioritize reproductive health services within jail facilities.

Theoretical Framework

The researchers have incorporated three key theories to guide

and support the study on reproductive well-being among persons

deprived of liberty (PDL) in Urdaneta District Jail-Female Dormitory.

These theories provide a comprehensive framework for understanding

the issues faced by women PDLs in terms of their reproductive health,

human dignity, and systemic challenges. The three theories utilized

are Maslow’s Theory of Basic Human Needs, Feminist Theory, and

Reproductive Justice Theory.

Maslow’s Theory of Basic Human Needs (1988) suggests that

human behavior is driven by five levels of needs, arranged

hierarchically. These needs include physiological needs, safety, love

and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The theory

emphasizes the importance of addressing individuals' health needs,

particularly in custody, to ensure their well-being and dignity. For

women PDLs, this theory underscores the significance of meeting their

basic physiological and safety needs, such as access to healthcare,

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sanitation, and safety within the facility. Furthermore, providing

opportunities for belonging, esteem, and self-actualization—such as

through education, skill development, and social connections—can

help these women achieve a sense of dignity and personal growth

despite the constraints of incarceration.

Feminist theory, a major branch of sociology, highlights the

systemic oppression faced by women and addresses issues such as

discrimination, objectification, economic inequality, power imbalances,

and gender roles. The theory views society as a structure in which

women are disadvantaged by various social institutions. In the context

of this study, feminist theory provides a lens through which to examine

the specific challenges faced by female PDLs, particularly with regard

to their reproductive health. The theory advocates for gender equality

and equal access to resources, health care, and opportunities for

incarcerated women. It emphasizes the need to address the

intersectional disadvantages faced by women in prison, including the

neglect or poor management of their reproductive health due to

gendered perspectives on incarceration.

Reproductive Justice Theory, as developed by Eaton and

Stephens (2002), expands upon traditional concepts of reproductive

rights by incorporating social justice and intersectionality. This theory

recognizes that women’s reproductive health and decision-making are

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shaped by systemic oppressions, such as racism, sexism, classism, and

heterosexism, which limit their ability to make meaningful choices

about their reproductive lives. In the context of female PDLs,

Reproductive Justice theory underscores the importance of providing a

holistic approach to reproductive health care that addresses not only

medical needs but also social and economic support. It calls for the

recognition of the broader conditions that impact incarcerated

women’s reproductive health, such as inadequate healthcare, lack of

reproductive health education, and poor living conditions. This theory

highlights the need for justice-oriented policies that improve access to

comprehensive reproductive health care within correctional facilities.

By integrating these three theories—Maslow’s Theory of Basic

Human Needs, Feminist Theory, and Reproductive Justice Theory—the

researchers aim to provide a multifaceted understanding of the

reproductive well-being of female PDLs in Urdaneta District Jail. These

theories emphasize the critical need for addressing the health, safety,

and dignity of incarcerated women, as well as the broader social and

systemic challenges that exacerbate their reproductive health

struggles. The study seeks to inform policy and practice that prioritize

the reproductive health and rights of incarcerated women, ensuring

that they receive adequate, respectful, and comprehensive care within

the justice system.

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Conceptual Framework

Women in prison face distinct reproductive well-being needs,

primarily due to their reproductive age and, in many cases, their roles

as mothers. Despite an extensive body of literature on prisoner health,

the specific reproductive well-being of incarcerated women remains an

under-researched area (Nieva Jr., 2022). Incarcerated persons deprived

of liberty (PDLs) often experience limited access to reproductive health

services due to the constraints imposed by jail rules and regulations,

as well as the availability of services within the correctional facility.

This gap in access further exacerbates the challenges these women

face in maintaining their reproductive health while incarcerated.

This study aims to address the reproductive well-being of PDLs in

Urdaneta District Jail-Female Dormitory (UDJ-FD). The researcher

examines how factors such as age, civil status, and length of

incarceration might impact the reproductive health of female

detainees, with a focus on the services provided by UDJ-FD. The

researchers are interested in understanding the lived experiences of

the women in UDJ-FD in terms of their reproductive health and the

existence and adequacy of the services provided to meet their needs.

By investigating these factors, the study seeks to gain insight into the

reproductive well-being of incarcerated women, which could ultimately

inform improvements in care and services within the jail.

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To structure the study, the researchers employed the Input-

Process-Output (IPO) model, which serves as the study's framework.

The model illustrates the relationship between the inputs, processes,

and outputs of the study. In the first part of the model, the "Input" box

details the factors influencing the reproductive well-being of PDLs in

UDJ-FD, such as their age, civil status, and length of incarceration. It

also highlights the positive or negative experiences of PDLs in relation

to their reproductive well-being and the availability of services

addressing these needs. The "Process" box represents the steps taken

by the researchers to gather and interpret the data, which includes

methods for collecting feedback from the women and analyzing the

existing services. Finally, the "Output" box outlines the results of the

study, including an assessment of the reproductive well-being

conditions in UDJ-FD. Based on the findings, the output will also offer

recommendations on whether the current services need improvement

or adjustments to better meet the needs of female detainees.

This research aims to shed light on the reproductive well-being of

female PDLs in UDJ-FD and provide evidence-based recommendations

to enhance their health services, ultimately contributing to a more

comprehensive and supportive care environment for incarcerated

women.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Reproductive  The  The

well-being of researchers researchers
PDL in UDJ-FD provide an can analyze
based on age, interview and know the
marital status, guide reproductive
number of questions needs of PDL
children, and through face- in UDJ-FD
length of to-face based on their
incarceration interviews age, marital
 Positive or concerning status,
Negative the PDL number of
experience of reproductive children and
PDL in UDJ-FD well-being length of
with regards to incarceration
their  Identify the
reproductive experience
well-being and the
 Existence of existence of
services on enough
reproductive services for
well-being of the
PDL in UDJ-FD reproductive
well-being of
PDL in UDJ-FD.

ACTION PLAN:

Recommendation
s based on the
results of data
gathered on
whether or not it
needs

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

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This study aims to build upon existing knowledge by specifically

focusing on the reproductive well-being of Persons Deprived of Liberty

in Urdaneta District Jail - Female Dormitory.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the question:

1. How would the participants describe their reproductive healthcare

services for persons deprived of liberty in Urdaneta District Jail -

Female Dormitory?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The research aims to investigate the reproductive well-being of

persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in the Urdaneta District Jail-Female

Dormitory (UDJ-FD), focusing on factors such as their age, civil status,

length of incarceration, personal experiences regarding reproductive

health, and the existence and effectiveness of the reproductive health

services provided by the jail. By narrowing the focus to the PDL in UDJ-

FD, the study seeks to gain an in-depth understanding of the unique

challenges faced by incarcerated women in this facility, particularly in

terms of maintaining their reproductive health while in custody. The

research also explores the support provided by Jail Officers and the

effectiveness of the reproductive healthcare services available to these

women. This focused approach will allow the researchers to gather

meaningful insights into the reproductive well-being of PDLs in UDJ-FD,

with the goal of identifying areas where services may need

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improvement or adjustment to better address the needs of this

vulnerable population. By excluding PDLs from other jail facilities, the

study ensures that the findings are specific to UDJ-FD and can more

accurately inform potential policy changes or improvements in the

facility's reproductive healthcare services.

Significance of the Study

This study intends to know if there are existing services that

give importance to the Reproductive Well-being of Persons Deprived

of Liberty in the Urdaneta District Jail - Female Dormitory (UDJ-FD).

Jail Officer: This study can benefit Jail Personnel for them to be

aware to the conditions of the PDL.

Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL): This study can help

drive positive changes in healthcare practices, support systems, and

overall well-being for female PDL, ultimately contributing to a more

holistic and supportive environment for female PDL.

Government Officials: It can help them to be aware of the

condition of female PDL and can contribute an additional jail building

to improve the rehabilitation of prisoners and can propose programs

for the reproductive well-being of female PDL.

Community: The community can benefit in this study for them

to be functional and beware committing crime. In this way, we can

avoid Incarceration.
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Parents: This study can help the parents to have proper

counseling to their children and be their companions in everything

that they do, because we believe that parents should be the first one

who teaches good lessons in their children.

Future Researchers: This study can serve as a reference for

similar related studies.

Definition of Terms

To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are

defined herein.

Incarceration: The act of putting or keeping someone in prison

or in a place used as a prison.

Inmates: The term is often used to describe individuals who

are incarcerated or residing in a specific facility.

Jail facility: A correctional institution that is used to detain

persons who are in the lawful custody of the government.

Jail Officer: A person who work in jail facilities, carrying out

different tasks associated with the management, monitoring, and care

of persons deprived of liberty.

Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL): A term used to refer to

all individuals who are detained or imprisoned based on a criminal

offense, including pretrial, under-trial detainees, and convicted and

sentenced prisoners.
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Jail Population: A term used to refer toa total number of PDL

incarcerated on a specific jail facility.

Reproductive Well-being: A state of physical, emotional, and

social well-being related to reproductive health, including access to

reproductive health services, information, and support.

Reproductive Healthcare Services: Services provided to

individuals to promote and maintain their reproductive health

education.

Reproductive Healthcare Programs: Programs provided to

individuals to promote and maintain their reproductive health

conditions.
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Chapter 2

RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the method and procedure that were

employed in this study. Specifically, it discusses the research design

used, the population and locale of the study, the data gathering

instrument, the data gathering procedure, the statistical treatment of

data, and the ethical considerations.

Research Design

A qualitative approach was selected as the research method for

this study due to its suitability for exploring the experiences of PDL in

UDJ-FD regarding their reproductive well-being. Qualitative research

emphasizes understanding human experiences through descriptive

data, enabling researchers to uncover personal narratives, emotions,

and perceptions. This approach follows an inductive process, where

data is gathered on a specific area of study and used to develop

meaningful insights and themes.

Semi-structured interviews were chosen to carry out this

research study, as they allow participants to elaborate and provide a

broader range of information based on their experiences. Semi-

structured interviews offer flexibility, enabling individuals to answer

questions in their own terms while maintaining a structure that allows

for comparability across responses. According to May (1997), this type

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of interview provides more room for participants to express themselves

compared to a focused interview. Kumar (2005) also notes that

interviews are especially suited for studying complex and sensitive

topics, as the interviewer can prepare the participant before asking

sensitive questions and can clarify any complexities directly in person.

Population and Locale of the Study

The study involved participants from the Urdaneta District Jail –

Female Dormitory, located at Anonas West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan,

with a total of thirty-one (31) individuals in the jail population at the

time of the interview. The participants were selected through a

purposive sampling method, which was used to gather information on

their age, civil status, number of children, length of incarceration,

positive or negative experiences regarding reproductive well-being,

and the existence of services or programs provided by the UDJ-FD. This

sampling method ensured that the study focused on individuals who

could provide relevant and meaningful insights into the reproductive

well-being of PDL in UDJ-FD.

Subjects of the Study and Sampling Scheme

The ideas behind a specific sampling approach vary significantly

and reflect the purposes and questions directing the study (Punch,

1998). In selecting the sample of participants, the researcher

employed a purposive sampling method. This approach is strategic and

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requires an effort to establish a good alignment between the research

questions and the sample (Bryman, 2004). The inclusion criteria for

this study focused on persons deprived of liberty (PDL) who had been

incarcerated for no less than three (3) months in the Urdaneta District

Jail – Female Dormitory. Ten (10) participants were selected based on

their willingness to share their reproductive health experiences and

their ability to provide relevant information. The study included

individuals of all ages, as age does not significantly influence

reproductive health concerns, including family planning, maternal

health, and menstrual hygiene management. The decision not to

impose an age restriction ensured a more diverse participant group,

which allowed for meaningful comparisons and a deeper understanding

of the shared experiences and challenges related to reproductive well-

being within the jail facility.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers developed a questionnaire focused on the topic

“Reproductive Well-Being of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Urdaneta

District Jail-Female Dormitory.” The data were collected through

interview questions posed to the selected respondents.

The data collection methods involved a comprehensive review of

existing literature, conducting interviews with female persons deprived

of liberty, and distributing questionnaires to gather insights from them.

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Additionally, interviews were conducted with selected jail personnel

and healthcare providers to gain their perspectives on reproductive

healthcare in the facility. Through this research, the goal is to identify

the challenges faced by female persons deprived of liberty in

maintaining their reproductive well-being and propose interventions to

address these issues. The findings will contribute to a better

understanding of the unique challenges these women face and offer

recommendations for policies and interventions that can support their

reproductive health needs.

Data Gathering Procedures

The study on the Reproductive Well-being of Persons Deprived of

Liberty (PDL) in Urdaneta District Jail - Female Dormitory requires a

structured and standardized data collection instrument to ensure

consistent and reliable data. The respondents were given the

opportunity to share their experiences and challenges regarding their

reproductive health while incarcerated. The interview was designed to

provide a standardized and objective measure of the reproductive

health needs and experiences of PDL in the facility.

The interview questions serve as a qualitative research tool,

combining both closed-ended and open-ended questions to allow for

the collection of both qualitative data. The closed-ended questions will

help gather demographic information, reproductive health history, and

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the challenges faced by the participants in maintaining their

reproductive well-being while in jail. This data will be analyze to

identify patterns and trends in reproductive health needs and

experiences, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the

situation of female PDL in Urdaneta District Jail – Female Dormitory.

Data Collection

Data collection for the study on the Reproductive Well-being of

Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in Urdaneta District Jail – Female

Dormitory took place in November 2024 within the secure environment

of the facility, ensuring privacy and safety for participants during the

process. The primary data gathering methods were semi-structured

interviews and focus group discussions, both of which provided the

flexibility to explore participants’ experiences while maintaining a

structured approach.

An interview guide was prepared beforehand, featuring open-

ended questions designed to encourage the participants to share

personal experiences, thoughts, and feelings regarding their

reproductive health and well-being. The interview was divided into key

sections, including participants' demographics, reproductive health

history, access to healthcare services, psychological and emotional

well-being, and their recommendations for improvement in the

healthcare system within the facility.

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The open-ended questions allowed participants to elaborate on

their perspectives, with questions like, "What are your main concerns

regarding reproductive healthcare access while in detention?" enabling

them to discuss their challenges in detail. Special care was taken to

ensure that the language used was understandable, culturally

appropriate, and sensitive to the participants' unique circumstances.

Before the main data collection, a pilot interview was conducted

to refine the interview structure, ensuring the clarity of questions and

minimizing potential discomfort for the participants. Data from this

pilot session was excluded from the final analysis but served as a

valuable tool for improving the interview process. Throughout the data

collection process, great emphasis was placed on building trust with

participants and creating a safe, judgment-free space where they felt

comfortable sharing their experiences.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers adhered to rigorous ethical standards

throughout the study by submitting a formal approval letter to the

Urdaneta District Jail – Female Dormitory before engaging with the

female persons deprived of liberty regarding their reproductive health.

In line with ethical principles, participants were fully informed about

the purpose of the study and their involvement, ensuring voluntary

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consent. Throughout the research, confidentiality was maintained,

safeguarding the privacy of the participants.

Respect for autonomy was a fundamental aspect of the study,

with the researchers ensuring that participants had the freedom to

make informed decisions about their participation. Special attention

was given to providing the necessary support to participants and

considering cultural diversity to ensure that the study was sensitive to

their individual needs and backgrounds.

The primary goal of the research was not only to contribute to

academic knowledge but also to make a positive impact on the

participants' well-being. This was achieved through collaboration with

the community and by engaging with participants in a way that

supported their voices and concerns. The researchers remained

committed to conducting the study in a manner that respected the

dignity and rights of those involved.

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Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results and discussions based on the

data gathered through thematic analysis from the study on the

reproductive well-being of persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in the

Urdaneta District Jail – Female Dormitory. The findings are organized

around the main themes that emerged from the participants'

responses during face-to-face interviews.

The first section introduces the participants, providing their

demographic information, which was collected during the interviews.

This includes details such as age, civil status, number of children, and

length of incarceration, which are essential to understanding the

context of their reproductive well-being experiences.

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Following the demographic introduction, the themes derived

from the interview questions will be discussed in detail. Each theme

corresponds to the specific questions asked during the interviews,

allowing for a clear connection between the participants' experiences

and the key aspects of reproductive well-being. Through this approach,

the study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the

challenges and experiences faced by female PDL in maintaining their

reproductive health within the confines of the Urdaneta District Jail –

Female Dormitory.

Part 1: Demographic Information of Participants

The following is a summary of the demographic information for the ten

participants involved in the study on reproductive well-being in the

Urdaneta District Jail – Female Dormitory.

Participant 1 is a 34-year-old single woman with no children, who

has been detained for one year and eight months at the time of the

interview. Participant 2, also single, is 32 years old and has no

children; she has been detained for one year. Participant 3, at 57 years

old, is a widow and a mother of eight children. She has been detained

for three months.

Participant 4 is 37 years old, single, and a mother of one child.

She has been detained for seven months. Participant 5, a 36-year-old

married woman with four children, has been detained for two years
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and fifteen days. Participant 6 is 29 years old, single, and a mother of

one child. She has been detained for more than three months.

Participant 7 chose not to disclose her age. She is single, a

mother of two children, and has been detained for one year and three

months. Participant 8 is 39 years old, married, and a mother of four

children. She has been detained for nine months. Participant 9 is 42

years old, single, a mother of three children, and has been detained for

three months. Finally, Participant 10 is 35 years old, married, a mother

of one child, and has been detained for eleven months.

Part 2: Descriptive answers of the participants during

interview regarding their Reproductive Well-being in Urdaneta
District Jail-Female Dormitory
The themes derived from the data collected were tabulated

addressing the statement of the problem of this study.

Reproductive Well-being of Persons Deprived of

Liberty (PDL)

SERVICE EFFECTIVENE IMPAC

SS T
PROVISIONS MODERATEL PHYSICA
OF BASIC Y L
HEALTH COGNITIV
SERVICE HIGHLY E
EFFECTIV
INTERFAIT SOCIA
H L

SKILLS TRAINING
AND LIVELIHOOD
PROGRAMS
CULTURAL AND
SPORTS
PROGRAM
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Figure 2. Thematic Diagram of the research study

Theme 1: Participants described the Reproductive Health

Services and Programs provided by the Urdaneta District Jail-

Female Dormitory.

This discusses the descriptive experiences of participants on the

reproductive healthcare services and programs provided to PDL in

UDJ-FD.

1. Different Programs/Services

During the interviews with PDL and jail officers, the researchers

gathered information about the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) programs and services that contribute to maintaining

the reproductive well-being of Persons Deprived of Liberty in the

Urdaneta District Jail - Female Dormitory.

1.1. Provisions of Basic Needs

All participants stated that they are provided with an equal

uniform consisting of a yellow shirt and brown jogging pants, three

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meals (breakfast, lunch, and supper), an adequate supply of potable

water, and hygiene kits.

1.2. Health Services

The participants shared their experiences regarding the health

services provided by UDJ-FD, which included medical assessments

upon admission, health education and counseling, medical

consultations, regular health monitoring, and the provision of

medicines subject to availability. Additionally, the participants

mentioned daily sunning and physical exercises as part of the health

regimen.

1.3. Interfaith Program

The BJMP chaplains and imams provide various religious services,

including mass celebrations, communal prayers, spiritual counseling,

catechism, and others. The participants also shared that different

religious groups visit the jail regularly to conduct spiritual programs,

offering additional support to the inmates' spiritual needs.

1.4. Skills Training and Livelihood Program

During the interview, the participants shared their experiences,

which were confirmed by the jail officers. They provided examples of

ongoing and popular livelihood projects for the PDL, which include bag

and purse making, bonsai crafting made of beads, pastry making, rug

crafting, paper crafting, and wood crafting. These activities help the
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inmates develop skills, occupy their time, and potentially generate

income.

1.5. Cultural and Sports Program

The researchers gathered information on the cultural activities

permitted in the jail, which include dancing, singing, theater/drama,

and art workshops. The PDL experience a sense of social normalcy

through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural events such as

birthdays, Valentine's Day, Mother's and Father's Day, Christmas, Lent

and Easter, Ramadan, local festivals, and other similar activities. These

events offer the inmates an opportunity to engage in familiar social

practices and help foster a sense of community and connection within

the facility.

1.6. Educational Programs

The BJMP has adopted the Alternative Learning System (ALS) of

the Department of Education for the PDL, allowing them to earn their

elementary and high school diplomas. Additionally, the jail facility, in

coordination with TESDA (Technical Education and Skills Development

Authority) programs, provides vocational skills training to help equip

the PDL with marketable skills, fostering their personal growth and

improving their prospects for reintegration into society upon release.

2. Quality of Services
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

All participants in this study indicated that they were in good

health and that the jail officers provided for their basic needs.

Participant 1 highlighted the reproductive health services and

programs offered by UDJ-FD, noting that she was able to perform her

duties and access a wide range of services to ensure her well-being

and that of her family. Participant 2 mentioned that she benefited from

services such as Bible Studies, which helped her learn valuable

lessons. Participant 3 shared that there were various programs

available, such as livelihood opportunities. Participant 4 emphasized

the responsiveness of jail officers in addressing health issues.

Participant 5 expressed satisfaction with being treated equally.

Participants 6 and 7 stated that the services at UDJ-FD were

satisfactory. Participant 8 mentioned that they engage in daily Zumba

sessions and other physical exercises. Lastly, Participants 9 and 10

expressed that there were plenty of good services and activities

provided within the jail facility.

3. Impact of Reproductive Health Services

Participant 1 mentioned that the reproductive health services

had a positive impact, helping to prevent boredom and ensuring that

PDL were well cared for, which alleviated their worries. Participant 2

shared that she viewed the services positively, as they helped her

realize her past mistakes and learn from them. Participants 3 and 7
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

both noted that the services provided contributed to their mental and

emotional well-being. Participants 4 and 5 expressed that the services

were helpful. Participant 6 stated that the services were satisfactory,

which helped her become more health-conscious. Participant 8 shared

that the services enabled her to learn a variety of new skills.

Participant 9 explained that the services made her more aware of the

different resources available within the jail. Finally, Participant 10

stated that the programs and services helped her avoid vices and

allowed her to make new friends.

4. Accessibility of the Services

All participants stated that they are treated equally inside the jail

facility, with equal access to various services offered, depending on the

individual's choices. The reproductive healthcare services for PDL in

UDJ-FD are made available to all, and participants noted that they are

able to take advantage of these services as per their needs and

preferences. This includes access to medical assessments, counseling,

and education on reproductive health, as well as support for any

reproductive health concerns.

5. Experiences

Participants 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9 stated that they had no negative

experiences while undergoing reproductive health services, expressing

satisfaction with the support and services provided. However,

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Participant 3 mentioned that there were no new clothes provided,

which was a concern for her. Participants 4, 6, and 10 shared that their

experiences with reproductive healthcare services were accompanied

by feelings of loneliness, depression, and missing their families.

Participant 5, on the other hand, reported having a bad experience

inside the jail facility, indicating that the environment negatively

impacted her well-being.

6. Recommendations

Participants 1 and 2 recommended providing support for

livelihood products to help generate additional income, enabling them

to meet their family needs. Participant 3 suggested the continuous

provision of nutritious foods to ensure good health. Participants 4 and

10 did not have any specific recommendations. Participants 5 and 6

emphasized the importance of considering their mental health, urging

jail officers to provide more support in this area. Participant 7

recommended increasing the number of service providers to better

meet the needs of the detainees. Lastly, Participants 8, 9, and 10

expressed a desire for more livelihood programs, sports activities, and

healthcare services to improve their overall well-being during their

detention.
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Chapter 4

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusion, and

recommendations of the study on the reproductive well-being of

Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in Urdaneta District Jail-Female

Dormitory (UDJ-FD).

Summary

The participants in this study described their experiences with

the reproductive healthcare services and programs available to

persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in the Urdaneta District Jail - Female

Dormitory (UDJ-FD) through face-to-face interviews, responding to a

structured interview guide. This research aimed to investigate the

reproductive well-being of female PDLs in UDJ-FD. The majority of

participants characterized the reproductive healthcare programs and

services provided by the UDJ-FD as very effective, addressing their

mental, physical, spiritual, and psychological needs.

However, some participants shared that they still faced

emotional challenges, particularly those who are mothers and

expressed missing their children and families. Based on the

demographic information, PDLs incarcerated for a shorter period

tended to experience more emotional distress, indicating that they

were still adjusting to their circumstances and not fully familiar with

the benefits of the services and programs offered by the Bureau of Jail

Management and Penology (BJMP).Despite these emotional challenges,

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most participants provided positive feedback regarding their

reproductive well-being, emphasizing that various activities

implemented inside the jail, such as physical exercises, livelihood

programs, and religious services, helped alleviate feelings of

loneliness, boredom, and anxiety. These findings underscore the

importance of the BJMP's programs in enhancing the overall well-being

of female PDLs, although there remains a need for further attention to

their emotional and mental health needs.

Salient Findings

This section presents the findings from the interview conducted

on the reproductive health services provided for Persons Deprived of

Liberty in Urdaneta District Jail - Female Dormitory.

Based on the data gathered, the following findings are presented:

1. Demographic Overview of Participants

a) Participants ranged in age from 29 to 59 years old, with varying

marital statuses (single, married, widow, separated).

b) The majority were mothers, with the number of children ranging

from one to eight.

c) The length of incarceration varied, from as short as two weeks to as

long as six years.

2. Reproductive Health Services and Programs

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a) The facility provides basic necessities, including meals, hygiene

kits, and potable water.

b) Medical services include health assessments upon admission,

regular check-ups, and access to medicines.

c) Reproductive health programs are integrated into broader health

initiatives, offering education and counseling.

d) Spiritual and mental well-being are supported through interfaith

programs, counseling, and religious services.

3. Skill Development and Personal Growth Opportunities

a) Livelihood training programs (e.g., crafting, baking, and rug-

making) help inmates develop new skills and prepare for

reintegration into society.

b) Cultural and sports programs, such as Zumba, arts, and music,

provide social engagement and mental stimulation.

c) Educational initiatives, including Alternative Learning System (ALS)

and TESDA vocational courses, enable inmates to continue

learning.

4. Perceived Quality and Impact of Services

a) Most participants reported satisfaction with the services provided,

stating that their health and well-being were maintained.

b) The programs helped prevent boredom, improved mental and

emotional well-being, and fostered personal development.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

c) Several participants highlighted the positive influence of faith-

based activities and health education on their outlook and

behavior.

d) Some inmates credited the services with helping them avoid vices

and develop healthier habits.

5. Challenges and Areas for Improvement

a) Some participants experienced homesickness and emotional

distress due to separation from family.

b) A few participants noted concerns about the behavior of certain jail

officers, calling for more fairness and respect.

c) The need for additional livelihood programs and health services,

including enhanced medical and dental care, was mentioned.

d) Suggestions were made to increase access to reproductive health

education and ensure continued provision of high-quality services.

6. Equal Access to Services

a) All participants confirmed that services were provided equally,

regardless of background or status.

b) The reproductive health programs and other services were

accessible based on individual needs and preferences.

Conclusion

Most Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in Urdaneta District Jail -

Female Dormitory expressed positive feedback regarding their

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

reproductive well-being, highlighting the various programs and

reproductive health services offered by the jail facility. These services

have played a significant role in enhancing their overall mental and

physical health. The reproductive well-being of the PDLs in UDJ-FD is

notably influenced by the health and wellness programs available,

which include medical assessments, health education, physical

activities, and access to livelihood training.

However, while the services have been beneficial, there are

areas that need improvement. Specifically, emotional support, respect

from jail staff, and stronger family engagement are areas that could

further enhance the well-being of the PDLs. Despite these challenges,

the current services, particularly healthcare and livelihood training,

have proven to be valuable in promoting the health and welfare of the

majority of PDLs in the facility. These findings suggest that while the

UDJ-FD’s programs are making a positive impact, ongoing efforts to

address emotional and social needs would further contribute to the

holistic well-being of the PDLs.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The recommendations provided are based on the findings

established from the PDL’s perspective regarding their reproductive

well-being and are aimed at improving the existing programs and

services offered by the BJMP in Urdaneta District Jail - Female

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Dormitory (UDJ-FD). Based on the conclusion of the study, the following

recommendations can further enhance the reproductive healthcare

services and programs in UDJ-FD:

1. It is essential to improve the availability of specialized

reproductive healthcare services, such as consultations with

gynecologists or other experts, and to provide more advanced medical

interventions. This will help address complex reproductive health

issues and ensure comprehensive healthcare. Partnering with local

health facilities or bringing in specialized medical professionals on a

regular basis would support more complex cases, ensuring the overall

health of the PDLs is thoroughly cared for.

2. While current educational programs on reproductive health

have been well-received, expanding these programs to cover

additional topics such as menopause, sexually transmitted diseases

(STDs), and other maternal health issues is recommended. Offering

more frequent workshops or peer-led discussions will encourage

greater participation and help keep PDLs informed. The development

of an interactive and tailored curriculum that covers a wider range of

reproductive health topics will be valuable to the participants.

3. Addressing any resource constraints affecting the efficient

delivery of healthcare services is necessary. To minimize delays in

receiving care, ensure that medical supplies, contraceptives, and

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

necessary medications are regularly checked, and implement better

inventory management practices to prevent shortages. This will help

improve the accessibility and availability of reproductive health

services for PDLs.

4. There is a need to further expand psychological support

services to address the mental and emotional aspects of reproductive

health. This could include regular counseling, stress management

programs, and support for women dealing with trauma or anxiety

related to their reproductive health. Increasing the frequency of mental

health sessions and considering the hiring or training of more mental

health professionals would greatly support the emotional well-being of

female inmates.

5. Continuing to provide ongoing training for healthcare staff is

crucial to ensure they remain knowledgeable about the latest best

practices in reproductive healthcare, especially within the context of a

correctional facility. Regular professional development opportunities

for healthcare providers should focus on reproductive health issues

specific to incarcerated women. Training should emphasize

compassion, cultural sensitivity, and the unique challenges faced by

female inmates in relation to reproductive health.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. BOOKS

Nieva, R. J. F. (2022). Contextualising the intersection of

reproductive wellbeing and incarceration: The case of

Filipino women in prison (Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy).

University of Otago. Retrieved from

https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Contextualisin

g- the-intersection-of-reproductive-wellbeing/9926479635501891

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design:

Choosing Among Five Approaches (3rd ed.). Sage

Publications.

B. INTERNET SOURCES

Cabato (2021) What happens to the children of the pregnant

women behind bars in the Philippines’ drugs war?

Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/southeast-

asia/philippines-drugs- war-pregnant-women-

b1830184.html.
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Longley R. (2021) All About Relative Deprivation and

Deprivation Theory. Retrieved from

https://www.thoughtco.com/relative- deprivation-theory-4177591

Abella, J., Alarcon, A., Comillo, J.A., Flores, R., Panis, M.E, Santos J.

(2023) State, Barriers and Development: Gender and

Reproductive Health in the Philippines Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372231106_State_Barriers_

an

d_Development_Gender_and_Reproductive_Health_in_the_Philippines

Bukhari M., Iqbal A., Zaidi S.R.H. (2024) Reproductive Health

Problems and Health Care Services Offered to Female

Inmates of Women Jail Multan. Retrieved from

https://tinyurl.com/y2euzbhf

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design

and implementation (2nd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology - BARMM (2025) Bureau of

Jail Management and Penology - BARMM Retrieved from

https://barmm.bjmp.gov.ph/programs/
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

C. JOURNALS

Lanciano, De Leonardis, and Curci (2022). The Psychological Effects

of Imprisonment: The Role of Cognitive, Psychopathic and

Affective Traits. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9632560/

Kelsey C., Medel N., Mullins C., Dallaire D., Forestell C. (2017) An

Examination of Care Practices of Pregnant Women

Incarcerated in Jail Facilities in the United States. Retrieved

from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314026413_An_Examination

of_Care_Practices_of_Pregnant_Women_Incarcerated_in_Jail_Facilities_

I n_the_United_States

JJCICSI (2021) Towards a Gender-Responsive Jail and Prison

Development: A Dialogue with the BJMP and BUCOR

Retrieved from https://jjcicsi.org.ph/towards-a-gender-responsive-

jail-and-prison- development-a-dialogue-with-the-bjmp-and-

bucor/
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Appendix A

LETTER TO ADVISER
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Appendix B

LETTER FOR THE PARTICIPANTS

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Appendix C

LETTER FOR THE AGENCY

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix D

INTERVIEW GUIDE
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix E

TRANSCRIPTION

1. Part 1:
2. QUESTION: Can you please state your name and age? (optional)
3. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
4. Participant 1 - “ako po ay Tatlompu’t apat na taong gulang.” “(I am
34 years
5. old).”
6. Participant 2 - “I’m 32 years old na po.” (I’m 32 years old already)
7. Participant 3 - “57 years old na ako”. “(I am already 57 years old)”
8. Participant 4 - “Ako ay 37 years old na” “(I am already 37 years
old)”
9. Participant 5 - “36 years old”
10. Participant 6 - “29 years old po”
11. Participant 7 - “"Mas gusto kong hindi sabihin ang pangalan at edad
ko."
12. Participant 8 - “39 years old”
13. Participant 9 - “ahhm… 42”
14. Participant 10 - “45 years old”
15. QUESTION: What is your current marital status?
16. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
17. Participant 1 - “Ako ay single (I am single)”
18. Participant 2 - “Single ako (I’m single)”
19. Participant 3 - “Widow, patay na ang asawa ko (Widow, My husband
has
20. passed away)”
21. Participant 4 - “Single (Single)”
22. Participant 5 - “Married na (Already married)”
23. Participant 6 - “Single ako (I am single)”
24. Participant 7 - “Single (Single)”
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

25. Participant 8 - “Married po ako (I am married)”

26. Participant 9 - “ahm… Single ako (Ahm… I’m single)”
27. Participant 10 - “Married (Married)”
28. QUESTION: Before you enter in this facility, do you have any
biological child?
29. If you have, how many? (Bago ka pumasok sa pasilidad na ito,
mayroon ka
30. bang anak na sarili mong kadugo? Kung mayroon, ilan?)
31. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
32. Participant 1 - “Wala (Nothing)”
33. Participant 2 - “Wala pa po akong anak (I don’t have a child)”
34. Participant 3 - “Ah meron, walo (Ah I have, Eight)”
35. Participant 4 - “Meron po, Isa (I have 1 child)”
36. Participant 5 - “Apat ang anak ko (I have four children)”
37. Participant 6 - “Meron , Isa (I have one child)”
38. Participant 7 - “Meron , dalawa (I have, Two)”
39. Participant 8 - “Meron apat (I have four children)”
40. Participant 9 - “May tatlo akong anak (I have three children)”
41. Participant 10 - “ah yess meron , Isa lang ( Ah yes I have, one
only)”
42. QUESTION: How long have you been incarcerated? (Gaano ka na
katagal
43. nakakulong?)
44. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
45. Participant 1 - “Isang taon at walong buwan na mula nung pumasok
ako dito
46. (I have been incarcerated for 1 year and 8 months)”
47. Participant 2 - “Isang taon na rin ako rito sa loob (I’ve been
incarcerated for
48. 1 year already)”
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49. Participant 3 - “Three months pa lang (It’s only been 3 months)”

50. Participant 4 - “Siguro nasa pitong buwan na rin akong nakakulong
(I think I
51. have been incarcerated for 7 months)”
52. Participant 5 - “Two years and Fifteen days na nung makulong ako
(It’s been
53. 2 years and 15 days since I've been incarcerated)”
54. Participant 6 - “Lagpas tatlong buwan na akong nandto (I’ve been
here for
55. more than 3 months)”
56. Participant 7 - “uhm… 1 year and 3 months (uhm…1 year and 3
months)”
57. Participant 8 - “Nine months na ( 9 months na)”
58. Participant 9 - “3 months (3 months)”
59. Participant 10 - “6 years na (It’s already 6 years)”
60. Part 2:
61. QUESTION: “Puwede mo bang i-describe ang kalagayan ng
reproductive
62. health mo bago ka makulong?” (Can you describe your
reproductive health
63. before incarceration?)
64. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
65. Participant 1 -“Okay naman ang health ko, wala akong major na
concern. (I
66. was in good health with no major concerns.)”
67. Participant 2 -“Healthy naman ako noon at wala akong malaking
issue. (I felt
68. healthy and had no significant issues.)
69. Participant 3 - “Physically okay ako, wala akong sakit. (I was
physically well
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

70. and had no illnesses)

71. Participant 4 - “I was underweight when I first arrived but had no
major
72. health concerns. (Medyo underweight ako nung dumating ako pero
wala
73. namang major health concern.)”
74. Participant 5 - “Wala akong naranasang problema sa reproductive
health ko.”
75. (I did not experience any major reproductive health problems)
76. Participant 6 - “Generally healthy naman ako, pero minsan may
kaunting
77. discomfort lang. (I was generally healthy but sometimes
experienced minor
78. discomfort.)”
79. Participant 7 - “Okay naman ako, wala akong naging problema sa
80. kalusugan.(“I was okay, I didn’t have any health problems.)”
81. Participant 8 – “Maayos ang pakiramdam ko, hindi ako nagka-
health
82. issues.( I felt fine and had no health concerns.)”
83. Participant 9 - “May history ako ng asthma bago ako nakulong. (I
had a
84. history of asthma before incarceration.)”
85. Participant 10 - “Before ako napunta dito, medyo unhealthy ang
habits ko,
86. pero nag-improve na ako ngayon. (Before coming here, I had some
87. unhealthy habits, but I have since improved.)”
88. QUESTION: Ano-ano ang mga reproductive health services sa loob
ng
89. kulungan? (What are the reproductive health services in the jail
facility? )
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90. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)

91. Participant 1 - ““May basic na medical consultations, dental care, at
92. paminsan-minsang hospital visits, pero kailangan talaga ng daily
check-ups.
93. (There are basic medical consultations, dental care, and occasional
hospital
94. visits, though daily check-ups are needed.)”
95. Participant 2 - ““May medical assistance naman, pero madalas may
delay sa
96. pagpunta sa ospital. (Medical assistance is available, but there are
delays in
97. hospital visits.)”
98. Participant 3 - “Nagbibigay sila ng vitamins at mga kailangan na
gamot. (The
99. facility provides vitamins and necessary medications.)”
100. Participant 4 - ““Agad na inaaksyunan ang health concerns
kapag sinabi.
101. (Health concerns are promptly addressed when raised.)”
102. Participant 5 - ““May medical at dental services, pati na rin
TESDA training
103. programs. (Medical and dental services, along with TESDA
training
104. programs, are provided.)”
105. Participant 6 - ““May mga health awareness programs na regular
na
106. ginagawa. (Health awareness programs are conducted
regularly.)”
107. Participant 7 - “May basic health services, pero medyo limitado.
(Basic
108. health services are available, though limited.)”
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109. Participant 8 - “Accommodating ang mga personnel at

tumutulong sila sa
110. medical concerns. (The personnel are accommodating and assist
with
111. medical concerns.)”
112. Participant 9 - “May mental health at dental services para sa
mga
113. karaniwang concerns. (Mental health and dental services are
available to
114. address common concerns.)”
115. Participant 10 - “Yung mga physical activities tulad ng Zumba at
exercise
116. sessions ay nakakatulong sa kabuuang kalusugan. (Physical
activities such
117. as Zumba and exercise sessions contribute to overall well-
being.)”
118. QUESTION: Paano nakakaapekto ang mga programang ito sa
reproductive
119. health? (How does these programs affect the reproductive
health?)
120. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
121. Participant 1 - “Nakakatulong sila para mapanatili ang overall
health at
122. well-being ko, at nakakaiwas sa boredom at stress. (They help
maintain
123. my overall health and well-being, preventing boredom and
stress.)”
124. Participant 2 - “Nakakatulong sila sa emotional at mental
stability dahil sa
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

125. faith-based at counseling programs. (They contribute to

emotional and
126. mental stability through faith-based and counseling programs.)”
127. Participant 3 - “Nagbibigay sila ng support para sa mental at
physical
128. health, kaya nananatili akong positive. (They provide support for
both
129. mental and physical health, helping me stay positive.)”
130. Participant 4 - “Sinisigurado nilang makakatanggap ako ng
tamang care at
131. assistance kapag kailangan. (They ensure I receive proper care
and
132. assistance when needed.)”
133. Participant 5 - “Nagbibigay sila ng mahalagang suporta at
impormasyon
134. kung paano mapanatiling maayos ang kalusugan. (They offer
valuable
135. support and information on maintaining good health.)”
136. Participant 6 - “Hinihikayat nila ang healthy lifestyle at ini-
encourage ang
137. personal well-being. (They encourage a healthy lifestyle and
promote
138. personal well-being.)”
139. Participant 7 - “Nakakatulong silang i-manage ang stress at
nagbibigay ng
140. emotional stability. (They help manage stress and contribute to
emotional
141. stability.)”
142. Participant 8 - “Napapabuti nila ang overall health sa
pamamagitan ng
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

143. mga activities na nakaka-engage sa amin both physically at

mentally.
144. (They improve overall health through activities that keep us
physically and
145. mentally engaged.)”
146. Participant 9 - “Nagbibigay sila ng kaalaman at skills na
nakakatulong sa
147. well-being ko. (They provide knowledge and skills that benefit
my well
148. being.)”
149. Participant 10 - “Nagkakaroon ng supportive environment na
150. nakakatulong sa personal growth at self-improvement. (They
create a
151. supportive environment that helps in personal growth and self
152. improvement.)”
153. QUESTION: “Puwede mo bang i-describe ang reproductive health
services
154. sa loob ng kulungan? (Can you describe the reproductive health
services
155. in the jail facility?)
156. SAGOT: (ANSWER:)
157. Participant 1 - “Pakiramdam ko, yung reproductive health
services dito sa
158. kulungan ay tumutulong sa akin para magampanan ko nang
maayos ang
159. mga responsibilidad ko. Marami silang serbisyong inaalok para
sa
160. kalusugan ko, kasama na rin yung suporta para sa relasyon ko sa
pamilya
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161. at mga anak. Dahil dito, kahit nakakulong ako, nakakaramdam

pa rin ako
162. ng koneksyon at pagiging kasali. (I feel that the reproductive
health
163. services offered in the facility allow me to perform my duties
effectively.
164. They provide a wide range of services to ensure my well-being,
which
165. includes supporting my relationship with my family and children.
Having
166. these services in place helps me stay connected and involved,
even while
167. incarcerated.)”
168. Participant 2 - “Yung reproductive health services dito ay
nakatulong sa
169. akin para matuto sa mga pagkakamali ko dati. May guidance at
support
170. silang binibigay na nagtuturo sa akin kung paano pangalagaan
ang sarili
171. kong kalusugan, at naging valuable experience ito habang
nandito ako.
172. (The reproductive health services in the facility have helped me
learn from
173. my past mistakes. They provide guidance and support,
encouraging me to
174. take responsibility for my health and well-being, which has been
a
175. valuable experience during my time here.)”
176. Participant 3 - “Maraming programs ang facility na sumusuporta
sa overall
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177. well-being tulad ng health awareness sessions, Zumba classes,

at
178. panonood ng movies tuwing umaga. May livelihood programs din
tulad ng
179. pagluluto, paggawa ng handicrafts, pagwe-weave ng bayong, at
pagmi-
180. mix ng dishwashing liquid. Malaking tulong ito para sa physical
at mental
181. health namin. (The facility offers many programs that support
overall well-
182. being, such as health awareness sessions, Zumba classes, and
even
183. watching movies every morning. There are also livelihood
programs
184. available, like cooking, making handy crops, creating bayongs,
and mixing
185. dishwashing liquid. These programs contribute to a well-rounded
186. experience that focuses on both mental and physical health.”
187. Participant 4 - “Yung reproductive health services dito ay mabilis
kumilos
188. kapag may health concern. Agad nagre-respond ang staff at
binibigay ang
189. tamang care, kaya nararamdaman namin na inaalagaan kami.
(The
190. reproductive health services in the facility immediately address
our health
191. issues. Whenever there’s a concern, the staff are quick to
respond and
192. provide the necessary care, which makes a big difference in
ensuring that
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

193. our needs are met.)”

194. Participant 5 - “Pareho lang naman yung reproductive health
services dito.
195. Available naman sila, pero wala masyadong pagbabago o
improvement.
196. Stable naman, pero pwede pa rin siguro dagdagan o pagandahin.
(Things
197. are the same here in terms of the reproductive health services.
While they
198. are available, there hasn't been much change or improvement
lately. The
199. services are stable, but there could always be room for
enhancement.)”
200. Participant 6 - “Okay naman yung reproductive health services
dito. Hindi
201. man bongga, pero consistent at nasasagot naman yung basic
needs
202. namin. (Things are fine when it comes to the reproductive health
services
203. here. While they may not be exceptional, the services are
consistent and
204. meet the basic needs.”
205. Participant 7 - “Ayos lang din ang reproductive health services
dito. Hindi
206. man extraordinary, pero tuloy-tuloy naman at nasasagot yung
207. pangunahing pangangailangan, kaya mahalaga pa rin. (Things
are fine
208. when it comes to the reproductive health services here. While
they may
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

209. not be exceptional, they’re consistent and meet the basic needs
of the
210. facility, which is important.)”
211. Participant 8 - “Isa sa mga meron kami dito ay daily Zumba.
Malaking
212. bagay ito para manatiling active at mapabuti ang physical
health, na
213. bahagi rin ng reproductive health services namin. (One of the
things we
214. have in the facility is Zumba everyday. It's a great way to stay
active and
215. improve our physical health, which is an important part of the
216. reproductive health services we receive.)”
217. Participant 9 - “May mga magandang services dito na pwede
kong ma
218. share. Marami ring positive activities na pwedeng salihan, at
nakakatulong
219. ito para maging healthy ang lifestyle namin. (I would share the
good
220. services available here, as thereare many positive activities that
we can
221. participate in. These activities help us stay engaged and
maintain a
222. healthy lifestyle, contributing to overall well-being.)”
223. Participant 10 - “Isa sa mga challenges ko dito ay ang malayo
ako sa mga
224. mahal ko sa buhay. Kahit may reproductive health services,
mahirap pa
225. rin minsan dalhin yung emotional na bigat ng pagkahiwalay sa
pamilya.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

226. (One of the challenges I face here is being far from my loved
ones. While
227. the reproductive health services are available, the emotional
strain of
228. being separated from family can be difficult to handle at times.)”
229. QUESTION: Ano ang mga positibong karanasan mo habang
sumasailalim
230. sa reproductive health services? (What are the positive
experiences while
231. undergoing the reproductive health services?)
232. ANSWER:
233. Participant 1 - ““Isa sa mga positive experiences ko ay yung na-
highlight
234. ng mga services na ito ang need for personal change and
growth.
235. Nagkakaroon ako ng chance na mag-reflect tungkol sa kalusugan
ko, at
236. nae-encourage akong mag-improve kung saan kailangan.(One
positive
237. experience for me is that these services highlight the need for
personal
238. change and growth. It’s an opportunity to reflect on my health
and well
239. being, and it motivates me to make improvements where
necessary.)”
240. Participant 2 - “Positive experience para sa akin yung feeling of
unity at
241. yung support na natatanggap ko sa pagharap sa personal na
issues. Hindi
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

242. lang reproductive health ang focus, nagbibigay din sila ng

emotional
243. support para mapanatili ko ang kabuuang kalusugan ko. (A
positive
244. experience for me has been the sense of unity and the support I
receive
245. in dealing with my personal issues. The services not only focus
on my
246. reproductive health but also provide emotional support that
helps me
247. maintain my overall well-being.)”
248. Participant 3 - “Ang isa sa mga magaganda ay yung
natutulungan akong
249. mawala ang boredom dito sa kulungan. May mga activities na
nakaka
250. keep active physically at mentally, kaya ang laki ng tulong sa
mood at
251. well-being ko. (One positive aspect is that these programs help
eliminate
252. the boredom that can come with being incarcerated. They offer a
way to
253. stay active and engaged, both physically and mentally, which
has a
254. positive impact on my mood and overall well-being.)”
255. Participant 4 - “Mas gumanda na talaga ang mga bagay over
time. Mas
256. efficient na ngayon ang healthcare services, at mas kampante na
ako sa
257. mga alaga na natatanggap ko kumpara dati. (Things have
definitely
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

258. improved over time. The healthcare services provided have

become more
259. efficient, and I feel more confident in the care I receive now
compared to
260. before.)”
261. Participant 5 - “Nakakilala ako ng mga tao dito, naging close
kami, at
262. natuto ako ng mga livelihood skills. Yung mga interactions at
learnings na
263. yun, naging positive experience sa akin kasi nakatulong sila sa
personal
264. growth ko kahit nakakulong ako. (I’ve met people here, become
close to
265. them, and learned valuable livelihood skills. These interactions
and
266. learning opportunities have been positive experiences for me,
helping me
267. grow and build connections while incarcerated.)”
268. Participant 6 - “Isa sa positive experiences ko ay yung
natutulungan
269. akong magkaroon ng mas positive na pananaw sa buhay. May
support
270. silang binibigay para ma-prioritize ko ang health at well-being ko,
at dahil
271. doon, mas umaasa ako sa magandang kinabukasan. (One
positive
272. experience is that these services help in developing a more
positive
273. outlook on life. They provide support that allows me to focus on
my health
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

274. and well-being, which in turn helps me feel more hopeful about
the
275. future.)”
276. Participant 7 - “Okay naman lahat ng services—walang major na
problema.
277. Healthy ang pagkain, lalo na may gulay, kaya nakakatulong ito
para
278. mapanatili ang good health. (Everything is fine with the services
279. provided—there are no major issues. The food is healthy, and the
280. inclusion of vegetables is a positive aspect, as it contributes to
maintaining
281. good health.)”
282. Participant 8 - ““Marami kaming natutunan sa mga services na
ito, at yung
283. mga learnings ay ina-apply namin sa buhay. Naibabahagi rin
namin sa
284. pamilya, at mas napalapit kami sa Diyos. Yung personal growth
na yun,
285. malaking positive experience talaga. (A lot has been learned
through
286. these services, and what we’ve learned is being applied in our
lives. We've
287. been able to share this knowledge with our families, and it's even
brought
288. us closer to God. This sense of personal growth has been a
positive
289. experience overall.)”
290. Participant 9 - ““Yung mga providers na dumadating dito ay
nagbibigay ng
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

291. magagandang serbisyo, at isa sa mga natutunan namin ay ang

pagbabasa
292. ng Bible. Malaking tulong ito sa personal transformation namin—
spiritually
293. at mentally. (The providers who come here offer great services,
and
294. one thing we've learned is Bible reading. This has been a
powerful tool for
295. personal change, and it has helped us grow spiritually and
mentally.)”
296. Participant 10 - “Isa sa mga positive na bahagi ng pananatili ko
dito ay
297. yung availability ng livelihood programs. Nakapagbigay sila ng
valuable
298. skills at sense of purpose na tumutulong sa akin na mag-focus sa
299. pagpapabuti ng buhay ko. (A positive aspect of my time here has
been
300. the availability of livelihood programs. These programs have
provided
301. valuable skills and a sense of purpose, helping me stay focused
on
302. improving my life.)”
303. QUESTION: What are the negative experiences while undergoing
the
304. reproductive health services?
305. ANSWER:
306. Participant 1 - “Isa sa mga negative experiences ko ay yung
minsan hindi
307. available ang ilang services, siguro dahil sa mga environmental
factors
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

308. tulad ng sobrang init ng panahon. Nakaka-frustrate kapag

naaapektuhan
309. ng ganitong kondisyon ang availability ng care o mga resources
na
310. kailangan ko. (A negative experience I’ve had is that some
services are
311. not always available, possibly due to environmental factors like
the hot
312. weather. It can be frustrating when the conditions affect the
availability of
313. care or other resources that I need.)”
314. Participant 2 - “Wala naman akong major na negative
experience. Sa
315. totoo lang, okay naman yung service at satisfied ako sa care na
316. natatanggap ko. (I don’t have any major negative experiences to
mention.
317. Overall, the service has been good, and I feel satisfied with the
care I’ve
318. received so far.)”
319. Participant 3 - “Negative experience ko ay yung hindi kami
binibigyan ng
320. bagong damit. Nakakainis minsan kasi malaking bagay ito para
sa comfort
321. at dignidad namin. (A negative experience I’ve had is that they
don’t
322. provide new clothes for us. This can be frustrating, as it’s
something many
323. of us would appreciate for both comfort and dignity.)”
324. Participant 4 - “Isa sa mga challenges ay ang pagiging malayo sa
pamilya.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

325. Mabigat ito emotionally, lalo na kapag may health concerns, pero
sinisikap
326. pa rin naming i-handle ng maayos. (One of the challenges I’ve
327. experienced is being far from family. This emotional distance can
be hard,
328. especially when dealing with health concerns, but it’s something
we try to
329. manage as best as we can.)”
330. Participant 5 - “Negative experience ko ay yung ilang jail officers
na hindi
331. kami tinatrato nang maayos. Parang minamaliit nila kami na
parang hindi
332. kami tao. Nakaka-toxic ito at mahirap maging positive kapag lagi
kang
333. dinidisrespect. Dapat fair ang mga officers at huwag nila dalhin
ang
334. personal nilang problema sa trabaho. Deserve naming
respetuhin tulad ng
335. pagrespeto namin sa kanila kasi pare-pareho lang naman tayong
tao, at
336. importante rin ang mental health namin. (A negative experience
I’ve had
337. involves some jail officers who don’t treat us well. They often
look down
338. on us, as if we are less than human. This creates a toxic
environment, and
339. it can be difficult to maintain a positive outlook when we’re
disrespected.
340. I believe the officers should be fair and not let their personal
problems
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

341. interfere with their work. They should respect us just as we

respect them
342. because, at the end of the day, we are all human beings, and our
mental
343. health is just as important as theirs.)”
344. Participant 6 - “Isa sa mga negative experience ko ay ang
pagharap sa
345. anxiety at depression. Oo, nakakatulong ang reproductive health
services
346. sa physical care, pero may mga emotional challenges na hindi
gaanong
347. natutugunan, kaya minsan mahirap i-maintain ang mental
health. (A
348. negative experience I've dealt with is anxiety and depression.
While there
349. productive health services do help with physical care, there are
still
350. emotional challenges that aren't always addressed fully, which
can make it
351. harder to maintain overall mental health.)”
352. Participant 7 - “Malaking tulong talaga kapag may available na
provider.
353. Nababawasan yung stress at kahit papaano nakakalimutan ang
mga
354. problema. Importante talaga yung may taong pwedeng lapitan,
lalo na
355. para sa mental health. (Having a provider available is really
helpful. It
356. helps relieve stress and allows me to forget my worries for a
while. The
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

357. availability of support is crucial for maintaining mental health,

and it feels
358. good to have someone to turn to when needed.)”
359. Participant 8 - “Wala pa naman akong negative experience so
far. Actually,
360. may plano pa nga na i-expand yung livelihood activities, kaya
mas
361. madami pa kaming opportunity para umunlad.”So far, I haven’t
had any
362. negative experiences. In fact, there are plans to expand the
livelihood
363. activities in the future, which I believe will provide even more
364. opportunities for us to grow and improve.”
365. Participant 9 - “Kahit marami kang pagkakamaling nagawa, dito
natututo
366. kang magbago. May support at guidance na ibinibigay ang
facility para
367. matulungan kaming bumangon at mag-move forward, kaya
malaking
368. tulong din talaga. (While you may have fallen down in many
ways, here
369. we learn how to change. The facility offers support and guidance
to help
370. us rise again and move forward, which has been a helpful
experience.)
371. Participant 10 - “Mahirap yung homesickness at yung pag-miss
sa buhay
372. sa labas. Kahit helpful ang mga services dito, nakakaapekto pa
rin sa well-
373. being ko yung emotional na hirap ng malayo sa pamilya. (Feeling
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

374. homesick and missing life outside can be hard. While the
services offered
375. here are beneficial, the emotional toll of being away from home
can affect
376. myoverall well-being.”
377. QUESTION: Ano ang mga rekomendasyon mo para mapabuti pa
ang
378. health services sa pasilidad? (What are your recommendations to
improve
379. the health services in the facility?)
380. ANSWER: (SAGOT:)
381. Participant 1 - ““Ire-recommend ko sana na dagdagan pa ang
suporta sa
382. mga livelihood opportunities para mas matulungan naming
matustusan
383. ang pangangailangan ng pamilya namin. Halimbawa, kung may
support
384. para sa pagbisita sa mga kamag-anak, makakatulong iyon para
mapanatili
385. ang koneksyon namin sa kanila at mabawasan ang bigat ng
386. pagkakahiwalay. (I would recommend providing more support for
387. livelihood opportunities so that we can better meet our family’s
needs. For
388. example, having support for visits to relatives could help
maintain those
389. important connections, as it would ease the burden on families
who are
390. separated.)”
391. Participant 2 - “Maliit na bagay lang pero sana madagdagan ang
dalas ng
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

392. family visits. Mas maganda sana kung pwede kaming mabisita
nang higit
393. sa isang beses kada buwan, kasi mahalaga talaga yun para sa
relasyon
394. namin sa pamilya. (A minor issue I would recommend addressing
is the
395. frequency of visits. It would be great if we could have the option
to visit
396. family members more than once a month, as those visits are
important for
397. maintaining family bonds.)”
398. Participant 3 - “Okay naman yung pagkain dito, masustansya, at
maganda
399. rin ang kalagayan sa pasilidad. Pero sana mas bigyang pansin pa
ang
400. pagbibigay ng bagong damit, kasi makakatulong ito sa comfort
at morale
401. namin. (The food provided in the facility is nutritious, and the
402. overall conditions here are good. However, it would be helpful to
see
403. more attention given to providing new clothes, as this would
enhance the
404. comfort and morale of the people in the facility.)”
405. Participant 4 - “Sa ngayon, okay naman ang mga serbisyo. Pero
kung
406. ipagpapatuloy pa at i-improve ang quality ng care, mas
makakabuti pa ito
407. para sa lahat. (Overall, everything is okay with the current
services.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

408. However, continuing to focus on maintaining and improving the

quality of
409. care would make a positive impact.)”
410. Participant 5 - “Malaking tulong kung mas igagalang at itatrato
kami ng
411. mga officers nang mas maayos. Sa tingin ko, dapat din
pagtuunan ng
412. pansin ang mental health support para sa mga inmates at staff.
Mahalaga
413. na lahat ay makaramdam ng respeto at halaga para maging
positibo ang
414. paligid. (Improving the respect and treatment we receive from
officers
415. would make a significant difference. In addition, I believe
focusing on
416. mental health support for both inmates and staff would be
beneficial.
417. Ensuring that everyone feels valued and respected is essential
for creating
418. a positive environment for all.)”
419. Participant 6 - “Okay naman ang mga serbisyo ngayon, pero
sana mas
420. pagtuunan pa ng pansin ang mental health support. Yung mga
issues
421. gaya ng anxiety at depression, dapat din bigyang pansin para sa
422. kabuuang well-being namin. (Overall, everything is okay with the
current
423. services, but I believe there could be more attention given to
mental
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

424. health support. Addressing issues like anxiety and depression

would help
425. improve the overall well-being of those in the facility.)”
426. Participant 7 - “Para sa akin, sana madagdagan pa yung mga
providers
427. dito. Kapag mas maraming staff, mas maraming tao ang
matutulungan
428. agad, at mas maayos ang care na matatanggap ng lahat. (For
me, I
429. would hope that there would be more providers available. Having
430. additional staff would ensure that more people can get the
support they
431. need in a timely manner, improving the overall care in the
facility.)”
432. Participant 8 - “Sa ngayon, maayos naman ang lahat. Suportado
kami ng
433. services at may posibilidad pa ng mas maraming positibong
pagbabago,
434. lalo na sa mga upcoming na livelihood activities. (As of now,
everything is
435. going well. The services are supportive, and there’s potential for
more
436. positive changes, especially with the upcoming livelihood
activities.)”
437. Participant 9 - “Ang rekomendasyon ko ay ipagpatuloy lang ang
438. pagbibigay ng magandang serbisyo sa lahat at siguraduhing
inaalagaan
439. naming mabuti ang sarili namin. Lahat tayo ay makikinabang
kung mas
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

440. suportado tayo para gumanda ang kalusugan natin—physically

at mentally.
441. (My recommendation would be to continue providing great
services for
442. everyone and to ensure that we are taking better care of
ourselves. We
443. can all benefit from more support to improve our overall health,
both
444. physically and mentally.)”
445. Participant 10 - “Okay naman ang mga health services na
natanggap ko at
446. maayos din ang pagtrato sa akin, kaya thankful ako. Sana
magpatuloy pa
447. ang focus sa comprehensive care at mapanatili ang magandang
448. environment para matugunan ang physical at emotional needs
naming
449. lahat. (I’ve been provided with good health services and treated
well,
450. which I appreciate. Continuing to focus on offering
comprehensive
451. care and maintaining a positive environment will ensure that
everyone’s
452. physical and emotional needs are met.)”
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix F

RESEARCH MATRIX
Research Question Participants Responses Themes Codes Quotes

Part 1 Participant # 1 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

1. Can you “I am 34 years old”

please state

your name Participant # 2

and age? “I’m 32 years old already”

(optional)

Participant # 3

“I am already 57 years old”

Participant # 4

“I am already 37 years old”

Participant # 5

“36 years old”

Participant # 6

“29 years old”

Participant # 7

“I prefer not to disclose my

name and age”

Participant # 8

“I am 39 years old”

Participant # 9

“42”

Participant # 10

“I am 45 years old”

2. What is your Participant # 1

current “I am single”

marital

status? Participant # 2

“I’m single”
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix G

DOCUMENTARY
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix H

GRAMMARLY CHECKING/PLAGIARISM CHECKING

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Appendix I

CERTIFICATION FROM CRITIC READER

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Reina Mae U. Orenza

Age : 23

Date of Birth: December 27, 2001

Place of Birth: Maambal, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan

Address: 153 Zone 5, Caranglaan, Alcala,

Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09104736461

E-mail Address: orenzamareinameau@gmail.com

Name of Father: Oliver U. Orenza

Name of Mother: Evelyn U. Orenza

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Atainan Elementary School, Pangasinan

(2009-2014)

High School: Bayambang National High School

MH Del Pilar, Bayambang, Pangasinan

(2018-2020)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “If you do believe, anything is possible.”

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Joe Albert L. Tero

Age : 22

Date of Birth: February 19, 2002

Place of Birth: Baritao, Manaoag, Pangasinan

Address: 117 Borac, Nalsian, Manaoag,

Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09478084725

E-mail Address: alberttero100@gmail.com

Name of Father: Artimio V. Paluyo

Name of Mother: Rowena L. Tero

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Nalsian Elementary School

Nalsian, Manaoag, Pangasinan

(2009-2014)

High School: St. Clare College of Caloocan,

Metro Manila

(2014-2020)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Motto: “Done is better than Perfect.”

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Daisy Marie G. Barroga

Age : 21

Date of Birth: July 1, 2003

Place of Birth: Maluso, Balisan, Pangasinan

Address: Ungab, Cuyapo, Neuva Ecija, Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09672589919

E-mail Address: daisymariebarroga012003@gmail.com

Name of Father: Marlon J. Barroga

Name of Mother: Ritchel G. Barroga

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Dr. A Ongsiako Elementary School

Cuyapo, Neuva Ecija, Pangasinan

(2010-2015)

High School: Olra College Foundation High School

San Manuel, Tarlac

(2015-2029)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Motto: “Time is Gold

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Dan B. Morena

Age : 21

Date of Birth: July 27, 2002

Place of Birth: Zone 4, Tombod, Villasis,

Pangasinan

Address: Centro 2, Lobong San Jacinto Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09510597880

E-mail Address: morena,dan,2002@gmail.com

Name of Father: Dominador F. Morena

Name of Mother: Noemi S. Bascos

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Tombod Integrated School

Villasis, Pangasinan

(2010-2015)

High School: Don Ramon E. Costales National High

School

Poblacion, Villasis, Pangasinan

(2015-2019)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

(2021-2025)

Motto: “You didn’t come this far to only come

this far’’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Johanna Lyne B. Dulay

Age : 21

Date of Birth: June 5, 2003

Place of Birth: San Aurelio, Balungao, Pangasinan

Address: San Aurelio 1st, Balungao Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09065706771

E-mail Address: johannalynedulay@gmail.com

Name of Father: Alfredo C. Dulay Jr.

Name of Mother: Ederlina B. Dulay

B. Educational Background

Elementary: San Aurelio Elementary School

Balungao, Pangasinan

(2009-2015)

High School: San Aurelio National High School

Balungao, Pangasinan

(2015-2018)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “Never stop dreaming, never stop

believing, never give up, never stop
trying and never stop learning’’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Jr A. Prieto

Age : 22

Date of Birth: June 12, 2002

Place of Birth: East Avenue Medical Center,

Quezon City

Address: Zone 3 Baro, Asingan, Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09274957302

E-mail Address: jhaypreito@gmail.com

Name of Father: Ronaldo P. Prieto

Name of Mother: Arlyn A. Prieto

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Teofilo Gante Elementary School

Asingan, Pangasinan

(2009-2014)

High School: Luciano Millan National High School

Poblacion West, Asingan, Pangasinan

(2014-2018)
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “If you want to change your life, you

have to change your mind’’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Kristine Hannah S. Visitacion

Age : 21

Date of Birth: March 23, 2003

Place of Birth: San Aurelio 2nd Balungao,

Pangasinan

Address: San Aureilio 2nd Balugao, Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09859099446

E-mail Address: hannahvisitacion@gmail.com

Name of Father: Raul P. Visitacion

Name of Mother: Meriam S. Visitacion

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Rosales South Central School

Rosales, Pangasinan

(2019-2015)

High School: San Aurelio, National High School

Balungao, Pangasinan
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 64

(2015-2018)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “Trust the timing of your life’’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Romel Jay O. Madriaga

Age : 21

Date of Birth: June 4, 2003

Place of Birth: Balungao, Pangasinan

Address: San Andres, Balungao, Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09772018343

E-mail Address: Rjmadriaga@gmail.com

Name of Father: Philip P. Mdriaga

Name of Mother: Sally O. Madriaga

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Divine Grace Montessori School of

Rosales

Rosales, Pangasinan

(2009-2015)

High School: Rosales National High School

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Lobong, San Jacinto, Pangasinan

(2015-2018)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “Failure is the key to success’’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Demie Hanna L. Liwanag

Age : 22

Date of Birth: December 8, 2001

Place of Birth: Urdaneta Sacred Heart, Pangasinan

Address: 680 Zone VI Amamperez, Villasis,

Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09488890207

E-mail Address: demieliwanag@gmail.com

Name of Father: Eduardo S. Liwanag

Name of Mother: Florida L. Liwanag

B. Educational Background

Elementary: Amamperez Elementary School

Villasis, Pangasinan

(2009-2014)
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High School: Amamperez Agro Industrial High School

Zone 4 Amamperez, Villasis, Pangasinan

(2014-2018)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “For I know the plans I have for you,

declares the lord give plans to prosper
you and not to harm you, plans to you a
hope and future’

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. Personal Date

Name: Michael T. Negrillo

Age : 22

Date of Birth: October 15, 2002

Place of Birth: San Manuel, Pangasinan

Address: San Juan, San Manuel, Pangasinan

Contact No.: 09635699664

E-mail Address: michaelnegrillo2002@gmail.com

Name of Father: Virgillo R. Negrillo

Name of Mother: Elsie T. Negrello

B. Educational Background

Elementary: San Juan, Elementary School

San Manuel, Pangasinan

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(2009-2015)

High School: San Jua National High School

San Mauel, Pangasinan

(2015-2018)

Tertiary: Urdaneta City University

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan

(2021-2025)

Motto: “God is good all the time’’