(No Model.

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W. HOCHHAUSEN.
COMMUTATOR FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.
No. 261,712, Patented July 25, 1882,
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 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM HOCHE AUSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
COMMUTATOR FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINEs.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 261,712, dated July 25, 1882.
Application filed March 2, 1882. (No mode.)

To all chon it may concern: culiar devices for connecting the wires leading
Be it known that I, WM. Hoc HHAUSEN, a from the armature to the separate plates.
citizen of the United States, residing at New The nature of my invention will be readily
York, in the county of New York and State of understood from the accompanying drawings
New York, have invented certain new and use. and description, and the features constituting 55
ful Improvements in Commutators for Dy the invention will be specified in the claims.
namo-Electric Machines and Electric Motors, Figure 1 is an end view of the commutator.
of which the following is a specification. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section of the
In commutators as ordinarily constructed it same on the line of the armature-shaft.
O frequently happens that a cross-connection is A represents the armature-shaft, and B one
formed between adjoining plates thereof, eitber of the spider frames or arms to which the ar
from the presence of minute particles of con nature is secured. The arm B-four of which
ducting material in the non-conducting sub are here supposed to be employed-is shown
Stance used for separating the plates or from as provided with a rectangular projection suit
IS the formation upon the surface of the non-con ably recessed, into which projection passes a
ductor of a metallic film caused by wear of the screw by which the disk C is held in place.
commutator brushes, or from the lodgment of The points at which the holding-screws pass
particles of conducting material in the angles through the disk C are indicated at g, Fig. 1.
of the commutator. It also sometimes hap The disk is of stone. I have found slate-stone
pens in those constructions of commutator in to answer exceedingly well, but other kinds
which the commutator-plates are held between may be employed, and directly to its face are
tWO disks of hard rubber backed by disks of secured the separate commutator-plates D.
metal that a cross-connection is formed in the Each plate D is separated entirely from its
metallic disk at the points where the wires neighbors and from the shaft of the machine,
25 from the armature pass through it, so that no opportunity is given for the lodg 75
The object of my invention is to make a com ment of material that would tend to form a
mutator that shall be free from the above dif cross-connection. The plates D are here shown
ficulties, readily kept clean, and of simple, as angle-pieces, preferably castin a single piece,
Strong, and durable construction. and consisting of a longitudinal portion, D,
The object of my invention is also to do away curved upon the arc of the circle which is the
With the backing of metal heretofore employed outline of the commutator-cylinder, so as to
With those commutators in which disks of hard form an even bearing-surface for the commu
rubber or equivalent materials are used for tator-brushes, and of a rectangular portion, d,
holding the commutator-plates, which disk has which is seated against the face of the disk C
35 heretofore been found necessary by reason of and forms a good bearing, and whose outer end
the tendency of the rubber to soften and warp constitutes a clamping-seat for the conductors
or become displaced under the effects of heat. from the armature. One of the armature-con
To these ends I construct the commutator of ductors is represented at 5, while f is a plate
a series of plates so constructed that their between which and the end of the portion d the
AO outer surface forms a cylindrical surface for the wires are clamped by means of screws, as shown.
brushes, separated from one another and from The inner ends of the angular portions d to the
the shaft of the machine by free air-spaces, and point h. are somewhat narrower than the lon.
separately and directly attached to a disk of gitudinal portion D, as indicated. This facili
stone suitably connected to the shaft of the mal tates brushing away any dirt that may have
45 cbine. I prefer in so constructing the commu lodged on the disk C between the plates.
tator to attach the commutator-plates at One The operation of brushing or cleaning the com.
end only, leaving the other end free to facili mutator is also facilitated by reason of the fact
tate cleaning and the brushing of dirt from the that the plates are free at the outer end of the
spaces between the plates. I also make use of commutator. The separate plates are prefer
So a novel form of commutator-plate and of pe. ably secured to the face of the disk by screws Oe
 26, 12
passing from the rear through holes drilled in chine or electric motor, constructed of a sup
the body of said disk. Holes are drilled at a porting plate or disk of stone, to the face of
which are directly secured the commutator 45
a, &c., for the passage of the conductors lead plates
ing from the armature. or segments.
My invention admits of many modifications 2. As a new article of manufacture, a com
in the devices employed for securing the com mutator for a dynamo-electric machine or elec
mutator-plates to the stone disk, and many tric motor, constructed substantially in the
will readily occur to those skilled in the art. manner described, of a disk of stone, E, and so
As the method of so attaching the plates may commutator-plates D d, the angular portions.
O be varied in many ways without departing from d of which rest against the face of the disk
the spirit of the invention, I do not deem it with an extended bearing-surface and are se
necessary to describe any others. The stone cured directly thereto.
disk C may also be connected to the armature. 3. The combination of the spider-arms, the 55
frame or to the revolving armature-shaft in insulating-disk of stone secured directly to said
other ways. As the disk C is of stone, it can spider-arms, and the commutator-plates at
be attached directly to the metallic frame to tached directly to the face of the disk.
which the armature is bolted or to any other 4. The combination, substantially as shown
metallic portion of the machine. and described, of the commutator angle-plates 6o
It is obvious that the plates may be attached D d, the clanping-seats formed upon the up.
to the disk from the front in such a way that per end of the portions d, clamping-plates fa.
either plate can be removed without disturb. disk of stone supporting the commutator
ing the others or removing the plate C. plates, and conductors from the armature pass
Although the plates D are supported at one ing through perforations in the disk C. 65
end only, so that the plate C is subjected to 5. The combination, substantially as de
25 considerable strain, they are nevertheless held scribed, of a supporting-disk of stone, the an
immovably and permanently in place, owing gle-plate D. d, cast in one piece, the conductor
to the rigid nature of the material and its in wire from the armature resting upon the end O
sensibility to effects of heat communicated to of said plate, and clamping-plate f.
it from any heated portion of the machine. 6. The combination, substantially as de- 7
This would not be the case if hard rubber or scribed, with a supporting-disk of stone, of com
such like material ordinarily employed were mutator-plates, each consisting of a longitudi
used, as I have found by actual experiment that nal portion forming a bearing for the commu
the heat of the machine and the strain of the tator-brush, and a portion extending at right 75
commutator-plates are sufficient to cause the angles from the first-named portion, with an ex
35 center of a disk of this material to bulge and tended flattened bearing-surface, as shown, and
cause the plates to be displaced. It would of seated against the supporting-disk, and means,
course be possible to support the plates D at as described, for holding the latter portion
both ends; but for the sake of simplicity, against the disk. .
cheapness, and facility of cleaning I prefer to WILLIAM EIOCEEAUSEN,
4o attach them at one end only. Witnesses:
What I claim as my invention is H. C. TowNSEND,
1. A commutator for a dynamo-electric ma- i. THOS. TOOMEY.