1.
Which of the following is a characteristic
of prokaryotic cells?
A) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
B) Presence of a well-defined nucleus
C) Presence of a nucleoid region ✅
D) Presence of mitochondria
2. What is the main function of the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Lipid synthesis ✅
C) Ribosome production
D) Cellular respiration
3. Which of the following organisms is
classified as a prokaryote?
A) Fungi
B) Bacteria ✅
C) Algae
D) Plants
4. What is the basic structural unit of living
organisms?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell ✅
D) Organism
5. Which of the following processes occurs in
the mitochondria?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Glycolysis
C) Cellular respiration ✅
D) Protein synthesis
6. Which of the following statements about
enzymes is true?
A) Enzymes are consumed during reactions.
B) Enzymes work best at low temperatures.
C) Enzymes increase the activation energy
of a reaction.
D) Enzymes are biological catalysts. ✅
7. Which of the following is a type of passive
transport?
A) Endocytosis
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis ✅
D) Phagocytosis
8. What is the primary function of
chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A) To absorb carbon dioxide
B) To absorb sunlight ✅
C) To produce oxygen
D) To release energy
9. Which of the following organelles is
responsible for protein synthesis?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Ribosomes ✅
C) Lysosomes
D) Mitochondria
10. Which of the following is true about
meiosis?
A) It produces two genetically identical
daughter cells.
B) It occurs in somatic cells.
C) It results in the formation of gametes. ✅
D) It occurs only in plant cells.
11. What is the role of the enzyme amylase in
digestion?
A) It breaks down proteins.
B) It breaks down fats.
C) It breaks down starches. ✅
D) It breaks down cellulose.
12. In which part of the human digestive
system does the majority of nutrient
absorption occur?
A) Stomach
B) Small intestine ✅
C) Large intestine
D) Mouth
13. Which of the following is a nitrogenous
base found in RNA but not in DNA?
A) Thymine
B) Guanine
C) Uracil ✅
D) Adenine
14. Which part of the human circulatory
system transports oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart?
A) Pulmonary vein ✅
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Aorta
D) Vena cava
15. What type of bond holds the two strands
of a DNA molecule together?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond ✅
D) Metallic bond
16. Which of the following is an example of a
biome?
A) Organism
B) Ecosystem
C) Habitat
D) Tropical rainforest ✅
17. What is the main purpose of the immune
system?
A) To transport nutrients
B) To regulate body temperature
C) To defend the body against pathogens ✅
D) To produce energy
18. Which of the following types of cells is
involved in the process of photosynthesis?
A) Animal cells
B) Plant cells ✅
C) Fungal cells
D) Bacterial cells
19. The process by which green plants make
their own food is called:
A) Respiration
B) Photosynthesis ✅
C) Digestion
D) Fermentation
20. Which of the following is the correct
sequence of events in the cell cycle?
A) Interphase, M phase, Cytokinesis
B) G1, S, G2, M phase ✅
C) M phase, G1, S, G2
D) Cytokinesis, G1, S, M phase
21. The term “homeostasis” refers to:
A) The ability of organisms to grow and
develop
B) The process of adapting to environmental
changes
C) The regulation of internal conditions to
maintain stability ✅
D) The breakdown of molecules for energy
production
22. Which of the following processes occurs
during interphase?
A) DNA replication ✅
B) Chromosome alignment
C) Chromosome separation
D) Cytokinesis
23. Which of the following is a function of the
lymphatic system?
A) Pumping blood
B) Transporting oxygen
C) Maintaining fluid balance and immune
defense ✅
D) Absorbing nutrients
24. Which organ in the human body is
primarily responsible for regulating blood
sugar levels?
A) Liver
B) Pancreas ✅
C) Kidney
D) Heart
25. Which of the following is a major
component of cell membranes?
A) Nucleotides
B) Phospholipids ✅
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
26. Which of the following is an example of
asexual reproduction?
A) Binary fission in bacteria ✅
B) Fertilization in animals
C) Pollination in plants
D) Cross-fertilization in hermaphroditic
organisms
27. What is the role of the xylem in plants?
A) Transport of water and minerals ✅
B) Transport of sugars
C) Transport of hormones
D) Transport of oxygen
28. Which of the following is a characteristic
of aerobic respiration?
A) It occurs in the cytoplasm
B) It requires oxygen ✅
C) It produces ethanol
D) It produces lactic acid
29. Which of the following is the primary
function of red blood cells?
A) Immune defense
B) Oxygen transport ✅
C) Blood clotting
D) Nutrient transport
30. Which of the following best describes a
food chain?
A) A linear sequence of organisms through
which energy is transferred by eating and
being eaten ✅
B) A system of decomposers breaking down
organic matter
C) A complex network of feeding
relationships in an ecosystem
D) The storage of energy in an organism
31. Which of the following is NOT a function
of the human skeletal system?
A) Support
B) Movement
C) Production of hormones ✅
D) Protection
32. Which of the following processes is
responsible for the exchange of gases between
the lungs and the blood?
A) Active transport
B) Diffusion ✅
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis
33. What is the main function of the large
intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Absorption of water and formation of
feces ✅
C) Secretion of digestive enzymes
D) Absorption of fats
34. Which of the following processes is
involved in the production of ATP in cells?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Glycolysis and cellular respiration ✅
C) Fermentation
D) Protein synthesis
35. Which of the following enzymes is
responsible for breaking down proteins in the
stomach?
A) Amylase
B) Pepsin ✅
C) Lipase
D) Lactase
36. What is the role of the nephron in the
kidneys?
A) Production of red blood cells
B) Filtration of blood to form urine ✅
C) Regulation of blood sugar levels
D) Reabsorption of oxygen
37. Which of the following is an example of a
biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A) Temperature
B) Soil pH
C) Sunlight
D) Presence of predators ✅
38. What is the primary purpose of cellular
respiration?
A) To produce oxygen
B) To produce ATP (energy) ✅
C) To consume glucose
D) To release carbon dioxide
39. The human heart pumps blood into the
body through which artery?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta ✅
C) Carotid artery
D) Jugular vein
40. Which of the following is a result of
photosynthesis?
A) Production of glucose and oxygen ✅
B) Production of carbon dioxide and water
C) Breakdown of glucose into energy
D) Conversion of light into heat energy
41. The human body consists of how many
chromosomes in total?
A) 46 ✅
B) 44
C) 23
D) 48
42. What is the function of the mitochondria
in a cell?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy production (ATP) ✅
C) DNA replication
D) Storage of genetic material
43. The process by which water moves
through a plant is known as:
A) Translocation
B) Osmosis
C) Transpiration ✅
D) Germination
44. Which of the following processes results
in genetic variation in offspring?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis ✅
C) Binary fission
D) Cloning
45. Which of the following is NOT part of the
circulatory system?
A) Heart
B) Blood vessels
C) Lungs ✅
D) Blood
46. What is the purpose of the stomata in
plant leaves?
A) To produce food
B) To regulate gas exchange ✅
C) To absorb sunlight
D) To absorb water
47. Which of the following is an adaptation of
desert plants?
A) Large leaves to absorb sunlight
B) Thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
✅
C) Presence of stomata on all surfaces
D) Shallow roots to absorb water
48. The circulatory system in humans is an
example of which type of circulatory system?
A) Open circulatory system
B) Closed circulatory system ✅
C) Double circulatory system
D) Single circulatory system
49. Which of the following is the major
component of plant cell walls?
A) Cellulose ✅
B) Chitin
C) Protein
D) Lignin
50. Which of the following is true about the
human nervous system?
A) It is composed of only the brain and
spinal cord.
B) It transmits electrical signals for
communication. ✅
C) It is not responsible for coordinating
body functions.
D) It does not involve sensory organs.
