Unit IG2: Risk assessment

Declaration: By submitting this assessment (Parts 1 – 4) for marking I declare that it is entirely my own work. I understand that falsely claiming that
the work is my own is malpractice and can lead to NEBOSH imposing severe penalties (see the NEBOSH Malpractice Policy for further information).

Important note: You must refer to the document ‘Unit IG2: risk assessment – Guidance and information for learners and Learning Partners’ while
completing all parts of this assessment. Your Learning Partner should provide you with a copy, but it can also be downloaded from the relevant
resources section for this qualification on the NEBOSH website.

Part 1: Background

You should aim to complete this section in 150 - 200 words.

Topic Comments
Name of organisation* eastern internaltional llc
Site location* city walk dubai
Number of workers 375
General description of the organisation Eastern internaltional llc has is the famous construction company in dubai
having projects all around the Asian countries .The company mainly doing the
construction of roads construction of Commercial Building and Residential Building

I selected a construction of city walk plot 5.10 . In addition to this there is a

construction of office area and Parking area. The activities consider for this
risk assessment are grading work using grader, compaction work using compactors and
rollers, asphalt work and concrete work for construction of culvert, drainage work,
Plastering work, Manual handling work, Movement of heavy vehicles for material
transportation, demolition work etc. Major equipment are roller, grader, generator, power
tools, mobile crane cutting machine etc.

The company follow only one work shift. The work timing is from 07:00am to
05:00pm including one hour lunch break and two tea breaks workers needs to work 8
hours in day and 6 days in a week. Sunday will be holiday for all employees. Some
works are also conducted in night 8 pm to 11 pm .

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 1 of 25

 Description of the area to be included in the Risk Assessment covers whole area of construction of city walk plot 5.10 ,Parking
risk assessment area and Office area.
Construction Manager, who reports directly to Managing Director is responsible for Health
Any other relevant information
and Safety.
* If you’re worried about confidentiality, you can invent a false name and location for your organisation but, all other information provided must be
factual.

You should aim to complete this section in 100 - 200 words.

Note: this section can be completed after you have competed your risk assessment.
Outline how the risk I referred to many codes and guidelines relating to the work that I would assess before visiting the job site.
assessment was carried out I was also influenced by different websites (e.g. www.ilo.org, www.iso.og, and many other websites) to
this should include: learn about the ILO, ISO, BOCW standards and guidelines and other codes relating to health and safety.
• sources of information A few of the guideline’s codes and conventions I referred to are given here.
consulted;
• who you spoke to; and 1.C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988
• how you identified:
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312312
- the hazards;
- what is already being
done; and 2.The Building and Other Construction Workers’ (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service)
- any additional Central Rules,
controls/actions that https://clc.gov.in/clc/acts-rules/building-and-other-construction-workers
may be required.
By looking into these sources of information, I knew several control measures that I have made during the
risk assessment. I started the site visit for find out the issues myself and group discussion with supervisors,
Foreman and workers Through this technique I try to identify the hazards that were presently have control
measures in place. I also discussed with Project Manager and Site Engineer for getting more information
about the Project. And I got so many vital information from the workers that they were suffering on the job
execution time. And I also know that some of the control measures are there already during my visual
examination but workers are un aware about the measures.

I have reviewed records such as HSE Plan, HSE Policy, and Audit report, Incident Log Book, Near Miss
Reports, First Aid Reports, etc. and found that there is no loss time injury happened since last one year.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 2 of 25

 Based on the information from ILO C 167 and ILO R 175 helped me to decide additional control
measures.

Part 2: Risk Assessment

Organisation name: Eastern internaltional llc
Date of assessment: 08/ 12/ 2024
Scope of risk assessment: Risk Assessment covers whole area of construction of G+4 of Hotel ,Parking area and Office area.

Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
1.Manual Material handling
handling labours. • Sufficient workforces were • Arrange mechanical aids like 2 weeks Construction
deployed for shifting wheel loader or boom loader to lift Manager
Continuous Back pain, shoulder materials. the heavy materials
shifting (more injuries such as rotator
than 8 hour) of cuff tears, shoulder • Implemented nobody carry • Provide trollies for the easiness of 2 weeks Construction
construction impingement syndrome, more than 25Kg of weight. manual handling work Manager
materials like or shoulder dislocation,
cement bag hand and wrist injuries • Provided training regard
almost 50 kg at such as carpal tunnel safe manual handling • Ensure pathways for shifting
site by syndrome, tendonitis, materials are free from any 1 Week Site supervisor
manually. muscular skeletal • Proper PPEs provided like obstructions. If there is any
disorder due to handling safety helmet, safety shoe materials remove all materials
excess weight almost 50 and hand gloves and arrange it properly
kg ( handling more than 8
hours ) and improper • Provide sufficient rest time and 2 Week Site Engineer
handling methods. implement job rotation for manual
handling workers.
The continuous heavy
lifting of construction • Provide warning signage regards 1 week Site Supervisor
materials like cement bag safe lifting procedure
increases the abdomen

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 3 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
pressure and leads to of • Conduct health surveillance 2 Month HR Manager
herniation of abdominal
contents through muscle
defects.

2. Slips and All workers( civil • Provided designated

trips. workers, masonry places for stacking the • Purchase cordless power tools to 3 weeks Construction
workers, erection materials. reduce cables Manager
Scattered workers, plastering
materials like workers, helps) and • Sufficient number of dust • Give contract to waste disposal
woods, visitors at site. bins provided at site. team to take waste in weekly 2 weeks Construction
cement bags basis Manager
etc at site, Scattered materials like
poor wood, cement bags, and • PPE like cover all, safety • Arrange temporary electric cables 1 Week Site Supervisor
housekeeping, other debris from poor shoe is provided to the properly at site. Bury or hang the
and poor cable housekeeping can workers cables where possible.
management. significantly increase trip
and fall hazards on a • Remove all materials from
construction site. walkways and ensure walkways 1 Week Site Supervisor
Workers moving around are free from any obstructions.
such obstacles face a
high risk of injuries like • Implement to do proper
sprains, fractures, and housekeeping after and during 1 Week Site Supervisor
cuts if they stumble or the work.
fall. Additionally,

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 4 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
unsecured materials may • Provide warning signage to warn
shift unexpectedly, the workers regards slip and trip 1 week Site Supervisor
potentially causing hazard
impact injuries or
trapping limbs.

Workers might be
entangling the trailing
cables leads to severe
cut injury, back injury,
fracture.

3.Mental ill Night shift workers • Adequate lighting provided • Hire more workers and avoid over 3 weeks HR Manager
health for night shift workers time working situation

Stress due to Continuous night work • Adequate rest breaks • Implement job rotation to avoid 1 week Project manager
provided continuous work
continuous causes irregular sleeps
night shift and for workers also working • Continuous supervision • Provide hot drinks like tea coffee
over time for for long hours in a carried out for the night shift workers 2 weeks Project manager
construction fatigue time causes
workers. more stress to the • High noise activity and high • Provide Rest area/sleeping area 1 month Project
workers. Stress could risk activities are avoided for workers to relax during rest manager/Engineer
causes hair fall, fatigue, during night shifts. breaks
physical and mental 3 weeks HR Manager
• Plan to conduct tour programmes
health issues , head to the workers
ache, anxiety, blood
pressure increases etc • Provide double wage system for 2 weeks HR Manager
overtime work

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 5 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
Continuous night shifts
and overtime can lead to
chronic stress in
construction workers,
disrupting their circadian
rhythm and reducing rest,
which increases fatigue.
This stress may result in
illnesses like
hypertension,
gastrointestinal issues,
and mental health
conditions, such as
anxiety or depression.
Additionally, sleep
deprivation and fatigue
heighten the risk of
workplace accidents and
impair focus and reaction
times, putting both the
affected worker and their
colleagues at risk of
injury.
4.Noise Equipment operator • Conduct proper maintenance to 1 month Construction
and nearby workers. • Rest time is provided to the avoid noises due to worn or manager
High Noise( workers. damaged parts of machines.
more than 85 Prolonged exposure to
dB and high level noise almost • Warning Sign boards are • Plan or schedule the work when 2 weeks Construction
exposed more 85 decibel almost 8 hours displayed at high noise few workers are available in the manager
than 8 hours) can cause noise induced area. site
from hearing losses, stress,

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 6 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
equipment like fatigue, temporary • PPEs provide to workers • Implement job rotation to avoid 2 weeks Site Engineer
roller and hearing loss or tinnitus for working at high noise continuous exposure
grader were area, like ear plugs and
nearby ear muffs. • Provide proper covering to engine Site Engineer
workers area of equipment to avoid high 2 weeks
exposed to noise from equipment.
these noise .
• Conduct Audiometric test of all 1 Month HR Manager
workers
5. Movement All out door workers, • The driver or Operator
of people and Driver, Operator have valid licence • Develop distinct paths for 2 months Project Manager
vehicle . pedestrians and vehicle
Workers may hit or movement.
Different collide the moving
vehicles are vehicles due to vehicles • Security is available in • Provide speed breakers to reduce
coming to the and workers moving in entrance area to avoid the accidents due to over
site which is same pathway in site unauthorised entry of speeding 20 days Project Manager
passing leads to severe cut vehicle
proximity to the injury, crush injury, head • Implement Vehicle speed is
site workers. injury, fracture in some • Safety induction training is 10km/hr inside site
case death also. provided for all the 2 weeks Construction
(some vehicles workers, drivers/operators • Provide adequate parking facility Manager
are moving Vehicles might be collide and give instructions to park only
speedily inside each other due to • All the necessary PPEs like in those areas 3 Weeks
site and in presence of blind spot hand gloves, cover all with Site Engineer
addition there and speedy movement Reflective jacket is • Provide reverse alarm for all
is a Prescence of vehicles in site it may provided heavy vehicles
of blind spot ) leads to severe cut 2 weeks Site Engineer
injury, cut injury, crush • Appoint flagman for the control
injury, head injury, the movement of vehicle
2 weeks

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 7 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
fracture in some case • Purchase and install convex Construction
death also. mirror in blind point to avoid Manager
accident 3 Weeks

• Provide sufficient traffic control Purchase

sign boards 2 weeks Manager

Site Supervisor

6.Hazardous All Outdoor workers • Sufficient number of eyes • Implement to spray water to the 2 weeks Site Engineer
substances including plastering washing facilities are in vehicle movement areas
workers, masonry place frequently to avoid the high
inhalation of workers, helpers, loading amount of dust during vehicle
silica dust from and unloading workers, • Rest break is provided to movement
work site were Visitors etc. the workers to avoid
workers continuous exposure. • Implement All the loaded vehicle
exposed more Exposure to dusty air carrying dust producing material 12 Day Site Engineer
than 7 hours can put health at risk by • Dust-free areas are must be covered.
irritating the eyes and the provided for eating and
respiratory system or by drinking to avoid ingesting • Implement job rotation to avoid
aggravating existing cement dust continuous exposure. 2 weeks Project Manager
respiratory problems.
• Training are given to the • Provide medical examination for
Breathing crystalline workers regards the health workers in a regular interval and
silica dust continuously in risk of dust exposure keep the record of that 2 Months Project Manager
long period can cause
silicosis, which in severe • Employees are provided • Instruct to workers regards
cases can be disabling, with adequate PPE like Hands/ contacted area should be
or even fatal. When silica cover all, Dust mask thoroughly washed with soap and Site Engineer
dust enters the lungs, it 1 week

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 8 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
causes the formation of running water before eating and
scar tissue, which makes facilities must be provided
it difficult for the lungs to
take in oxygen. There is
no cure for silicosis.

Continuous Exposure to
respirable crystalline
silica increases the risk of
other lung diseases,
primarily COPD, which
includes emphysema
and chronic bronchitis.
exposure to respirable
crystalline silica
increases the risk of
developing lung cancer.
Lung cancer is a disease
where abnormal cells
grow uncontrollably into
tumours, interfering with
lung function.

7. Working at Scaffolding workers, • Top rail and mid rail is • Toe boards must be provided to 2 weeks Site Engineer
height workers near scaffold, provided the scaffold to prevent fall of
visitors materials and tools
Civil Workers • Scaffold tie is provided to
are working on The materials or tools the adjacent building to • Implement to provide bracing in 2 weeks Site Engineer
the scaffold may fall from the top of all scaffold

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 9 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
without toe scaffold due to absence increase the strength of
board were of toe board leads to scaffold. • Purchase tool lanyard for working
some of the severe head injury, tools to prevent fall of materials to Purchase
helpers bruises, traumatic brain • Baseplate and mud sill is bottom workers 3 weeks Manager
working under injury, fracture in some provided to transfer the
the scaffold case leads to fatality. load properly to soil • Implement scaffold tag system to Site Engineer
ensure safe scaffold 2 weeks
The scaffold may • Work area is barricaded to
collapse due to absence avoid un authorised entry • Implement scaffold inspection by Site Engineer
of bracing leads to competent person. 1 week
severe cut injury, spinal
cord injury, back injury, • Prevent workers carrying load
or fracture in some case • Only competent workers over the ladders and make Site Engineer
also leads to death. are allowed to do arrangements for carrying loads 2 weeks
scaffolding works. to elevated platforms like rope
and pulley method
• Standard materials are
used for scaffolding • Provide training for the scaffold
workers regards safe working
• PPE like safety helmet, practice in a scaffold Safety Officer
safety shoe, goggles, hand 2 weeks
gloves are provided

• Workers are provided with

personal protective
equipment like full body
harness

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 10 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
8. Electricity. Shuttering workers and • RCD provided to all • Replace frayed cables with 3 weeks Electrical
visitors. electrical equipment double-insulated alternatives, Engineer
Using of diesel connections. checking them consistently to
generator, Workers might be get ensure durability.
distribution shock when they • Grounding is provided
boards, cutting accidental contact with • Purchase male and female water 3 weeks Purchase
machine etc. exposed or damaged live • Competent electrician proof socket to joint the cables Manager
cables used current carrying cable. available at site
for this Electrical shock may • Purchase battery operated power 1 Month Purchase
equipment cause direct myocardial • Dead man switch available tools to reduce cable usage Manager
some of them necrosis or cardiac for all power tools.
are damaged arrhythmias. Asystole • Purchase cable ramp protector to Purchase
and ventricular fibrillation • PPE like cover all, safety protect the cable from any 3 weeks Manager
are the most serious shoe, safety helmet, hand damages due to vehicle or
arrhythmic complications gloves are provided to the material movement.
of electrical injury. workers. Electrical
• Provide weather protection facility 1 month Engineer
Burn injury and fatality to all diesel generator and
due to electric shock from distribution boards.
faulty electrical machines Safety Officer
and damaged cables. • Provide training on Electrical 2 week
safety and use of emergency
switches.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 11 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
9. Fire. Welders and helpers, • Remove all combustible material 1 Week Site Supervisor
other workers working • Welding booths are from near to work area. There
Carrying out nearby and visitors. provided. should not be any combustible
cutting, material at 15m radius of hot
welding and Workers might be effect working area.
grinding burn injury due to flying of • Experienced welder and Purchase
activity near spatters or hot particles firewatcher available for • Purchase fire blanket to cover 2 Months Manager
combustible to body parts during work. any combustible materials.
materials like welding.
paper, plastic • First aid facilities and first • Implement hot work permit 1 week Project Manager
cement bag, The welding spatter may aider are available at site. system
wood etc. flying to the combustible
materials and leads to Provided proper PPEs • Provide DCP fire extinguisher at
fire. This fire leads to including face shield, welder ground level also while welding 1 month Site Engineer
burn injuries like first gloves, goggles etc. carry out at elevated area and
degree burn, second where chance of falling welding
degree burn and third spatters
degree burn.
• Provide training for the workers 2 weeks Safety Officer
regards use of fire extinguisher

Provide warning signage regards

hot work DOS and DON’T’S 2 weeks Site Supervisor

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 12 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
10.Vibration The jack hammer • Rest break is provided • A concrete breaker mounted on 3 months Purchase
an excavator arm can be manager
operator
• PPE like hand gloves, purchased to replace hand
goggles, cover all is operated concrete breaking
Continuous
use of jack provided
The continuous use of • Hire more operators to avoid 1 Month HR Manager
hammer for jack hammer workers will continuous exposure of vibration
concrete exposed to vibration
breaking works
the workers
While working (concrete • Ensure that equipment is well
breaking)for long period maintained to avoid excessive 1 month Project manager
will exposed to will affect workers results
vibration. vibration.
in hand arm syndrome,
nerve damage, muscle • Implement job rotation to avoid
weakening and joint continuous exposure 1 week Site Engineer
damage
• Provide Training programs are an
effective means of heightening 3 weeks HSE Officer
the awareness of HAVS in the
workplace.
11.Health, All workers including • Drinking water arranged at • Plan or schedule heavy work in 1 Week Site Engineer
welfare and plastering workers, site. early morning or evening
work masonry workers,
environment erection workers etc. • Rest shelter provided near • Implement job rotation to avoid 2 weeks Construction
work area continuous exposure manager
Workers Workers who are
Continuous exposed to extreme heat • Sufficient rest time • Provide training on heat stress
working in or work in hot provided to workers. and its symptoms and immediate 1 Week Safety Officer
extreme hot environments( more than treatments.
weather 40 degree Celsius and • PPE like cover all are
conditions. ( exposed more than 8 provided to the workers. • Deploy a certified First Aider at 2 Weeks Construction
more than 40 hours) may be at risk of site manager

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 13 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
degree Celsius heat stress. Exposure to
and exposed extreme heat can result • Provide oral rehydration salt to 1 week Site Engineer
more than 8 in occupational illnesses the workers
hours) and injuries. Heat stress
can result in heat stroke,
heat exhaustion, heat
cramps, or heat rashes.
Heat can also increase
the risk of injuries in
workers as it may result
in sweaty palms and
dizziness.

12. Work Carpentry workers , • Purchase and fix riving knife to 2 weeks Purchase
equipment workers near by • All circular saw operators the wood cutting machine Manager
and were competent and
machinery. Workers might suffer authorized to use the • Provide proper lighting inside the 1 week Electrical
cut injury, bruises, machine. wood cutting room Engineer
Use of table Amputation due to
saw for accidently hand touch • Displayed names of the • Purchase new blade and replace
2 weeks Purchase
cutting operators authorized to use with broken teeth immediately.
to the wheel while the machine. Manager
plywood rotating
without riving • Purchase emergency switch and
2 weeks Purchase
knife were Using a table saw • Always keep the machine fix it on cutting saw
Manager
switched off when not in
small cutting without a riving knife use.
pieces are

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 14 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
kickback to for cutting plywood can • Conduct third party inspection of 2 weeks
operator face lead to serious • Workers to be worn the the equipment (circular saw Project Manager
kickback incidents, PPE’s like goggles, safety
where small cut pieces gloves, coverall etc. • Provide training to the workers 2 weeks
are violently ejected regards safe operating procedure HSE Officer
toward the operator. of cutting saw
The riving knife, which
is designed to prevent
wood from pinching the
blade, minimizes the
risk of kickbacks by
stabilizing the cut
material. Without it, the
saw blade can catch
smaller pieces and
fling them back with
high force, potentially
hitting the operator in
the face. This can
cause facial injuries,
such as cuts, bruises,
eye injuries, or even
fractures. In severe
cases, a high-velocity
impact could lead to
vision loss or other
permanent damage,
posing a critical safety
risk.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 15 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
13.Load Crane operator, riggers • Working area is barricaded
Handling and visitors. • Purchase safe load indicator and 2 Week Purchase
equipment. • Crane was placed on even fix it to avoid over load Manager
Body injury, head injury, and compacted ground.
Loading and traumatic brain injury, • Prepare a lifting plan and explain
fracture, permanent • Operator is competent and to all workers who involved in 2 weeks Lifting Engineer
unloading of disabilities and fatality have a valid licence lifting and erection activity.
materials and due to equipment failure
erection of and or toppling of mobile • Competent operator, • Provide sufficient number of
crane due to the the rigging supervisor and taglines to avoid uncontrolled 2 week Rigging
precast operator may lift the load Supervisor
riggers are available. movement of lifted load.
culvert using above safe work load
mobile crane limit because the • No any overhead power • Conduct third party inspection of 3 weeks Lifting Engineer
operator not get any lines are there. the lifting equipment and lifting
where audible signal due to accessories
operator lift absence of safe load • Sharp edges of load are
the load indicator protected to avoid tearing • Provide training regards safe 1 Week Safety Officer
above safe or damage of sling. lifting procedure
Fall of lifted load on
load work
people due to over • PPE like cover all, safety
limit shoe ,safety helmet ,hand
load or failure of lifting gloves and goggles are
tools and tackles like provided
chain, web sling,
shackles etc. leads to
cut injury or fracture or
head injury in some
case death also

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 16 of 25

 Hazard Who might be harmed What are you already What further controls/actions are Timescales for Responsible
category and and how? doing? required? further actions person’s job title
hazard to be
completed
(within …)
14.Work Driver, passengers and • Only authorised drivers are • Recruit more driver to reduce the 1 month HR Manager
related public allowed to drive vehicles at work load.
driving. worksite
Vehicles might be collide • Provide sufficient rest time to 1 Week Site Engineer
Workers with other vehicles due to • All drivers are trained about driver
continuously fatigue because of the safe driving rules at
driving more continuous driving, It worksite. Construction
than 10 hour in leads to loss of control of • Implement job rotation for drivers 1 week Manager
a day the vehicle. It may leads • Driving speed is limited to also
to sever cut injury, facial 20km/hr at work area.
injuries, spinal cord injury • Provide emergency contact 1 Week Site Engineer
fracture, or death. • Drivers are instructed details to all drivers.
about the routes to be
travel.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 17 of 25

Part 3: Prioritise 3 actions with justification for the selection
Suggested word counts
Moral, general legal and financial arguments for all actions: 300 to 350 words
For EACH action:
Specific legal arguments: 100 to 150 words
Likelihood AND severity: 75 to 150 words
How effective the action is likely to be in controlling the risk: 100 to 150 words

Moral, general legal and financial arguments for ALL actions

Moral, general legal and financial MORAL
arguments
Eastern internaltional llc has moral duty to ensure protection of all workers as far as
reasonably practicable. All workers come to work for remuneration and not for putting their life in to
risk or work-related ill health (temporary or permanent ill health). Some of the works carried in the
organization will lead to some injuries and ill-health to workers. These injuries become major
when it comes to the life of the workers or members of his family and other relatives. Long term ill-
health or injury result in disability may affect the psychological condition of the worker. It will
also create insecurity to the worker family. People who see an event of accident in a work place it
not only affect the injure person but also cause mental instability in other workers witnessing the
accident. In addition to that morality of the workers obviously linked to the condition of the
workplace. In case there are several accidents and ill health conditions in the workplace, morality
of the workers will be reduced significantly. As a result of reduction in the workers’ morale, quality
and productivity of the business will be affected adversely. So the company has to provide
reasonably practical control measures in order to protect the workers.

FINANCIAL SIDE

The company should have to face some financial impacts also. Costs associated with a site
accident may include direct costs and indirect costs;
-
Direct costs like,

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 18 of 25

 Cost for replacement/repairing of the damaged machineries and equipment, Medical cost (first aid
charge, hospital charge) to the victims of the accident or ill health persons, Sick pay to the worker
who are unable to come for the work due to the accident or ill health, Lost production time while
dealing the injury, Court expenses and fine.

Indirect costs like,

Reduction in staff morale which may affect productivity, quality and efficiency, Damage to the public
image and business reputation, Loss of time for the accident investigation, Wage for over time duty
to compensate the production delay, Recruitment and training costs for the new employees as a
result of labour turnover or death.

In direct and indirect cost some are insured and some are uninsured. Insured cost are Damage to
plant, buildings and equipment, Compensation paid to workers, Medical costs,
Legal costs associated with a legal claim for compensation. Uninsured cost are Production delays
or down time, Loss of raw materials due to accidents, Accident investigation time, Criminal fines
and legal costs, Sick pay for injured workers, Overtime to make up for lost production, Hiring and
training new employees, Loss of business reputation. Here, most of the losses are uninsured costs.
In other hand, by implementing recommended control measures, company can avoid the accidents
and ill-health and these costs would have become the profit of the organisation.

LEGAL

Employer has a legal duty to provide safe work, safe equipment and material as per the ILO code
ILO convention 155 (C155), ILO Recommendation (R 164) . In ILO C167 - Safety and Health in
Construction Convention, 1988 Article 13 SAFETY OF WORKPLACES states that all appropriate
precautions shall be taken to ensure that all workplaces are safe and without risk of injury to the
safety and health of workers. If these laws are violated ends up in an accident, following an
accident there will be enforcement action in the form of fine and imprisonment. In order to prevent
these actions recommended control measures have to implement at work site. There are many
legal requirements-imposed government on organisation to follow health and safety at work place.
Failure to comply with lead to fines, bad reputation restriction on business, ban on business etc.
Many powers have been given to health and safety executive including without warrant inspection
and investigation of equipment

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 19 of 25

Justification for action 1
Action (Taken from column 4 of risk Replace frayed cables with double-insulated alternatives, checking them consistently to ensure
assessment) durability. (Hazard category: - Electricity)

Specific legal arguments C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention Article 26 ELECTRICITY All electrical
equipment and installations shall be constructed, installed and maintained by a competent person,
and so used as to guard against danger. Before construction is commenced and during the
progress thereof adequate steps shall be taken to ascertain the presence of and to guard against
danger to workers from any live electrical cable or apparatus which is under, over or on the site. It is
the legal responsibility of the employer All appropriate precautions shall be taken to ensure that all
workplace are safe. Any violation in the above standard can result in serious enforcement action by
enforcement authority.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity Likelihood can be categorised as to low, medium, high, and very high
• types of injury or ill health The likelihood of the accident during working with electrical equipment is considered as high
• number of workers at risk because almost 25 workers are using electrical equipment and many power tools are using in this
• how often the activity is carried particular site almost 6 hour in daily basis, some of the cable damaged which is used for the
out power supply and almost 40 more workers working in that area and many workers passing through
there the workers are not aware about the damaged condition of the cables so they can mistakenly
• how widespread the risk is
touches it if they touches the damaged cables contact with live line can happen and that will leads to
accidents. Damaged cables are not connected by using industrial male and female sockets and In
addition to that battery operated power tools are not used that’s why many cables are present in site
and it will drag in site also leads to cable damage all these reason increase the chance to get electric
shock to the workers.. The electrical cables and electrical equipment are used in first floor and
second floor and fabrication yard, So the risk is widely spread on the mentioned areas.

When considering the severity, I set 4 categories:

• Minimal: no injury or damage occurred
• Minor: injury requiring first-aid and or repairable damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Major: injury requiring hospital treatment/stay and or significant damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Catastrophic: death and/or irreparable damage to plant/equipment/buildings

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 20 of 25

 The severity of the risk is catastrophic because electricity is the one of the dangerous energy
source it can cause burns, wounds, shock, electrocution , permanent disablement, cardiac
problems, fatality also short circuits can cause fire and explosion thus it cause damages to property
and equipment. Electrical shock may cause direct myocardial necrosis or cardiac arrhythmias,
Asystole and ventricular fibrillation are the most serious arrhythmic complications of electrical injury
It will make damages to both human and property so the severity considered as catastrophic.
How effective the action is likely to be in
Replace the damaged cable with new cable and carryout regular inspection of cables can control
controlling the risk. This should include:
the electrical related accidents, changing of all damaged cables with new cables will solve the issue
• the intended impact of the action; if the cable is new then anybody touches the cables there is no chance of contact with live line by
• justification for the timescale that this action the issue can control. The replacement of new cables will help to prevent the
you indicated in your risk overheating, electrocution, short circuits etc. The regular inspection of cables will help to keep the
assessment; and cables in good condition and help to identify the issues in the cable early so the rectification can
• whether you think the action will done before any accidents occur
fully control the risk I had given 3 weeks to complete this action because the Electrical engineer needs to request the
purchase department to purchase new cables and arrange a competent team conduct routine cable
inspections to keep them in good condition.
This action alone not fully control the risk but by combining with all the other existing and suggested
control measures we can reduce the risk below the acceptable level

Justification for action 2

Action (Taken from column 4 of risk Develop distinct paths for pedestrians and vehicle movement. (Hazard category: Movement of
assessment) people and vehicle)

Specific legal arguments ILO C167 - Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988 Article 16 TRANSPORT, EARTH-
MOVING AND MATERIALS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT states that “On all construction sites on
which vehicles, earth-moving or materials-handling equipment are used safe and suitable access
ways shall be provided for them; and Traffic shall be so organised and controlled as to secure their
safe operation.” It is the legal responsibility of the employer All appropriate precautions shall be
taken to ensure that all workplace are safe. Failure to provide a safe work place leads to accident
and it also leads to action from enforcement bodies. However the provision of designated routes for
vehicles and provide pedestrian walk way will reduce the chance of accident.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 21 of 25

 Consideration of likelihood AND severity Likelihood can be categorised as to low, medium, high, and very high
• types of injury or ill health The likelihood of workers getting injury due to movement of vehicles in the work site is very high
• number of workers at risk as it involves a wide range of mobile equipment’s and vehicles within the working site. Many trucks
• how often the activity is carried are coming speedily to the site for loading and unloading activity, so it increases the chance of
out collision of vehicles with workers if separate pathway is not provided for the movement of people
and vehicle. The reflective jackets are provided to the workers but all the outdoor workers are not
• how widespread the risk is
used , reverse alarm is provided for heavy vehicles but the lack of maintenance some vehicles
reverse alarm is not in working condition also increase the chance of collision of vehicles with
workers in the site. Almost 250 more workers are work in in outdoor almost 7 hours (day time) in
daily basis and the vehicles (both mobile equipment and trucks coming to the site for loading and
unloading activity) also moving 7 hour in daily basis , So the vehicles are passing near to the
workers. So, If not create a designated pathway for pedestrian there is a high chance of collision or
striking with workers or personnel. The vehicles are passing in outdoor area, yard area and
loading and unloading area, so the risk is widely spread the outdoor.

When considering the severity, I set 4 categories:

• Minimal: no injury or damage occurred
• Minor: injury requiring first-aid and or repairable damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Major: injury requiring hospital treatment/stay and or significant damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Catastrophic: death and/or irreparable damage to plant/equipment/buildings
When the vehicle collides with workers leads to spinal cord injuries, broken (legs, ribs, angles and
wrist ), crush injury, in some case also leads to facial injuries in extreme case death also. If the
vehicles are collide with any structure also leads to property damage. So the severity is considered
as Catastrophic
How effective the action is likely to be in
The provision of separate path way for vehicle movement and pedestrian movement reduce the
controlling the risk. This should include:
chance of collision with workers and vehicles in the site. The provision separate path way with hard
• the intended impact of the action; barricade act as a barrier and reduces the proximity of vehicles with workers. The provision of
• justification for the timescale that separate pathway for movement of people and vehicle reduces the risk of workers enter into the
you indicated in your risk vehicle zone. So, it reduces the risk considerably
assessment; and I had given 2 months for complete the action because first a vendor who is competent enough to do
such an activity need to be selected now the quotation is taken from his side , the quotation needs

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 22 of 25

 • whether you think the action will to be finalised budget needs to release from finance manager then construction of walkway need to
fully control the risk be done, So it will take 2 months
This action alone not fully control the risk in addition with other suggested control measures like
Construct speed humps in the areas where pedestrian need to cross, Post a flag man to control the
vehicle and pedestrian movement will control the risk fully.

Justification for action 3

Action (Taken from column 4 of risk Toe boards must be provided to the scaffold to prevent fall of materials and tools ( Hazard Category
assessment) ; Work at height)
Provide toe board for the scaffold to prevent fall of materials is a legal duty of employer as per C167
Specific legal arguments
- Safety and Health in Construction Convention Article 18 WORK AT HEIGHTS INCLUDING
ROOFWORK Where necessary to guard against danger, or where the height of a structure or its
slope exceeds that prescribed by national laws or regulations, preventive measures shall be taken
against the fall of workers and tools or other objects or materials. R175 - Safety and Health in
Construction Recommendation SCAFFOLDS Every scaffold and part thereof should be of suitable
and sound material and of adequate size and strength for the purpose for which it is used and be
maintained in a proper condition. The working platforms, gangways and stairways of scaffolds
should be of such dimensions and so constructed and guarded as to protect persons against falling
or being endangered by falling objects. ILO code of practice safety and health in construction
section Work at heights including roof work states that Elevated workplaces, including roofs more
than 2 m or as prescribed, above the floor or ground should be protected on all open sides by
guard-rails and toe board complying with the relevant national laws and regulations. Wherever
guard-rails and toe-boards cannot be provided, adequate safety harnesses should be provided and
used.
It is the legal responsibility of the employer All appropriate precautions shall be taken to ensure that
all workplace is safe. Here, the company violating the mentioned law. Any violation in the above
standard can result in serious enforcement action by enforcement authority.
Consideration of likelihood AND severity Likelihood can be categorised as to low, medium, high, and very high
• types of injury or ill health
• number of workers at risk The likelihood of workers getting injury during working on a scaffold is considered as very high
• how often the activity is carried because at this particular site more than 4 scaffold are used in the site. Almost 25 workers are
out working on the top and bottom of scaffold almost 7 hours in daily basis at they are at risk. If the
toe board is not provided it increase the chance of workers knock the materials during working on

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 23 of 25

 • how widespread the risk is scaffold, it leads to fall of materials to bottom workers. Scaffold bracing is not provided it will
increase the chance of scaffold collapse, the company not follow scaffold tag system it will also
leads to use unsafe scaffold in site which will also leads to scaffold related accident. The scaffold
is erected front area of building and 2 sides of the construction building. So the risk is
widely spread on where the scaffolds are available.

When considering the severity, I set 4 categories:

• Minimal: no injury or damage occurred
• Minor: injury requiring first-aid and or repairable damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Major: injury requiring hospital treatment/stay and or significant damage caused to
plant/equipment/buildings.
• Catastrophic: death and/or irreparable damage to plant/equipment/buildings

If the materials fall to bottom workers it leads to severe cut injury or fracture or head injury in some
case death also. In case of scaffold collapse it will results various serious injuries like cut injury,
fracture, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and loss of life. Severity increase according to
increase of height of the scaffold, Here most of the scaffold is more than 8 meter height so the
severity is considered as catastrophic
How effective the action is likely to be in The purpose of toe-boards is basically the same as handrails – to prevent workers, equipment, and
controlling the risk. This should include: materials from slipping or being knocked off the scaffold platform. Along with handrails, toe-boards
are also a vital safety tool that effectively reduces the likelihood of workers, equipment, and
• the intended impact of the action;
materials from slipping or falling from the scaffold platform. Toe-boards and handrails work in
• justification for the timescale that unison by protecting workers and equipment, both at the top and the bottom of the scaffold
you indicated in your risk platform. The provision of toe board reduces the likelihood of accident, So the risk will reduce
assessment; and considerably.
• whether you think the action will
fully control the risk I had recommended 2 weeks for complete this action because the Site Engineer needs to request
the Purchase department to purchase enough toe board. Bring it to the site as soon as possible.
Then fix it according to the requirement.

This action alone not fully control the risk but by combining with all the other existing and suggested
control measures like Implement to provide bracing in all scaffold ,Implement scaffold tag system to
ensure safe scaffold ,Purchase tool lanyard for working tools to prevent fall of materials to bottom
workers we can reduce the risk below the acceptable level.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 24 of 25

Part 4: Review, communicate and check
Suggested word counts for each section:
• Planned review date or period and reasoning for this: 50 - 100 words
• How the risk assessment findings will be communicated and who needs to know the information: 100 - 150 words
• Follow up on the risk assessment: 100 - 150 words.
Planned review date/period with As per the company policy, it is advised to review the risk assessment after one year which is
reasoning 08-12-2025. But, in case any major accidents, change in management or policy happens inside the
organization, this risk assessment should be reviewed according to the change.
How the risk assessment findings will be I will schedule a meeting with the representatives of the project team and the representatives of the
communicated AND who you need to tell client to discuss the control measures that need to be applied at the site. I'm also going to highlight
the most important ones that need special attention. I will let them know about the legislation and
laws on these controls measured and try to reassure them how effective the application of these
steps will be to the good of the organisation. I would advise them of the direct and indirect costs to
be borne by the organisation in the event of an accident. I will ensure that my results reach all
workers involved in the project through safety committee meetings and toolbox discussions.
How you will follow up on the risk It is understood that follow up action is done in the organisation is conducted through email
assessment to check that the actions communication system so I collected the email address of the responsible persons. I will prepare
have been carried out excel file with target dates and email it to the respective engineers regularly. Upon starting the
activities, I will visit the site and monitor the progress and the progress updation will circulated to the
respective heads of the departments. Contacting the respected engineer will also help me in follow
up programme, thereby daily progress photos and videos can be easily collected for my records. If
the action is not on the target to complete within the deadline, I will find out the reason why it is not
on the target and I will take action to rectify it, if it is possible. For example, if any responsible person
is struggling to complete the work due to the lack of resources available, I will speak to the Managing
director to see if additional resource is available for the action. After 3 months, I will visit the worksite
again to check whether all targets are in place. If I find any shortfall, I will inform that directly to the
managing director.

Learner number: 00924913 Learner name: Elvis wibwen nigung Page 25 of 25