Project No.

: 2019-1-53-0032

CITIZEN COLLEGE

E-COMMERCE WEB APPLICATION USING LARAVEL

BY
MANAS SUBEDI

Project Proposal

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION,

CITIZEN COLLEGE
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

DEPARTMENT OF BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION,

POKHARA UNIVERSITY,CITIZEN COLLEGE
POKHARA, NEPAL.

MAY, 2025
 E-Commerce Web Application Using Laravel

By
Manas Subedi
PU Reg. No.: 2019-1-53-0004,
Exam Symbol No.:20530032

Project Supervisor
Er. Nishan Khanal

A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Computer Application.

Department of Bachelor of Computer Application,

Pokhara University, Citizen College,
Pokhara, Nepal.

May, 2025

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 COPYRIGHT ©

The author has agreed that the library, Department of Bachelor of Computer Application,
Pokhara University, Citizen College, may make this project work freely available for
inspection. Moreover the author has agreed that the permission for extensive copying
of this project work for scholarly purpose may be granted by the professor(s), who
supervised the project work recorded herein or, in their absence, by the Head of the
Department, wherein this project work was done. It is understood that the recognition
will be given to the author of this project work and to the Department of Bachelor of
Computer Application, Pokhara University, Citizen College in any use of the material of
this project work. Copying of publication or other use of this project work for financial
gain without approval of the Department of Bachelor of Computer Application, Pokhara
University, Citizen College and author’s written permission is prohibited.

Request for permission to copy or to make any use of the material in this thesis in whole
or part should be addressed to:

Head
Department of Bachelor of Computer Application,
Pokhara University, Citizen College,
Kumaripati, Lalitpur, Nepal.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This project work would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of
several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable
assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Project Supervisor,
Program Coordinator Er. Nishan Khanal, of Citizen College for providing invaluable
guidance, insightful comments, meticulous suggestions, and encouragement throughout
the duration of this project work.
I am also grateful to my classmates and friends for offering me advice and moral support.
To my families, thank you for encouraging us in all of my pursuits and inspiring us to
follow my dreams. I am especially grateful to my parents, who supported me emotionally,
believed in me and wanted the best for me.

Manas Subedi.

May, 2025

iii
 ABSTRACT

The project proposal aims to develop a comprehensive e-commerce website that rev-
olutionizes the way individuals and businesses engage in online retail activities. The
proposed website will serve as a user-friendly platform, facilitating secure transactions,
efficient inventory management, and an immersive shopping experience.This project
seeks to address the growing demand for online shopping by providing a robust and
reliable e-commerce platform. Key features of the website will include an intuitive user
interface, personalized product recommendations, advanced search functionalities, and
secure payment gateways. Furthermore, the website will incorporate responsive de-
sign principles to ensure seamless accessibility across various devices.The development
process will involve utilizing industry-standard web development technologies such as
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, along with a powerful and scalable backend framework.
Additionally, modern web development frameworks, content management systems, and
database management systems will be employed to streamline the development process
and enhance the website’s performance.Furthermore, the project will focus on imple-
menting efficient inventory management techniques, including real-time stock tracking,
automated notifications for low stock items, and integration with existing supply chain
systems. These measures will enable businesses to optimize their inventory operations,
reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.Overall, the proposed e-commerce web-
site project aspires to provide a seamless online retail experience while catering to the
needs of both customers and businesses. By delivering an intuitive user interface, robust
security measures, and efficient inventory management, the website aims to contribute
to the growth of the e-commerce industry and revolutionize the way people engage in
online shopping.

Keywords: Inventory, Management, Online, Shopping, User, Friendly.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Problem Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Project Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Scope of Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Potential Project Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.8 Originality of Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.9 Organisation of Project Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Base Paper I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Base paper II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Base Paper III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 Base paper IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3 METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1 Prototype Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2 System Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3 Conceptual DFD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4 Elaboration of Working Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.5 Verification and Validation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3 Tools Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5 EXPECTED OUTCOMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.1 Expected Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2 Expected Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2.1 Login Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.2.2 Register Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.3 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

A Estimated Project Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

A.1 Literature Review of Base Paper- I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
A.2 Literature Review of Base Paper- II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.3 Literature Review of Base Paper- III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
A.4 Literature Review Base Paper- IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Motivation Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Figure 3.1 Prototype Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figure 3.2 System Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 3.3 Conceptual DFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 5.1 Login Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 5.2 Register Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 5.3 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure A.1 Gantt Chart showing Expected Project Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Software tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 4.2 Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ATM Automated Teller Machine

CMS Content Management System
CSS Castcading Style Sheets
DFD Data Flow Diagram
E-commers Electronic Commerce
E-R Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
M-commers Mobile Commers
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
UAT User Acceptance Testing

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1 INTRODUCTION

The emergence of the Internet has remarkably transformed the way we conduct business;
amongst many, one of the most prominent consequences of this digital revolution has
been the emergence of e-commerce. E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is the
buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. It has become an integral
part of our lives, providing convenience, accessibility, and a wide range of products at
our fingertips. With the increasing Popularity and widespread use of online shopping
increased the demand for well-designed and Developing user-friendly e-commerce
websites has become vital to businesses in the competitive digital marketplace. The
underlying major objective of this project is to develop an efficient e-commerce site
catering to the changing needs and expectations of both the customers and the businesses.
Here, customers will be in a position to browse different varieties of products, make
purchases in a secure manner, and have them delivered to their doorsteps. On the other
hand, businesses will get streamlined inventory management, efficient order processing,
and increased visibility to a wider audience. global customer base. The success of an
e-commerce website lies in how smoothly it can take its customers through an online
shopping experience. Customers will be able to discover the items they need quickly
and easily thanks to the website’s user-friendly layout, straightforward navigation, and
sophisticated search features. The shopping experience will be improved by tailored
product suggestions based on user preferences and past purchases, which will increase
consumer loyalty and boost sales. Another crucial element that will be considered in
the creation of the e-commerce website is security. Customers will feel more confident
knowing that their financial and personal information is protected if strong security
measures are put in place, such as encrypted transactions, secure payment gateways, and
protection against data breaches.The e-commerce website will be a potent instrument for
companies looking to increase their market share and spur expansion. The e-commerce
website is being developed using industry-standard web development frameworks and
technologies. The use of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Laravel, and contemporary
content management systems will result in an interface that is both visually beautiful
and captivating.

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1.1 Background
The growth of the internet and digital technologies has revolutionized the way firms and
consumers conduct business. E-commerce refers to the buying or selling of services and
products online, and has grown massively in the past ten years. Nowadays, it forms a
big chunk of the world’s economy, rendering customers across the world the benefits of
convenience, accessibility, and all kinds of items. With this increase in Of e-commerce,
many firms, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), continue to grapple
with creating a conspicuous online presence. Their inability to harvest the tremendous
promise of online shopping has been bogged down by a lack of resources, technical
impediments, and the conundrum of website creation.

1.2 Motivation
Bridging the digital gap for small enterprises is the driving force behind this project’s per-
ception. My goal is to create a user-friendly e-commerce platform that will enable
businesses with modest funds to participate in the internet market. Through this ini-
tiative, students will have the chance to practise their web programming abilities and
change the world. My goals are to level the playing field in the digital age, promote
economic growth, and transform the way small companies engage with their clientele.

Figure 1.1: Motivation Diagram

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1.3 Problem Statement
The issue lies in SMEs’ restricted online visibility and accessibility in the digital economy.
Due to technological obstacles, resource limitations, and the complexity of website
creation, the majority of SMEs are unable to establish an effective e-commerce platform.
This results in a significant loss of growth prospects, diminished competitiveness, and
an inability to expand the client base. An easy e-commerce solution that will help
SMEs overcome these obstacles and thrive in the digital age is required if they lack an
e-commerce website that is user-friendly and accessible, allows them to showcase their
products, securely process online transactions, and manages their inventory effectively.

1.4 Project Objectives

• To develop a user interface that is easy to use, visually appealing, and focusses on
simplicity, ease of navigation, and clear product display in order to improve the
browsing and purchasing experience for customers.

• To establish strong security measures in place to guarantee safe and encrypted

online transactions, safeguard client information, and offer a secure shopping
experience.

1.5 Scope of Project

Designing and creating a comprehensive, user-friendly e-commerce website for SMEs is
the project’s scope. The main focus is on the platform’s ease of use, which aids SMEs in
building a solid online presence, showcasing their goods and services, and successfully
interacting with clients. The project’s concept, development, and execution will all
have an inclusive stance. An e-commerce website has all the essential components,
such as a user-friendly interface, safe payment gateways, basic inventory control, and
product catalogue management. The user experience won’t be compromised because
the website will work on a range of gadgets and browsers. Order processing, customer
administration, and basic reporting features will all be included into the website as
part of this project. Additionally, the development will be built on top frameworks
and technologies to guarantee performance, security, and scalability. It is important
to note that this project does not include significant customisation. Some of the more
sophisticated features seen on bigger e-commerce websites are absent from this. To

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precisely address the demands of SMEs, the theme is maintained straightforward and
places a strong emphasis on usability. This e-commerce website was created with the
specific demands and constraints of SMEs in mind, using a pragmatic and effective
approach.

1.6 Limitations
Here are some limitations of the project:

• People without internet can not use it.

• People who do not know how to use mobile and computer can not use it.

• Lack of personal touch.

• Security concern: Because user have to provide the detail information.

• Shipping and logistic cost.

• Complete reliance on technology.

• Geographical limitations.

1.7 Potential Project Applications

• Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs):The designed e-commerce web-
site may be used by SMEs to boost sales, grow their clientele, and create an online
presence. SMEs are empowered to participate in the digital economy because
to the user-friendly interface and streamlined features that are tailored to their
demands and constraints.

• Entrepreneurial Ventures: The concept offers startups and entrepreneurial en-

deavours an affordable way to get into the internet retail market. They may build
their brand, offer goods or services, and take on bigger competitors in the market
thanks to the streamlined e-commerce website.

• Retail and Online Businesses: E-commerce websites may be used by retailers

and internet companies to display their goods and services, handle safe online
transactions, and simplify inventory control. The platform offers a practical and

4
 effective means of connecting with clients and improving the general buying
experience.

1.8 Originality of Project

This e-commerce website project is unique because it prioritises accessibility and ease
of use for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). Although there are other e-
commerce systems available, my project stands out for providing a user-friendly interface
and simplified features designed with SMEs’ requirements in mind. Even with little
resources and technological know-how, SMEs may effectively communicate with clients,
promote their goods and services, and develop an online presence by using this platform’s
simplicity and ease of use. This innovative strategy enables SMEs to compete and
prosper in the online retail environment while addressing the particular difficulties they
have while joining the digital marketplace.The project’s distinctive qualities is in its
commitment to closing the gap and giving SMEs the tools they need to take advantage
of e-commerce’s enormous potential by providing them with an affordable way to build
a solid online presence.

1.9 Organisation of Project Report

The table of contents provides the structure of the project report, ensuring that a reader
can easily navigate to the various parts. It starts with the standard preliminary elements,
which include the copyright notice, acknowledgments, and an abstract. The main body
is subdivided into chapters; the first is introductory in nature, containing background
information, motivations, problem statements, and the objectives of the project. The
following chapters encompass the literature review of various base papers, which describe
in detail the extant research concerning the project. The methodology chapter discusses
the theoretical and practical details of the project, including the system design, technical
requirements, and descriptions of the algorithms involved. Further sections describe the
work done, including the design of a database and the user interface. The report will
also include all discussions, analyses, and a description of further tasks to be completed.
Supporting documentation, including a rough project timeline and in-depth literature
reviews, is contained in the appendices. Concluded with an extensive reference list.

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2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Base Paper I

The world is easy for business because of the internet related businesses most likely the e-
commerce contribute the most in this sector because the e-commerce is really helpful for
the seller and the buyer because it helps them by reduce the total time they have to spend
to go to the shop or the mall. This is only the one of the many advantages, there are many
others positive aspect of the e-commerce business. Many country economy is diverted
to the e-commerce business because it has lots of potential according to the research
in India done by two professor Dr Shahid Amin and Dr Kashav Kansana found that
commerce in India, key factors for e-commerce success, internet banking and e-banking,
service quality in e-commerce, security and trust in e-commerce, integration of online
and offline relationships, and the challenges and government support in the e-commerce
industry. These findings provide valuable insights into the current state and potential of
e-commerce in India. Understanding these key points can help inform the development
of a proposal for an e-commerce website. The digital market like-commerce can change
the country economy by providing option to generate money [1] .

Demographics play a significant role in the success of e-commerce ventures. The

literature review reveals that the 18-25 age group represents the fastest-growing segment
of online users in India, with both male and female users contributing to the growth. It
is also noted that approximately 65The review emphasizes the rapid growth of mobile
commerce (m-commerce) as a significant supplement to the e-commerce industry. The
convenience and security offered by smartphones have made shopping through mobile
devices a game-changer. The literature suggests that m-commerce could potentially
contribute up to 70 percent of total e-commerce revenues. This finding underscores
the importance of optimizing the website for mobile devices and providing a seamless
mobile shopping experience.Several factors are identified as driving the growth of e-
commerce in India. The literature points to the apparel segment as having the highest
growth rate, followed by electronic items, baby care products, beauty and personal care
products, and home furnishings. The increased use of smartphones, particularly for
mobiles and mobile accessories, has been a significant driver of digital commerce in
India. Cash on delivery is also highlighted as the preferred payment method for online

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shoppers, with 45 percent of consumers choosing this option. These insights suggest the
need to align the product offerings and payment options of the proposed e-commerce
website with the preferences and demands of the Indian market.The future of e-commerce
in India looks promising, with the deployment of advanced wireless communication
technologies and the expected increase in internet users. The literature predicts that
India will have a substantial number of internet users in the coming years, creating new
opportunities for e-commerce ventures of all sizes. This finding underscores the potential
market size and growth prospects that can be tapped into by the proposed e-commerce
website. Key success factors for e-commerce in India are highlighted in the literature
review. These factors include providing a replacement guarantee, offering M-commerce
services, utilizing location-based services, offering multiple payment options, presenting
relevant and accurate content, providing various shipment options, complying with
legal requirements, ensuring quick service, maintaining clear and realistic terms and
conditions, and delivering high product quality. Additionally, privacy is identified as a
crucial feature that enhances competitive advantage and customer confidence [3]. These
findings emphasize the need to incorporate these success factors into the proposal for
the e-commerce website to enhance its chances of success.The literature review also
touches on the significance of internet banking and e-banking in the e-commerce industry.
Internet banking has revolutionized the banking sector by providing convenient and time-
saving services to customers while reducing operational costs for financial institutions.
The review suggests that internet banking strategies have been effective in attracting more
profitable, loyal, and committed consumers compared to traditional banking consumers.
These insights indicate the potential benefits of integrating internet banking features
and services into the proposed e-commerce website to enhance user experience and
convenience.Service quality and customer satisfaction are crucial considerations in the
e-commerce industry. The literature review reveals that tangible aspects, such as bank
locations, ATM machines, and tele-banking, have the most significant impact on overall
customer satisfaction in the banking sector. However, there is a notable service quality
gap in terms of empathy, including convenient bank locations and ATM machines.
Bridging this gap is identified as a major concern for the Indian banking industry.

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2.2 Base paper II
Numerous platforms catering to varied customer needs have emerged in recent years in
the e-commerce market. However, individuals with specific purchase requirements find
it difficult to locate solutions that are suitable because to the lack of diversity among
these platforms. Businesses must comprehend user preferences and the factors that
influence platform selection if they want to increase marketing effectiveness. This
study focuses on four well-known e-commerce platforms: JD, Taobao, Pinduoduo, and
Tmall. It does this by examining consumer behavior and conducting surveys. Examining
consumer purchase patterns and the elements that draw various consumer groups to
these platforms is the aim. The results of the poll show that consumers have distinct
preferences while making product purchases. For electronic goods, JD.com is preferred,
while Taobao and Pinduoduo are well-liked options for cheap daily essentials. In order
to examine the effects of age and gender on platform choice, the study additionally
divides consumers into age and gender categories. According to the findings, people
between the ages of 18 and 30 choose JD.com while users between the ages of 18 and
30 and 50 prefer Taobao. Tmall attracts mostly women between the ages of 30 and
50, while Pinduoduo is generally used by men over the age of 50.The investigation
reveals advantages and disadvantages. The study’s coverage of a variety of customer
types and overall review of platform preferences are advantages. A thorough analysis of
the e-commerce enterprises is provided, taking into account both internal and external
variables. However, restrictions include the lack of in-depth study on particular items as
well as subjective assessments of particular gender and age groups. WeChat was used to
conduct the study, perhaps leaving out some senior users who are not active on the app.
Furthermore, the single-choice questions could produce inaccurate data.

In order to adjust their marketing strategy, companies should be aware of consumer

preferences depending on variables like gender and age. Male customers place more
emphasis on quality and after-sales service, while female users place more emphasis
on product variety and quality. Older male consumers place a premium on value. To
improve user experience, software design across all platforms must be improved. To
go into customer classification in greater detail and offer more insights for successful
marketing, further research is required.

8
2.3 Base Paper III
Electronic commerce, sometimes known as ”E-commerce,” has developed as a result of
the increase in Internet usage for business. Only a small portion of users actually make
purchases as a result of their internet searches due to security and usability difficulties.
In this study, evaluation methods for e-commerce websites will be reviewed with an
emphasis on usability and security factors. The study stresses the lack of a complete
model that assesses both usability and security components at once and examines the
benefits and flaws of 11 models. To improve e-commerce websites, the necessity for
an integrated evaluation approach is underlined.Even while internet purchasing has
significantly increased, less actual purchases are being made than anticipated. The
usability and security of websites are essential to the success of e-commerce. Websites
with a clear structure that make it simple to access information draw customers and
foster trust. Since consumers are hesitant to conduct business online due to worries
in these areas, security and privacy are also essential for the success of e-commerce.
Usable security guarantees system security while taking user involvement into account.
Given their multifaceted nature, usability and security are difficult to evaluate. Usability,
security, and their effects on satisfaction have been evaluated using a variety of methods,
including the Technology Acceptance Model. These models place a strong emphasis on
elements like trust, website quality, financial security, and convenience.

A general model to evaluate the success of information systems has been the subject
of numerous studies. In this study, 11 models for assessing the security and usability
of e-commerce websites were looked at. Existing methods don’t take into account
every aspect of usability and security and only offer partial insights. There is a lack
of a complete model that incorporates these dimensions. Existing models mostly pay
attention to a few aspects of usability while ignoring security and privacy. For this gap
to be closed, more study is required. The study’s drawback, nevertheless, stems from the
limited number of models that were examined (11) as a result of the chosen time frame
(2000-2018). Future research should expand the number of models used and give more
time for a thorough investigation.

9
2.4 Base paper IV
This research article examined the use of project-based learning as a teaching approach
to help students learn more profoundly through active problem-solving in real-world
scenarios. In light of this, a number of critical elements have been evaluated. Context-
Specific knowledge acquisition: PBL emphasizes the value of obtaining knowledge in
a specific context, allowing students to apply their learning in real-world settings and
utilize it during practical assignments.Peterson (2012), Pel- ogrino and Hilton (2012).[2]
PBL requires students to actively participate in the learning process and cooperate with
others, creating collaboration and social engagement (Cocco, 2007). The review also
highlighted six essential features of PBL, including the use of fascinating questions, the
emphasis on learning objectives, active participation in instructional activities, teamwork,
the use of scaffolding technology, and the development of substantial outputs (Sawyer,
2005).[2] PBL is distinguished from other student-focused learning activities, such as
problem-based training, by the development of real products (Blumenfeld et al., 1991;
Helle and Tynjälä, 2006). Furthermore, research has emphasized the contrast between
problem-based learning and project-based learning. PBL, unlike problem-based learning,
encourages the active development of knowledge and understanding during the learning
process; Sawyer 2005,2005. The literature on university education emphasizes the
importance of providing an advanced and innovative learning environment, addressing
skill gaps, and preparing graduates with transferrable skills in addition to technical
knowledge (Crosling,Nair, Vaithilingam, 2015; Male, Bush, Chapman, 2010). Sadinski
et al. (2017) demonstrated the necessity of tackling these difficulties using a student-led
method such as PBL.

10
3 METHODOLOGY

The methodology for an e-commerce website outlines the approach and steps that will
be followed to develop and implement the website. Here is a general outline of the
methodology for the project that we are going to follow:

1. Requirement Analysis: Conduct a thorough analysis of the client’s requirements,

target audience, and business goals. Identify key features and functionalities that the
e-commerce website needs to have, such as product catalog, shopping cart, payment
processing, user registration, etc.

2. Design and Wireframing: Create a visual design and layout for the website, consider-
ing the client’s branding guidelines and user experience principles. Develop wireframes
and prototypes to provide a visual representation of the website’s structure, navigation,
and user interface.

3. Technology Selection: Identify the appropriate technology stack for the development
of the e-commerce website. Consider factors such as scalability, security, integration
capabilities, and ease of maintenance. Common technologies used in e-commerce web-
site development include content management systems (CMS), e-commerce platforms,
programming languages, and databases.

4. Development: Begin the development process by setting up the necessary infrastruc-

ture, such as servers, hosting, and development environments. Implement the chosen
technology stack to build the website’s core features, including product management,
shopping cart, payment gateway integration, and user management.

5. Testing and Quality Assurance: Perform thorough testing to ensure the website func-
tions correctly, meets the client’s requirements, and provides a seamless user experience.
Conduct functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, and security testing to
identify and resolve any issues or bugs.

6. Content Population: Populate the website with relevant and accurate content, including
product information, images, descriptions, and pricing. Ensure consistency in branding
and messaging throughout the website.

11
7. Deployment and Launch: Prepare the website for deployment on the live server or
hosting platform. Configure necessary settings, set up security measures, and conduct
final checks. Once everything is ready, launch the e-commerce website and make it
available to the public.

8. Post-Launch Support: Provide ongoing support and maintenance for the e-commerce
website. Address any user feedback, fix bugs, and implement updates or enhancements
as required. Monitor the website’s performance, security, and analytics to ensure its
optimal functioning.

It is important to note that the methodology may vary depending on the specific require-
ments of the project and the chosen development approach (e.g., agile, waterfall, etc.).
The outlined steps provide a general framework for the development and implementation
of an e-commerce website. we will use the waterfall approach for this project.

3.1 Prototype Model

Figure 3.1: Prototype Model

Creating an e-commerce web application using the Agile process provides flexibility,
speed, and adaptability—all of which are critical in today’s competitive digital economy.
Agile focusses on iterative development, allowing teams to construct the application in
tiny, manageable chunks. This allows for speedier delivery of fundamental functionality

12
like as product listings, shopping carts, and payment gateways, guaranteeing that the
application can launch rapidly and grow based on real-user input. Agile promotes
strong cooperation among developers, designers, product owners, and stakeholders. This
continual interaction assists in integrating the project with corporate objectives and client
requirements, lowering the chance of costly rework. Because online shopping patterns
and client preferences change frequently, Agile’s flexibility is critical—it enables quick
modifications and enhancements throughout the development cycle.
Furthermore, testing is included into every iteration, ensuring that issues are identified
early on and the end result is more trustworthy. Agile also offers constant integration and
launch, allowing for quicker upgrades and major rollouts without lengthy disruptions.
In the core, Agile offers a customer-centric, efficient, and adaptable framework for
developing and expanding e-commerce systems in today’s fast-paced industry. It enables
teams to create high-quality, user-friendly apps capable of adapting fast to changing
business requirements.

3.2 System Block Diagram

This will be the simple block diagram of the proposed e-commerce website that gives
the simple ideas of how it works. The main components are user, administrator, internet,
and the database the users, administrator are connected by the internet and user can buy
the product from the website through internet and administrator is also connected with
the page through the internet. The database is used to store the information/data.

13
 Figure 3.2: Proposed System Block Diagram

In my system admin and users are there and both get access to the system with some
boundary that means admin is able to login and then can add the items and manage then
see the order but users can not do so they are restricted to do that activities and they can
see the product make order and make payment after the registration is done.

3.3 Conceptual DFD

Figure 3.3: Conceptual DFD

The overall data flow in an E-Commerce website is shown in a data flow diagram for e-
Commerce. The e-Commerce data flow diagram shows how the project will manage the
provided data. Three illustrations, each represented by a DFD Level, are included. We’ll
address these as we go along with the conversation. The data flow and transformations in
an e-commerce website are shown in the data flow diagram (DFD). For an e-commerce
website, the input, processing, and output serve to depict and define the entire data

14
flow diagram. The following charts complete the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for an
e-commerce website. Each of these Levels outlines how it emphasizes the job done by
the e-Commerce website. This is just the conceptual DFD of the proposed system since
the whole system has not been constructed. Afterwards the system implementation starts
the higher level (Level 1 and 2) will be constructed.

3.4 Elaboration of Working Principle

An e-commerce website is like an online store where people can buy products or services
without physically visiting a physical store. The working principle of an e-commerce
website involves several steps:

1. Website Creation: First, a team of designers and developers create the website.
They design how the website will look, where the products will be displayed, and how
customers can navigate through the different pages.

2. Product Listing: Sellers or store owners add their products to the website. They take
pictures, write descriptions, and set prices for each product. They also decide on any
discounts or special offers they want to provide.

3. Browsing and Searching: When a customer visits the website, they can browse through
different categories or use a search bar to find specific products they are interested in.
They can see pictures, read descriptions, and check prices.

4. Adding to Cart: If a customer likes a product, they can add it to their virtual shopping
cart. It’s like putting items in a physical shopping cart at a store.

5. Checkout: Once a customer finishes selecting their desired products, they proceed to
the checkout process. They enter their shipping address and choose a payment method,
such as credit card, debit card, or online payment systems like e-sewa.

6. Payment Processing: The website securely sends the payment information to a

payment gateway, which processes the transaction. It verifies the payment details,
deducts the amount from the customer’s account, and transfers it to the seller’s account.

7. Order Confirmation: After the payment is successfully processed, the customer

receives an order confirmation. This includes details like the order number, the products

15
purchased, and the estimated delivery time.

8. Shipping and Delivery: The seller prepares the ordered products for shipment and
sends them to the customer’s address using a delivery service. The customer waits for
the package to arrive at their doorstep.

9. Customer Support: Throughout the process, customers can reach out to the website’s
customer support if they have any questions, concerns, or issues with their order. The
customer support team helps them resolve any problems.

3.5 Verification and Validation Procedures

Verification and validation are important steps in ensuring the quality and functionality
of the project.

Verification: Verification involves checking that the website has been built according
to the specified requirements and design. It ensures that the development team has
implemented the intended features correctly. The following verification activities can be
performed:

1. Requirement Review: Review the initial requirements of the website to ensure that all
the necessary features and functionalities have been included in the development.

2. Code Review: Conduct a thorough review of the website’s source code to check for
any errors, bugs, or inconsistencies. This helps identify and fix any coding issues that
may affect the website’s functionality.

3. Functional Testing: Perform testing to verify that all the website’s features and
functionalities work as intended. This includes testing tasks such as adding products to
the cart, placing orders, and processing payments to ensure smooth operation.

4. Compatibility Testing: Test the website on different web browsers (e.g., Chrome)
and devices (e.g., desktop, mobile) to ensure it functions properly and appears correctly
across various platforms.

Validation: Validation, on the other hand, focuses on assessing whether the e-commerce
website meets the needs and expectations of its intended users. It involves testing

16
the website with real users to gather feedback and ensure its usability. The following
validation activities can be performed:

1. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Invite a group of representative users to test the
website and provide feedback on its usability, ease of navigation, and overall user
experience. This helps identify any areas of improvement or user pain points.

2. Usability Testing: Conduct usability testing sessions to observe how users interact
with the website and identify any usability issues or difficulties they encounter. This can
involve tasks such as finding and purchasing a specific product.

3. Performance Testing: Test the website’s performance under different loads to ensure
it can handle concurrent user traffic without slowing down or crashing. This ensures a
smooth user experience, especially during peak times.

4. Security Testing: Conduct security testing to identify and address vulnerabilities that
could compromise user data or the website’s integrity. This includes testing the website
for secure payment processing and protection against common security threats.

By performing thorough verification and validation activities, we can ensure that the
proposed e-commerce website meets the specified requirements, functions correctly, and
provides a positive user experience. This helps in building a reliable and trustworthy
platform for online shopping.

17
4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Web Application
Users need to have access to the internet in order to have access of the application.
2. Database
In order to have the system to be built there must be the appropriate database of related
domain.
3. User-Friendly Interface
Users have different modes of working such as admin and customer.
4. Data Collection and Preprocessing
The necessary step includes gathering multiple types of products their price and also
their quality.
5. Statistical Analysis and Reporting
The system will create statistical analysis logs and reports through SPSS to track trends
and develop improved models which produce actionable insights used by stakeholders.
6. Continuous Model Improvement
There is great need for continuous improvement in order to meet the demands of the
ever-growing market.
7. Scalability and Performance
Engineer the system so it manages large volumes of traffic flow effectively (correspond-
ing to enterprise needs) while dealing with resource management needs during peak
times.
8. Documentation and User Guidance
Develop complete developer documentation and basic user manuals which include ad-
vice and troubleshooting methods for both technical staff and non-technical personnel.
9. Testing and Validation
i. The system features testing of every model component along with its features extrac-
tion elements.
ii. The system will be validated through tests on live database in order to guarantee its
reliability.
iii. The system undergoes stress tests to determine its functioning during maximum
usage situations.

18
4.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Performance
The system Deliver results within ¡2 seconds for product search. The system should
have a conversion rate 2.5 times higher than a site that loads in 5 seconds.
2. Scalability
Different data and information should be collected in order to give users the variety of
data without performance being degraded. This ensures long term-success.
3. Security
To secure an e-commerce website, implement robust measures like SSL certificates,
secure payment gateways, strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, regular security
updates, and compliance with industry standards like PCI DSS.
4. Reliability
Minimizes downtime and errors, recovering quickly from disruptions to stay consistently
available. Maintains to ensure the websites’s security batch.
5. Usability
Usability involves in the response given by the users as they navigate the website and
evaluating the aspects like SEO, Web Score etc.
6. Maintainability
The system will be well designed and documented so that the system future users will
have ease of maintaining and debugging.
7. Payemnt Gateways
The system use either Khalti Wallet or e-Sewa wallet for the payment process.

4.3 Tools Required

19
s.n Name of tools Usage of Tools in Project
1 PHP and HTML The primary programming
language for implementing
web development.
2 CSS For Overall Outlook of the
system.
3 Laravel Framework.
4 Bootstrap Front-end framework
Table 4.1: Software tools

s.n Name of tools Usage of Tools in Project

1 Computer System Multi-core processor (AMD
Ryzen 5)Minimum 512 RAM
and at least 128GB SSD for
storing database and project
files
2 Internet Connection A stable and fast internet con-
nection for accessing the sys-
tem.
4 External Storage An external hard drive or
cloud storage for backing up
large data and project files.
Table 4.2: Hardware Requirements

20
5 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

5.1 Expected Output

Create a user-friendly homepage with highlighted products, a search bar, and simple
navigation. Filter and add-to-cart buttons can be added to product listings. Include
product pages that are thorough and have photographs, descriptions, and customer
testimonials. Create an easy-to-use shopping cart to manage your chosen items. Put
in place a multi-step, secure checkout procedure. Enable user accounts so they may
manage their accounts and order histories. To ensure best viewing on many devices,
make sure your design is responsive. Put security precautions first to secure client data.

5.2 Expected Results

5.2.1 Login Page

Figure 5.1: Login Page

21
5.2.2 Register Page

Figure 5.2: Register Page

5.2.3 Home Page

Figure 5.3: Home Page

22
 A

2024

April May June July August

Draft Proposal 100% complete

Literature Review 75% complete

Proposal Submission
Prepare Slides 100% complete
Estimated Project Schedule

Proposal Defense
Requirement Gathering 90% complete

Data Prepossessing 100% complete

Building Model 100% complete

23
UI Development 60% complete

Mid Report Draft 100% complete

Mid Defense
Model Verification and Validation 60% complete

Documentation
Final Report Draft
Prepare Slides
Report Submission
Final Defense

Figure A.1: Gantt Chart showing Expected Project Timeline.

A.1 Literature Review of Base Paper- I
Author(s)/Source: Dr Shahid Amin & Keshav Kansana
Title: A Research Paper on E-Commerce
Website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304703920_A_Review_Paper_on
_E-Commerce
Publication Date: February 2016 Access Date: May, 2023
Website: researchgate Place: Gwalior India
Volume: 13
Author’s position/theoretical position: Presently working as an Associate Professor in the area of
Management in ITM University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
Keywords: E-Commerce, Internet, Self-service, Technology, Internet banking.)
Important points, notes, quotations Page no
1. E-commerce modernizes developing countries, enhancing output and competitiveness. 4
2. Technology improves industries, including e-commerce’s service impact. 5
3. Success factors: consistency, design, guarantees, mobile, promotions, variety, payments, con-
tent, quality. 7

4. E-commerce challenges: privacy, age targeting, unauthorized sellers, call centers, culture,
regulations. 8
Essential Background Information: Rather e-commerce is more than just another way to boost
the existing business practices. It is leading a complete change in traditional way of doing business.
Overall argument or hypothesis: E-commerce can change the traditional business by providing
easy manageable and paying facilities.
Conclusion:
E-commerce modernizes developing countries, improves industries, and faces challenges with gov-
ernment support for progress.
Supporting Reasons
1. Internet: Crucial for e-commerce growth, facili- 2. Payment gateways: Enables secure online
tates shopping, learning, communication. transactions for e-commerce businesses.
3. Analytics: Gathers, analyzes, reports data for 4. Social media: Marketing, brand building,
informed business decisions. customer engagement, feedback collection.
5. Autonomous vehicles: New e-commerce oppor- 6. 3D printing: Revolutionizes manufacturing
tunities, more online activities for consumers. and e-commerce, sale of digital designs.
Strengths of the line of reasoning and supporting evidence: India’s e-commerce market is likely
to touch 38billionmarkin2016, amassive jumpoverthe23 billion revenues clocked by the industry in
2015, according to an Assocham study.
Flaws in the argument and gaps or other weaknesses in the argument and supporting evidence:
The data might have change now because it was studied in 2016 and time has change a lot for that
reason some information might get wrong.

24
A.2 Literature Review of Base Paper- II
Author(s)/Source: Nur Azimah bt Mohd & Zarul Fitri Zaaba
Title: A Review of Usability and Security Evaluation Model of E-commerce Website
Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050919319441
Publication Date: 2019 Access Date: May, 2023
Website: sciencedirect.com Place: Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Volume: 7
Author’s position/theoretical position: Computer Science student
Keywords: : E-commerce; usability; security
Important points, notes, quotations Page no
1. E-commerce can be defined as usage of computer networks and the Internet to conduct process
such as purchasing, selling, transfer and exchange of services, product and information . 2
2. A vast number of researches in the past evaluates the usability and security of E-commerce
websites by applying the “Technology Acceptance Model” (TAM). 3
3. Mapping the attributes measured by the models into usability dimensions and security features
gives an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of each model. 5
4. potential research direction is to bridge the aforementioned gap to produce one comprehensive
model respectively. 6
Essential Background Information: The advancement of technology in the 21st century have
given rise to the usage of the Internet for commercial purposes.
Overall argument or hypothesis: It states that although the trend of online shopping has shown
immense growth, there is still a low number of online purchases conducted when compared to the
expected number.
Conclusion:
There have been some researches that created models for the analysis of the features of e-commerce
websites, but they provide limited insight and do not include all usability and security components in
the model.
Supporting Reasons
1. Lack of a comprehensive model for evaluating 2. Limited scope with only 11 models reviewed
usability and security of E-commerce websites. within the 2000-2018 timeframe.
3. Existing models focus on select dimensions of 4. Multidimensional nature requires a model
usability, ignoring security and privacy. that connects all components for thorough evalu-
ation.
5. Previous research provides limited insights on 6. Emphasis on developing a comprehensive
E-commerce website features. model to address existing limitations.
Strengths of the line of reasoning and supporting evidence: It describes whether the current
existing models for e-commerce can capture all dimension of usability and security altogether in one
model.
Flaws in the argument and gaps or other weaknesses in the argument and supporting evidence:
The data might have change now because it was studied in 2019 and time has change a lot for that
reason some information might get wrong as compare to today times because new technology can
overcome easily.

25
A.3 Literature Review of Base Paper- III
Author(s)/Source: Yidan Wang
Title: Research on E-commerce Platform of Online Shopping Consumers
Website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357611245_Research_on_E-com
merce_Platform_of_Online_Shopping_Consumers
Publication Date: 2021 Access Date: May, 2023
Website: researchgate Place: Minnesota, United State India
Volume: 5
Author’s position/theoretical position: computer science student
Keywords: E-commerce, marketing strategy, consumer segmentation, collection of comments from
consumers, business analysis.)
Important points, notes, quotations Page no
1. According to A New Marketing Paradigm for Electronic Commerce, Hoffman, Novak and
Chatterjee suggested that a fundamental lack of faith between most online stores and consumers
has prevented people from shopping online or even providing information to web providers in
exchange for access to information . 1
2. It is necessary to find out what factors affect consumer cognition from different perspectives. 2
3. There are no obvious problems with Taobao other than its software design. 2
4. It is not enough for a company to analyze only a portion of consumers, because online shopping
is not limited to a specific group of people. 4
Essential Background Information: Rather e-commerce is more than just another way to boost
the existing business practices. It is leading a complete change in traditional way of doing business.
Overall argument or hypothesis: E-commerce can change the traditional business by providing
easy manageable and paying facilities.
Conclusion:
Through the analysis of internal and external factors, female users usually choose platforms with a
larger variety of products to shop.
Supporting Reasons
1. Female users prefer platforms with more product 2. Women prioritize product quality over price,
variety. regardless of age.
3. Young and middle-aged men focus on product 4. They prefer low-priced digital electronic
quality and after-sales support. products.
5. Older men prioritize cost performance and have 6. Online shopping platforms need improve-
no specific product requirements. ment in software design.
Strengths of the line of reasoning and supporting evidence: The line of reasoning is based on
the analysis of internal and external factors, providing a logical basis for understanding consumer
preferences.
Flaws in the argument and gaps or other weaknesses in the argument and supporting evidence:
Over generalization, Lack of statistical data and limited scope.

26
A.4 Literature Review Base Paper- IV
Author(s)/Source: E. Ogala, A.O. Sylvester
Title: Concept of Web Programming, An Overview of PHP Vol. 1
Website:https://www.ijser.org/onlineResearchPaperViewer.aspx?CONCEPT-OF-W
EB-PROGRAMMING-AN-OVERVIEW-OF-PHP-VOL-1.pdf
Publication Date: 12, December, 2019 Access Date: 20 July, 2023
Journal: International Journal of Scientific and Place: Anyigba, Nigeria
Engineering Research
Volume: 10 Article Number: ISSN 2229-5518
Author’s position/theoretical position: Department of Mathematical Sciences and Computer Sci-
ence, Kogi State University, Anyigb
Keywords: computer programming, computer science, database, host, overview, php, program,
programming, science, server, server side scripting language, structure, web servers)
Important points, notes, quotations Page No.
1. PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage
dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. 2
2. This stack’s performance numbers suggest what many who have been using PHP for some
time now (including some of the busiest blogs on the Web) know to be true — that a pure
LAMP-based PHP system can easily handle enterprise-class traffic and loads. 3
3. PHP can handle application, which ranges from web-based to standalone and this can be
converted fully into an installable format just like every other window application like office
application. 6
Essential Background Information: PHP is an important player in the software development
market. Its popularity with both private software developers and corporate IT departments is having a
growing impact on the market for commercial software as well.
Overall argument or hypothesis: PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML.
It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites.
Conclusion: PHP is a computer language that may be very useful in the building of websites. It is
here to stay, and with so many frameworks available, you can accomplish a lot with this hand tool
and the ultimate result will be fantastic. PHP may administer the program, which can be Web-based
or standalone and is fully translated into an installable format like any other window application
such as the Office program. PHP, like other desktop software like Office Suite, is an excellent
example of translating an application to installable formats. This allows for simple installation of the
Auction Management System on any device, which improves user comfort and allows for more easily
accessible usage without sacrificing capability. User experience is further enhanced by PHP’s ability
to connect easily with databases, allowing for efficient data storage and retrieval to ensure speedier
application performance. By combining the capabilities of PHP with the innovative qualities of an
auction management system, a one-of-a-kind solution will be produced, revolutionizing the way the
users are bidding in the traditional manner.

27
REFERENCES

[1] Kumar Anuj, Fahad Fayaz, and N Kapoor. Impact of e-commerce in indian economy.
Journal of Business and Management, 20(5):59–71, 2018.

[2] A.O. Sylvester E. Ogala. Concept of web programming, an overview of php vol. 1.
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 10, 12 December,2019.

[3] Alemayehu Molla and Paul S. Licker. ecommerce adoption in developing countries:
a model and instrument. Information Management, 42(6):877–899, 2005.

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