Globalisation refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures, and

populations. This phenomenon results from cross-border trade in goods and services,
technological advancements, and the movement of investment, people, and information.
It has affected every section of the society and every sphere of the country that is economic,
political and social. Its relationship on democracy is mixed.
Globalisation promoting democracy:
1. Spread of ideas of the western democracies such as liberty, fraternity, equality,
individuality etc. to the developing countries has made its people demand for democracy
on western lines.
2. Influx of progressive ideals of secularism, equality and justice lead to liberalising of
prejudicial predispositions in a conservative society making it more open, tolerant and
harmonious.
3. Migration of people has raised demands for accommodating the minorities something
which can be done in democracies.
4. Role played by multilateral bodies like UN, World Bank in making countries subscribe to
democratic practices and standards such as good governance is responsible for maturing
of democracies.
5. It brings much needed aid, capital, entrepreneurship and expertize into the struggling
countries, helping them grow faster, reducing poverty and inequality- strengthening
economic democracy.
Globalisation denouncing democracy:
1. As Globalisation makes movement of ideas easier, governments have become more
authoritarian to restrict such flow.
2. In search for global markets, western developed nations establish puppet authoritarian
governments in developing nations.
3. Multinational corporations influence decision making in developing countries especially
the African countries undermining peoples will.
4. Globalisation has promoted only a particular concept of democracy i.e. the western
model, it disregards the variations in developing countries which value different ideals.
5. Supranational bodies such as WTO and UNSC often bind national governments with
their decisions, making them act against the will of the electorate sometimes. This gives
wind to notions of surrender of sovereignty under international pressure.
6. Growth of counter cultural movements because of dilution of traditions and perversion of
traditional social values.
7. It promotes various divides in the society: rural-urban, gender and digital divides, thus
weakening the foundations of social democracy
8. Benefits of globalization have not been evenly spread throughout the society. They have
bypassed the most deprived sections of citizens in countries of the global south e.g.
Tribal, Dalit and rural folk in India.
Globalisation on the whole, has had a mixed relationship with democracy. But experience
suggest that countries which have adopted the ideals of democracy historically have better dealt
with Globalisation whereas others have become subservient to Globalisation.

With globalization, there is a value involved and strengthen the process of democratization
within a country is the truth that cannot be refuted. Democracy in the globalization frame is a
democracy that leads to the global interests. For example, the spirit of transparency, openness,
good governance, development-based public participation (democracy), even up to the concept
of civil society and human rights which is considered as a characteristic of democratization is a
clear example of the impact of globalization.
All the elements feel that they need to promote the democratic values in their space and public
discourse. Each element is already having a strong support to build this democratization.
Because a global world order today is built in order to put forward the values of this
democratization. For example, how labor around the world feel for the same fate as the victim of
groups of capital owners. All this happened because there is globalization. This means that
whoever and wherever individuals and community groups live currently, they feel not hesitate to
take the reference of value outside the boundaries of the area where they are. Globalization has
provided an "openness" of cultural references that are not necessarily bounded to the local values
only. In addition, consciously or unconsciously, many spirits of democratization in its national
order are awakened by the pressure of globalization. Today, an opposition leader in a country
cannot be easily eliminated using the persecution or repressively by the ruler of the country. This
is not because of more awareness to appreciate the differences, but often because of the pressure
triggered by a global world.

Globalisation in India Factors and Causes

The present era of globalisation is promoted and supported by several factors. A few of the factors
which aid the process of globalisation are as follows:

 Economic Reforms: In 1991, India initiated a series of economic reforms that aimed to
liberalise and globalise various sectors of the economy.
o This included reducing trade barriers, deregulating industries, and opening up
avenues for foreign investment.
 Information Technology: India emerged as a global hub for information technology (IT)
and software development.
o The country's skilled workforce and proficiency in English made it an attractive
destination for multinational companies looking to outsource their IT services.
o This led to a significant influx of foreign capital and expertise into the country.
  Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): India has actively sought foreign investment by easing
restrictions on FDI in various sectors.
o This has encouraged multinational corporations to establish a presence in India,
bringing in capital, technology, and managerial expertise.
 World Trade Organization (WTO): WTO lays out rules concerning global trade and sees
that these principles are complied with.
 Infrastructure Development: Investments in infrastructure, including ports, airports, and
transportation networks, have enhanced India's connectivity with the rest of the world.
 Diverse Workforce: India's diverse and skilled labour force has been a major asset in the
Globalisation process.
o The country's workforce is proficient in various industries, including IT,
engineering, healthcare, and other service sectors, making it an attractive
destination for global businesses.
 Cultural Exchange and Soft Power: India's rich cultural heritage, including its cinema,
cuisine, yoga and traditions, has gained international popularity.
o This cultural exchange has helped foster global connections and create
opportunities for Indian products and services in international markets.
 Global Diaspora: The Indian diaspora spread across the globe has played a significant role
in globalizing Indian businesses and culture.
o They have acted as cultural ambassadors, creating networks that facilitate trade,
investment, and cultural exchange.

Globalisation Positive Impact on Indian society

Globalisation has had a profound positive impact on India across various aspects, including
technology, culture, society, education, and women's empowerment.

 Economic Impact: India experienced substantial economic growth through the

Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalisation (LPG) model.
o This policy framework led to a remarkable increase in India’s GDP (for example it
was a 9.7% growth rate inthe fiscal year 2007-2008).
o India has emerged as the fourth-largest market in the world in terms of market
capitalization.
o Globalisation provides consumers worldwide with access to a broader range of
products and services, encouraging industries to innovate and improve quality.
o Developing countries like India benefit from an influx of investments originating
from developed nations, which play a crucial role in fueling economic growth.
 Technological Advancements and Brain Gain: Globalisation has spurred significant
technological progress.
o In developing countries, this progress has led to a reverse brain drain, as skilled
professionals return to their home countries to contribute to technological growth
and development.
 Cultural Impact:
o Globalisation has led to a significant increase in television and internet access in
India. Television access expanded from 20% in 1991 to 90% in 2009.
 o The Globalisation of food chains has brought a wide variety of international
cuisines to India. Restaurants serving global dishes have become popular, allowing
people to have tastes from around the world within the country.
o Indian cities are witnessing the widespread availability of modern technologies,
including the Internet. This has empowered people with access to various digital
tools and platforms.
o The entertainment sector in India, notably Bollywood, has gained global
recognition and a broader market presence. It has expanded its reach and popularity
on the global stage.
 Social Impact:
o Globalisation has exposed Indians to a wider market, broadening their mindsets and
reducing stereotypes about nations, individuals, and communities worldwide.
o The advent of information and communication technologies has increased
awareness about different countries, cultures, and traditions. However, it has also
shifted the focus from traditional values towards consumerism and success.
o Globalisation has contributed to poverty reduction in India. Economic growth and
increased opportunities in sectors like IT have played a role in improving
livelihoods.
 Impact on Education:
o Globalisation has played a role in reducing illiteracy rates in India, leading to a
higher literacy rate.
o It has encouraged collaborations between Indian and foreign universities,
enhancing educational opportunities and opening up new paradigms in the
education system.
o It has bridged the gap between formal and informal learning practices, making
education more accessible and versatile.
 Impact on Women: Globalisation has improved employment conditions for women,
offering better wage balance, flexible working hours, and the ability to balance their roles
at home and in the corporate world.
 Growth of Private or Corporate Sector:
o Globalisation has led to the growth of the private corporate sector. Indian
companies, especially in IT and pharmaceuticals, have expanded their presence in
the global market.
o Increased competition on the global stage has spurred innovation and efficiency
within the private sector.

Globalisation Adverse Effects in India

Though globalisation has proved to be beneficial in several aspects of Indian society, there are a
few negative impacts, posed by globalisation, such as:

 Erosion of Indigenous Crafts and Traditions: Globalisation poses a threat to indigenous

crafts, literary traditions, and knowledge systems.
o Traditional weavers, for instance, face job losses due to their struggle to adapt to
changing consumer preferences.
 Cultural Domination and Loss of Identity: Globalisation can lead to the dominance of
powerful cultures over less powerful ones, resulting in the marginalisation and loss of
cultural identity among certain communities.
o There has been increased objectification of women and crimes against women due
to globalisation.
 Growing Rural-Urban Divide: Globalisation has contributed to rapid urbanisation, with
cities becoming hubs for economic activity and job opportunities. However, this has led to
a growing rural-urban divide, with disparities in access to education, healthcare, and
employment opportunities.
 Income Inequality: It has also exacerbated income inequality. The benefits of Globalisation
have not been evenly distributed, leading to disparities between different socio-economic
groups.
 Homogenization of Culture: Cultural globalisation can lead to a decline in Indian cultural
diversity as various symbols, customs, and beliefs become widespread. This includes the
adoption of celebrations like Christmas or New Year even in non-Christian majority
countries.
 Consumerism: One of the effects of globalisation on Indian society is increased
consumerism. It has changed the fabric of contemporary Indian society and also
contributed to environmental degradation.
o McDonaldization, a global culture, en route to transforming traditional eating
practices, has solidified its roots in India.
 Fragmentation of the Family Unit: Globalisation-driven migration can fragment families,
causing emotional and psychological stress for those left behind.
o The joint family system in India has given way to the nuclear family, impacting
social cohesion.
 Erosion of Traditional Values: Globalisation, particularly the influence of Western norms,
can lead to the erosion of traditional family and marriage values. Customs like showing
deep respect for elders or treating guests as deities are fading.
 Displacement of Tribals: It has led to an increase in cases of tribal displacement, often due
to large-scale infrastructure projects. This threatens the habitat and traditional way of life
for these communities.
 Dominance of Multinational Corporations: There is a concern regarding the immense
power exerted by multinational corporations (MNCs) over nations worldwide. This
dominance can lead to a form of economic colonisation, where the interests of MNCs take
precedence over national priorities.
o Walmartisation is a phenomenon that economically impacts local businesses when
a large company such as Walmart opens a store in the local area. It forces smaller
retail firms out of business and reduces wages for competitors' employees. It has
impacted the Indian economy as well.
 Job Loss: The outsourcing of jobs has led to a significant loss of employment opportunities
in developing nations. This trend has had a direct impact on the livelihoods of many
individuals in these regions.
 Spread of Communicable Diseases: Globalisation has facilitated the rapid spread of
communicable diseases across nations. Example: Covid 19 disease.
o The interconnectedness of the world increases the risk of disease transmission,
necessitating robust international health measures.