Interview questions

3 Plans Plan

1. Assess Your Current Skillset

● What you have:
○ BA in Economics (Hons) and MBA in Operations and Marketing.
○ 3 years of IT experience as a Project Manager.
○ Technical skills in HTML5, CSS3, SCSS, JavaScript, Vue.js, etc.
○ Strong foundational knowledge in operations, marketing, and project
management.
● What you need:
○ Enhance industry-relevant certifications.
○ Build expertise in Agile, Scrum, and other project management
methodologies.
○ Improve communication, leadership, and risk management skills.

Actions:

● Conduct a skills gap analysis using tools like Indeed Career Explorer or LinkedIn
Skills Assessments.

2. Earn Relevant Certifications

Certifications validate your expertise and make you stand out.

● Must-have certifications:
○ Project Management Professional (PMP) by PMI
Link: PMP Certification Guide
○ Certified ScrumMaster (CSM)
Link: CSM Certification Guide
○ PRINCE2 Practitioner (popular in Australia)
Link: PRINCE2 Certification Guide
● Optional certifications:
○ Agile Certified Practitioner (PMI-ACP).
○ ITIL (for IT service management).
○ SAFe Agile Certification.

3. Build a Strong Portfolio

● Document your achievements and projects:
○ Highlight your leadership in sprint planning, high-priority task management,
and mentoring.
○ Use numbers and metrics (e.g., “Led a team of 10, delivered X project 15%
under budget”).
● Use tools like Canva to create a visually appealing resume.
● Build a digital portfolio on LinkedIn or GitHub for projects.
4. Upskill in Tools & Methodologies
Most IT Project Manager roles require proficiency in:

● Project management tools: Jira, Asana, Microsoft Project, Trello.

● Collaboration tools: Slack, Microsoft Teams, Confluence.
● Methodologies: Agile, Waterfall, Scrum, Kanban.

Resources:

● LinkedIn Learning Project Management Courses

● Coursera Project Management Specializations

5. Customize Your Job Applications for the Australian Market

● Tailor your resume and cover letter for Australian employers:
○ Highlight your international experience and adaptability.
○ Mention your familiarity with remote team management.
● Research industries in demand for IT Project Managers in Australia:
○ Healthcare IT, eCommerce, FinTech, and software development.

Resources:

● Australian Government Job Outlook

● Seek Australia Job Listings
● Glassdoor Australia

6. Network Effectively
● Join professional communities:
○ PMI Australia Chapter.
○ Scrum Alliance Meetups.
○ LinkedIn groups like “IT Project Managers Australia.”
● Attend job fairs and webinars to connect with hiring managers.

Tools:

● Eventbrite Australia
● Meetup Australia

7. Prepare for Interviews

● Focus on role-specific questions:
○ How do you manage scope creep?
○ Describe a challenging project and how you delivered it.
○ Experience with Agile/Scrum frameworks.
Resources:

● Mock Interview Practice

● Top Project Manager Interview Questions

8. Apply Strategically
Use job platforms and optimize your profile:

● LinkedIn Jobs
● Indeed Australia
● Hays Recruitment

9. Continuous Learning
● Stay updated on trends and best practices in IT project management.
● Regularly read blogs like:
○ PMI Blog
○ Atlassian Agile Blog

1. General Project Management Terms

1. Project Charter: A document outlining project objectives and stakeholders.
Example: "The project charter specifies the scope and objectives of building a new
CRM system."
2. Project Scope: Defines what is included and excluded in the project.
Example: "The project scope includes developing a web application but excludes
mobile app integration."
3. Project Sponsor: A person or group providing financial resources.
Example: "The IT department's VP is the project sponsor for the ERP
implementation."
4. Stakeholders: Individuals or groups affected by the project.
Example: "Developers, QA testers, and end-users are stakeholders in this project."
5. Deliverables: Tangible or intangible outcomes of the project.
Example: "Deliverables include a functioning website and user training materials."

2. Planning and Scheduling

 6. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): A hierarchical decomposition of tasks.
Example: "The WBS divides tasks into phases like planning, development, testing,
and deployment."
7. Critical Path: The longest sequence of tasks determining the project duration.
Example: "Development and testing lie on the critical path for this project."
8. Gantt Chart: A visual timeline of tasks and milestones.
Example: "We use Gantt charts in MS Project to track task timelines."
9. Milestone: A significant point or event in the project.
Example: "Reaching MVP deployment is a milestone."
10. Resource Allocation: Assigning team members and tools to tasks.
Example: "Allocating 5 developers to the backend module for 4 weeks."

3. Methodologies and Frameworks

11. Agile: An iterative approach to project management.
Example: "Agile sprints are used to develop features every two weeks."
12. Scrum: A framework for Agile development.
Example: "Daily stand-ups and sprint planning are core practices of Scrum."
13. Kanban: A visual framework for managing tasks.
Example: "Using Trello boards to track tasks in progress."
14. Waterfall: A linear project management methodology.
Example: "Requirements, design, development, and testing are done sequentially."
15. PRINCE2: A structured project management methodology.
Example: "Using PRINCE2 principles to govern large-scale IT projects."

4. Risk and Issue Management

16. Risk Register: A document listing potential risks.
Example: "The risk register includes data breaches and vendor delays."
17. Contingency Plan: A plan for addressing potential risks.
Example: "Implementing backups as a contingency for server downtime."
18. Issue Log: A record of problems and their resolutions.
Example: "Tracking system bugs in the issue log during the UAT phase."
19. Mitigation Plan: Steps to reduce risk impact.
Example: "Developing a redundant server to mitigate hosting risks."
20. Residual Risk: Risk remaining after mitigation.
Example: "Even with firewalls, residual risk exists for DDoS attacks."

5. Budgeting and Financials

21. Budget Baseline: Approved project budget.
Example: "The budget baseline is $500,000 for the cloud migration project."
22. Earned Value (EV): Value of completed work.
Example: "If 50% of tasks are done, the EV is $250,000."
23. Planned Value (PV): Estimated value of work planned by a certain time.
Example: "The PV at week 4 is $300,000."
24. Actual Cost (AC): Money spent on the project.
Example: "AC exceeded $200,000 by week 6."
 25. Cost Variance (CV): Difference between EV and AC.
Example: "A CV of -$50,000 indicates overspending."

6. Quality Assurance
26. Quality Metrics: Standards for deliverables.
Example: "Defining metrics like uptime and load time for website performance."
27. Test Plan: A document outlining testing strategies.
Example: "The test plan includes unit tests, integration tests, and UAT."
28. Defect Density: Number of defects per unit of work.
Example: "High defect density indicates quality issues in the codebase."
29. Acceptance Criteria: Conditions for deliverable approval.
Example: "User authentication must meet the specified security criteria."
30. Continuous Integration (CI): Automated integration and testing of code changes.
Example: "CI tools like Jenkins streamline code quality checks."

7. Communication and Collaboration

31. Communication Plan: Guidelines for project communication.
Example: "Weekly status meetings and email updates are part of the communication
plan."
32. RAID Log: Records Risks, Assumptions, Issues, and Dependencies.
Example: "Updating the RAID log helps track unresolved dependencies."
33. Meeting Minutes: Notes summarizing meeting discussions.
Example: "Distributing meeting minutes after sprint reviews."
34. RACI Chart: A responsibility assignment matrix.
Example: "The RACI chart defines who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and
Informed."
35. Escalation Matrix: Defines escalation procedures.
Example: "Unresolved issues are escalated to the project sponsor."

8. Monitoring and Reporting

36. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Metrics for project success.
Example: "KPIs include on-time delivery and defect reduction."
37. Burn Down Chart: Tracks remaining work in Agile.
Example: "The burn-down chart shows progress toward sprint goals."
38. Variance Analysis: Evaluating deviations from the plan.
Example: "Variance analysis shows a 10% delay in feature delivery."
39. Dashboard: A visual display of project metrics.
Example: "Using Power BI dashboards for real-time status tracking."
40. Time Tracking: Monitoring time spent on tasks.
Example: "Tracking hours with tools like Toggl or Jira."

9. Change Management
 41. Change Request: A formal proposal for a project change.
Example: "A change request was submitted to add a mobile app feature."
42. Change Control Board (CCB): Group approving changes.
Example: "The CCB reviews major scope modifications."
43. Impact Analysis: Assessing effects of changes.
Example: "Impact analysis showed extending timelines by 2 weeks."
44. Baseline Change: Adjustment to the approved plan.
Example: "The budget baseline was revised after change approval."
45. Scope Creep: Uncontrolled scope expansion.
Example: "Adding unplanned features led to scope creep."

10. Closure
46. Lessons Learned: Documentation of project successes and failures.
Example: "Lessons learned emphasized improving stakeholder communication."
47. Project Handover: Transferring deliverables to operations.
Example: "The CRM system was handed over to the IT support team."
48. Closeout Report: Summary of project completion.
Example: "The closeout report includes financials and metrics."
49. Sign-Off: Formal approval of deliverables.
Example: "Client sign-off was received after final testing."
50. Post-Mortem: Review of the project after completion.
Example: "The post-mortem identified risks for future projects."

11. Project Documentation

51. Statement of Work (SOW): A detailed description of project deliverables and scope.
Example: "The SOW outlines tasks for migrating legacy systems to the cloud."
52. Project Plan: A formal document defining how the project will be executed.
Example: "The project plan includes timelines, resources, and risk management
strategies."
53. Functional Requirements: Specifications of what the system should do.
Example: "The functional requirements document details login and user
authentication features."
54. Non-Functional Requirements: Performance, security, and reliability specifications.
Example: "The system must handle 10,000 concurrent users with 99.9% uptime."
55. Business Case: Justification for the project, including costs and benefits.
Example: "The business case demonstrates how the CRM will improve sales by
20%."

12. Team Roles

56. Project Manager (PM): Oversees the project.
Example: "The PM ensures tasks are on schedule and within scope."
57. Product Owner: Represents stakeholders in Agile projects.
Example: "The product owner prioritizes the backlog based on business needs."
58. Scrum Master: Facilitates Agile practices.
Example: "The Scrum Master removes blockers during sprints."
59. Business Analyst (BA): Gathers and analyzes requirements.
Example: "The BA interviewed stakeholders to define system workflows."
 60. Development Team: Engineers and coders building the product.
Example: "The dev team is coding the mobile app backend."

13. Scheduling and Time Management

61. Sprint: A time-boxed development cycle in Agile.
Example: "Each sprint lasts two weeks and delivers a shippable product increment."
62. Timebox: Fixed time allocated to an activity.
Example: "Daily stand-ups are time-boxed to 15 minutes."
63. Lead Time: Time from task initiation to completion.
Example: "The lead time for bug fixes is 3 days."
64. Lag Time: Delay between tasks.
Example: "There's a 2-day lag between code deployment and testing."
65. Float (Slack): Extra time a task can take without delaying the project.
Example: "Task A has 3 days of float before impacting the critical path."

14. Agile and Lean Practices

66. Backlog: A prioritized list of work items.
Example: "The development backlog includes feature enhancements and bug fixes."
67. User Stories: Brief descriptions of functionality from an end-user perspective.
Example: "As a user, I want to reset my password so I can regain access to my
account."
68. Epic: A large user story broken into smaller tasks.
Example: "The 'Payment Gateway' epic includes tasks for integration and testing."
69. Minimum Viable Product (MVP): The simplest version of a product that delivers
value.
Example: "The MVP for our app includes basic user registration and profile creation."
70. Retrospective: A meeting to reflect on sprint outcomes.
Example: "The team held a retrospective to identify blockers and improvements."

15. Resource and Team Management

71. Capacity Planning: Estimating team availability for tasks.
Example: "Capacity planning showed that 3 developers could handle the sprint
workload."
72. Resource Leveling: Adjusting resources to avoid overload.
Example: "Resource leveling spread the workload evenly across team members."
73. Team Velocity: Amount of work completed in a sprint.
Example: "The team's velocity increased from 20 to 25 story points."
74. Distributed Teams: Teams working from multiple locations.
Example: "Our distributed team collaborates via Zoom and Slack."
75. Matrix Organization: Structure where team members report to multiple managers.
Example: "Developers report to both the project manager and their functional
manager."
16. Risk and Compliance
76. Risk Appetite: Level of risk an organization is willing to accept.
Example: "The company has a low risk appetite for security breaches."
77. Risk Probability and Impact Matrix: Tool for assessing risk severity.
Example: "The matrix identified high-impact risks like data loss."
78. Compliance Requirements: Adhering to laws and regulations.
Example: "The project complies with GDPR for data protection."
79. Regulatory Risk: Risk of non-compliance with laws.
Example: "Delays in PCI DSS compliance could result in penalties."
80. Audit Trail: A record of project decisions and changes.
Example: "Maintaining an audit trail for financial approvals."

17. Technology-Specific Terms

81. Cloud Migration: Moving services to cloud infrastructure.
Example: "The project involves migrating databases to AWS."
82. DevOps: Combining development and operations for faster delivery.
Example: "Using CI/CD pipelines is a core DevOps practice."
83. Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Managing infrastructure through code.
Example: "Terraform scripts automate IaC for AWS services."
84. Microservices Architecture: A design approach for modular applications.
Example: "The e-commerce platform uses microservices for inventory and
payments."
85. Data Governance: Managing data access, quality, and security.
Example: "Data governance policies ensure only authorized users access sensitive
data."

18. Performance and Metrics

86. OKRs (Objectives and Key Results): Goals and measurable outcomes.
Example: "The objective is to improve uptime, with a key result of achieving 99.99%
availability."
87. Service-Level Agreement (SLA): Contract specifying service standards.
Example: "The SLA guarantees 24/7 support with a response time of 1 hour."
88. KPIs (Key Performance Indicators): Metrics for success.
Example: "KPIs include defect resolution within 24 hours."
89. Cycle Time: Time to complete a task from start to finish.
Example: "Cycle time for feature development is 5 days."
90. Throughput: Number of tasks completed in a period.
Example: "The team's throughput is 10 user stories per sprint."

19. Miscellaneous Terms

91. Scrum of Scrums: A scaled Agile meeting format.
Example: "Multiple teams held a Scrum of Scrums to align their progress."
92. Hybrid Project Management: Combining Agile and Waterfall.
Example: "Using Waterfall for planning and Agile for execution."
 93. Dependency: A relationship where one task depends on another.
Example: "Feature testing depends on development completion."
94. Constraint: Limitations like time, budget, or resources.
Example: "The project must launch within 3 months, a critical constraint."
95. Program Management: Managing a group of related projects.
Example: "Overseeing the CRM upgrade and mobile app development under one
program."

20. Change and Configuration Management

96. Configuration Management: Tracking and controlling changes in project artifacts.
Example: "Using Git for version control of the codebase."
97. Baseline: An approved version of a project plan or document.
Example: "The schedule baseline was set at the start of the project."
98. Version Control: Managing changes to documents and code.
Example: "We use GitHub for version control to track code updates."
99. Rollback: Reverting to a previous configuration or version.
Example: "The team performed a rollback after the deployment failed."
100. Configuration Item (CI): Any component tracked in configuration
management.
Example: "The server and database schema are considered CIs."

21. Advanced Metrics and Analysis

101. Schedule Variance (SV): Difference between planned and actual schedule.
Example: "The SV of -5 days shows the project is behind schedule."
102. Cost Performance Index (CPI): A measure of cost efficiency.
Example: "A CPI of 1.2 indicates the project is under budget."
103. Schedule Performance Index (SPI): A measure of schedule efficiency.
Example: "An SPI of 0.9 means the project is slightly delayed."
104. Burndown Velocity: Rate of completing tasks in a sprint.
Example: "The team's burndown velocity is 10 story points per day."
105. Planned Effort vs. Actual Effort: Comparing estimated and real-time spent.
Example: "The planned effort was 50 hours, but the actual effort reached 60 hours."

22. Tools and Platforms

106. Jira: A tool for Agile project management.
Example: "The team tracks sprints and bugs in Jira."
107. Trello: A Kanban-style project management tool.
Example: "Trello boards organize our to-do, in-progress, and done tasks."
108. Asana: A task management tool for teams.
Example: "We assign tasks and monitor deadlines in Asana."
109. Microsoft Project: A scheduling tool for large-scale projects.
Example: "Microsoft Project helps us manage timelines and dependencies."
110. Slack: A communication platform for teams.
Example: "The team uses Slack channels for daily updates."
23. Testing and Validation
111. Unit Testing: Testing individual components or modules.
Example: "Developers perform unit testing on login functionality."
112. Integration Testing: Testing combined modules for interoperability.
Example: "Integration testing ensures payment gateway works with the shopping
cart."
113. System Testing: Testing the entire system as a whole.
Example: "System testing verified the web app’s performance under load."
114. User Acceptance Testing (UAT): End-user validation of the system.
Example: "The client conducted UAT before approving the final release."
115. Regression Testing: Ensuring new changes don’t break existing
functionality.
Example: "Regression testing was performed after adding a new feature."

24. Leadership and Stakeholder Management

116. Servant Leadership: A leadership style focused on serving the team.
Example: "The Scrum Master practices servant leadership by removing blockers."
117. Influence Diagram: A visual representation of dependencies and influencers.
Example: "The influence diagram highlighted the key stakeholder's impact on
timelines."
118. Stakeholder Analysis: Identifying and assessing stakeholder influence and
interest.
Example: "Stakeholder analysis categorized users into primary and secondary
groups."
119. Engagement Plan: Strategy to involve stakeholders in the project.
Example: "Regular stakeholder meetings are part of the engagement plan."
120. Conflict Resolution: Techniques for resolving disputes.
Example: "Conflict resolution strategies included mediation during resource
allocation."

25. Integration and Deployment

121. Continuous Deployment (CD): Automating the release of code to
production.
Example: "CD ensures that new features are deployed as soon as they pass testing."
122. Release Management: Planning and overseeing the release of software.
Example: "Release management ensures smooth handover from development to
operations."
123. Blue-Green Deployment: A strategy for seamless updates.
Example: "Blue-green deployment minimized downtime during the version upgrade."
124. Rollback Plan: A contingency plan for failed deployments.
Example: "A rollback plan was activated due to database errors post-deployment."
125. Integration Testing Environment (ITE): A testing setup replicating
production.
Example: "ITE caught bugs before deployment to the live environment."
26. Emerging Trends
126. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PM: Using AI for predictive analytics and
automation.
Example: "AI tools predict project delays based on historical data."
127. Blockchain in PM: Using blockchain for transparent transactions and
records.
Example: "Blockchain ensures secure project budget tracking."
128. Internet of Things (IoT): Leveraging connected devices in projects.
Example: "IoT sensors monitored server performance during testing."
129. Digital Twin: Virtual representation of physical systems.
Example: "Digital twins were used to simulate network performance before
deployment."
130. Hyperautomation: Combining AI and RPA for task automation.
Example: "Hyperautomation tools streamlined manual reporting processes."

27. Miscellaneous Terms

131. Assumptions Log: A record of project assumptions.
Example: "Assumptions include uninterrupted vendor support."
132. Feasibility Study: Analysis of project viability.
Example: "The feasibility study showed high ROI for the SaaS product."
133. Procurement Management: Managing project purchases.
Example: "Procurement management handled vendor contracts for cloud services."
134. Knowledge Transfer (KT): Sharing critical project information.
Example: "KT sessions ensured smooth handover to the operations team."
135. PMO (Project Management Office): A centralized team for PM governance.
Example: "The PMO sets project management standards for the organization."

The Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a systematic process to test a software
application to ensure its quality and functionality. It includes multiple phases that ensure the
software is tested thoroughly before deployment. Here's a detailed explanation:

1. Requirement Analysis
Objective: Understand what needs to be tested.
Activities:

● Study and analyze the requirements from the Software Requirement Specification
(SRS) or Business Requirement Document (BRD).
● Identify testable requirements (functional and non-functional).
● Engage with stakeholders (e.g., business analysts, product owners) to resolve
ambiguities.
● Define entry and exit criteria for testing.
● Identify test environment needs.

Deliverables:
 ● Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM): Maps requirements to test cases.
● Clarified and documented queries.

2. Test Planning
Objective: Define the testing strategy, scope, and resources.
Activities:

● Prepare the Test Plan document outlining the testing strategy.

● Estimate testing effort and define resource allocation.
● Determine the tools and environment needed for testing.
● Identify risks and mitigation strategies.
● Schedule testing activities.

Deliverables:

● Test Plan document.

● Effort estimation.
● Risk mitigation plan.

3. Test Case Development

Objective: Create detailed test cases for identified requirements.
Activities:

● Write test cases for both positive and negative scenarios.

● Prioritize test cases based on critical functionality.
● Create test data (if applicable).
● Review test cases for completeness and correctness.

Deliverables:

● Test cases/scripts.
● Test data.

4. Test Environment Setup

Objective: Prepare the testing environment to execute test cases.
Activities:

● Set up hardware, software, and network configurations as per the test plan.
● Install required applications, tools, and databases.
● Verify the readiness of the test environment.
● Perform a smoke test to ensure the environment is stable.

Deliverables:

● Test environment setup report.

 ● Smoke test results.

5. Test Execution
Objective: Execute test cases and identify defects.
Activities:

● Execute test cases as per the test plan.

● Record actual results and compare them with expected results.
● Log defects in a defect tracking tool (e.g., JIRA, Bugzilla).
● Retest and regression test after defect fixes.
● Update the Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) to track test coverage.

Deliverables:

● Test execution reports.

● Defect reports.
● Updated RTM.

6. Defect Reporting and Tracking

Objective: Manage defects identified during testing.
Activities:

● Categorize defects based on severity and priority.

● Track the lifecycle of each defect (New → Assigned → Fixed → Retested →
Closed).
● Communicate defects to developers and stakeholders.
● Conduct defect triage meetings to prioritize fixes.

Deliverables:

● Defect log.
● Defect lifecycle reports.

7. Test Closure
Objective: Wrap up testing activities and assess the process.
Activities:

● Evaluate test coverage and completeness.

● Prepare a test summary report with metrics like defects found, resolved, and test
cases executed.
● Archive test cases, test data, and defect reports for future reference.
● Conduct a retrospective to analyze lessons learned.
● Provide final approval for deployment (if testing objectives are met).

Deliverables:
 ● Test Summary Report.
● Final RTM.
● Test closure memo.

Phases with Their Associated Entry and Exit Criteria

Phase Entry Criteria Exit Criteria

Requirement SRS or BRD available. Testable requirements identified

Analysis Stakeholders identified. and documented.

Test Planning Requirements analyzed. Testing Test Plan finalized and approved.
tools identified.

Test Case Approved Test Plan and Test cases reviewed and ready
Development requirements available. for execution.

Test Environment Test environment requirements Environment set up and

Setup defined. validated.

Test Execution Test cases and environment All test cases executed. Defects
ready. logged.

Test Closure Testing activities completed. Test Summary Report and final
RTM delivered.

Testing Types Covered in STLC

1. Unit Testing: Testing individual components.
2. Integration Testing: Testing combined modules.
3. System Testing: Testing the complete system.
4. Acceptance Testing: Validating the system with end-users.
5. Regression Testing: Ensuring changes don’t break existing functionality.

Common Tools Used in STLC

 ● Test Management Tools: TestRail, Zephyr.
● Defect Tracking Tools: JIRA, Bugzilla.
● Automation Tools: Selenium, Cypress.
● Performance Testing Tools: JMeter, LoadRunner.
● CI/CD Tools: Jenkins, GitLab.

Example Workflow
Scenario: Testing an e-commerce website.

1. Requirement Analysis:
○ Identify testable features: Product search, add to cart, checkout.
2. Test Planning:
○ Define tools (e.g., Selenium for automation).
○ Estimate 4 weeks for testing.
3. Test Case Development:
○ Write test cases for login, product search, and checkout.
4. Environment Setup:
○ Deploy staging environment mirroring production.
5. Test Execution:
○ Execute test cases. Log a defect for payment gateway failure.
6. Defect Tracking:
○ Monitor defect fix and retest functionality.
7. Test Closure:
○ Generate reports, highlight 95% test coverage, and approve for release.

Would you like examples of specific test cases, tools, or templates?

4o

You said:

yes

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Here’s a detailed example of test cases, tools, and a template used in the Software
Testing Life Cycle (STLC).

Example Test Cases

Scenario 1: Testing a Login Functionality
 Test Test Case Test Steps Expected Actual Statu
Case Description Result Result s
ID

TC_001 Verify user can 1. Navigate to the User is User Pass

log in with valid login page redirected to the logged in
credentials dashboard
2. Enter valid
username and
password

3. Click the login

button

TC_002 Verify login fails 1. Navigate to the Error message: Error Pass
with incorrect login page "Invalid message
credentials credentials" is shown
2. Enter invalid displayed
username/password

3. Click the login

button

TC_003 Verify "Forgot 1. Click "Forgot Password reset Email Pass

Password" Password" link is sent to received
functionality the email
2. Enter registered
email

3. Check email for

reset link and set a
new password

Scenario 2: Testing an E-commerce Checkout Flow

Test Test Case Test Steps Expected Result Actual Statu

Case ID Description Result s

TC_101 Verify adding 1. Search for a Product is added to Product Pass

items to the cart product the cart, and cart added
count increases
2. Select a
product
 3. Click "Add to
Cart"

TC_102 Verify checkout 1. Proceed to Payment is Order Pass

process with valid checkout processed, and confirmed
credit card order confirmation
2. Enter displayed
shipping details

3. Enter valid
credit card
information

4. Confirm
order

TC_103 Verify error 1. Proceed to Error message: Error Pass

handling for checkout "Invalid card details" message
invalid credit card displayed shown
2. Enter
shipping details

3. Enter invalid
credit card
information

4. Confirm
order

Example Test Tools

1. Test Management Tools:
○ TestRail: Used for planning, writing, and managing test cases.
○ Zephyr: Integrates with Jira for end-to-end test management.
○ qTest: Helps teams organize test cases and track results.
2. Defect Tracking Tools:
○ JIRA: Widely used for bug tracking and Agile project management.
○ Bugzilla: Lightweight tool for logging and tracking defects.
○ MantisBT: An open-source bug-tracking system.
3. Automation Testing Tools:
○ Selenium: For automating web applications.
○ Cypress: Modern automation testing tool for web apps.
○ Appium: Used for automating mobile applications.
4. Performance Testing Tools:
○ Apache JMeter: Used for load and stress testing.
○ LoadRunner: Enterprise-level tool for performance testing.
○ Gatling: Open-source load-testing framework.
 5. CI/CD Tools:
○ Jenkins: Integrates automated tests into continuous integration pipelines.
○ GitLab CI/CD: Streamlines testing and deployment workflows.

Test Case Template

Below is a generic template you can use to document your test cases.

Field Description

Test Case ID Unique identifier for the test case (e.g., TC_001).

Test Case Title Brief title summarizing the test objective (e.g., "Verify successful
login with valid credentials").

Test Case Detailed explanation of what the test will validate.

Description

Preconditions List of pre-requisites before executing the test (e.g., "User account
must exist").

Test Steps Step-by-step actions to execute the test.

Test Data Specific data inputs required for the test (e.g., username, password).

Expected Result The anticipated outcome of the test steps.

Actual Result Observed result after test execution.

Status Pass/Fail based on comparison of expected and actual results.

Comments Additional observations or notes.

Example Filled Template

Field Example Value

Test Case ID TC_001

Test Case Title Verify successful login with valid credentials

Test Case Ensure that a registered user can log in using a valid username
Description and password.

Preconditions User account with valid credentials exists.

Test Steps 1. Navigate to the login page.

2. Enter a valid username and password.

3. Click the login button.

Test Data Username: testuser

Password: Test@123

Expected Result User is successfully redirected to the dashboard.

Actual Result User logged in and redirected to the dashboard.

Status Pass

Comments None
Would You Like:
● A downloadable test case document in Excel or Word format?
● Examples of performance or regression test scenarios?
● Additional guidance on using specific tools like Selenium or JIRA?

Brief Overview of Requirements Gathering Methods for IT Project

Managers:
1. Interviews: One-on-one conversations with stakeholders to gather detailed
information.
2. Surveys/Questionnaires: Written forms to collect feedback from a large group.
3. Workshops: Collaborative sessions where stakeholders and team members discuss
needs.
4. Brainstorming: Group activity to generate creative ideas and solutions.
5. Focus Groups: Small groups of stakeholders discuss requirements.
6. Document Analysis: Reviewing existing documents to understand requirements.
7. Observation: Directly observing users to understand their workflow and needs.
8. Prototyping: Creating an early model to gather feedback on requirements.
9. Use Cases/Scenarios: Describing how users will interact with the system.
10. Joint Application Development (JAD): Structured meetings with users and
stakeholders to define system requirements.

Detailed Explanation of Requirements Gathering Methods for IT Project

Managers:
1. Interviews:
○ Description: PMs conduct one-on-one interviews with stakeholders, subject
matter experts (SMEs), or end-users to gather specific requirements.
○ Pros: Personalized, detailed information; immediate feedback.
○ Cons: Time-consuming, requires skilled interviewers.
2. Surveys/Questionnaires:
○ Description: Surveys or questionnaires are distributed to a large number of
users or stakeholders to gather quantitative and qualitative data.
○ Pros: Efficient for large groups; can be anonymous.
○ Cons: Limited depth, response bias.
3. Workshops:
○ Description: Facilitated group sessions where stakeholders, developers, and
users collaborate to identify requirements.
○ Pros: Builds consensus, fosters collaboration, immediate clarification.
○ Cons: Time-consuming, may be dominated by a few voices.
4. Brainstorming:
○ Description: A group of stakeholders or team members generate ideas and
solutions in an open environment, encouraging creativity.
○ Pros: Generates diverse ideas, encourages innovation.
○ Cons: Ideas may lack focus, can be unproductive without structure.
5. Focus Groups:
○ Description: A small group of stakeholders, typically representing end-users,
provide feedback and discuss potential solutions.
○ Pros: Gathers detailed insights, interactive discussion.
○ Cons: May not be representative of the larger user base.
6. Document Analysis:
 ○ Description: Reviewing existing documentation such as business plans,
reports, and existing systems to understand current requirements or
challenges.
○ Pros: Inexpensive, identifies existing gaps or needs.
○ Cons: May be outdated or incomplete.
7. Observation:
○ Description: PMs observe users interacting with current systems or
performing tasks to identify inefficiencies and requirements.
○ Pros: Provides real-time insights into user behavior and workflows.
○ Cons: Can be intrusive, requires access to users’ work environments.
8. Prototyping:
○ Description: A preliminary model or mock-up of the system is created to
gather feedback and refine requirements iteratively.
○ Pros: Provides tangible visual representation, clarifies misunderstandings
early.
○ Cons: Can lead to scope creep, time-consuming to build prototypes.
9. Use Cases/Scenarios:
○ Description: Describes the interactions between the system and users under
various scenarios, illustrating system behavior.
○ Pros: Helps clarify system requirements and user needs.
○ Cons: May not cover all edge cases.
10. Joint Application Development (JAD):
○ Description: A facilitated, structured process where users, stakeholders, and
IT staff meet to discuss and define system requirements, typically in a series
of workshops.
○ Pros: Fast-tracks decision-making, involves all stakeholders.
○ Cons: Expensive, requires skilled facilitators.

Each of these methods can be used alone or in combination, depending on the project’s
complexity, timeline, and available resources. Selecting the right method often depends on
the stakeholders’ availability, project scope, and desired outcomes.

4o mini

You said:

Provide template with examples and format

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

Here’s a template with examples and formats for various requirements gathering methods
that a Project Manager (PM) can use to gather IT requirements:

1. Interview Template
Objective: To gather in-depth, qualitative insights from stakeholders.

Field Details
 Stakeholder Name John Doe, Marketing Manager

Role Stakeholder representing the marketing department.

Interview Date 2024-12-15

Interview Objectives Understand user needs for the marketing automation tool.

Questions 1. What are the top 3 challenges you face with the current
marketing tool?

2. What additional features would improve your workflow?

3. How frequently do you use the tool?

Stakeholder's "The current tool doesn't integrate well with our email system."
Feedback

"We need a dashboard that visualizes campaign performance in

real-time."

2. Survey/Questionnaire Template
Objective: To gather quantitative and qualitative data from a larger group.

Field Details

Survey Title Marketing Automation Tool Feedback

Survey Date 2024-12-20

 Target Audience Marketing team members and stakeholders.

Questionnaire Likert scale (Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree) and open-ended

Type questions.

Questions 1. How satisfied are you with the current tool? (1 - Very Dissatisfied, 5
- Very Satisfied)

2. What features do you wish the new tool would have? (Open-ended)

3. How often do you face difficulties with the current system? (1 -

Never, 5 - Always)

Results 50% of respondents rated satisfaction as 3/5. Most requested

Summary features: Email integration, advanced reporting.

3. Workshop Template
Objective: To bring stakeholders together to collaborate and refine requirements.

Field Details

Workshop Title Marketing Automation Tool Requirements Workshop

Workshop Date 2024-12-18

Participants 6 stakeholders from marketing, IT, and operations teams.

Agenda 1. Introduction and goal setting (10 minutes)

 2. Discuss current tool limitations (30 minutes)

3. Brainstorm and list desired features (40 minutes)

Workshop Identified key features: Email integration, AI-driven campaign

Outcomes insights.

Agreed on minimum viable product (MVP) features.

4. Use Case Template

Objective: To describe how users will interact with the system.

Field Details

Use Case ID UC001 - User Login

Use Case User logs into the marketing automation tool.

Name

Primary Actor Marketing Team Member

Preconditions User must have an active account and access credentials.

Main Flow 1. User navigates to the login page.

2. User enters username and password.

3. System validates credentials and grants access.

Alternate Flow 1. If credentials are incorrect, the system displays an error
message.

Postconditions User is logged into the system and directed to the dashboard.

Business User account is locked after 3 failed login attempts.

Rules

5. Document Analysis Template

Objective: To analyze existing documentation for system requirements.

Field Details

Document Marketing Automation Tool Current System Overview

Name

Document 2024-12-10
Date

Source IT Department

Document System Architecture Diagram and Requirements Specification

Type

Analysis The current system lacks integration with CRM tools, leading to data
Summary silos. The system also doesn’t support multi-language campaigns.

Identified 1. Need for CRM integration.

Gaps

2. Lack of multi-language support for global campaigns.

6. Prototyping Template
Objective: To create a prototype or mock-up of the system for feedback.

Field Details

Prototype Name Marketing Dashboard Prototype

Prototype Date 2024-12-22

Purpose To demonstrate key features of the marketing automation tool.

Prototype A clickable prototype showing the campaign performance dashboard,

Description with charts and email integration preview.

Feedback Stakeholders liked the dashboard design but requested adding email
Received campaign data and more filter options.

7. Focus Group Template

Objective: To gather qualitative feedback from a group of stakeholders.

Field Details

Focus Group Marketing Team Focus Group

Name

Focus Group 2024-12-25

Date

Participants 5 marketing team members, 1 IT support representative.

 Discussion 1. Challenges faced with the current marketing system.
Topics

2. What improvements would help meet current needs?

Insights Most participants expressed a need for better reporting tools and a
more user-friendly interface.

Conclusion
These templates are designed to organize and structure your requirements gathering
process effectively. You can adapt these formats based on the specific context of your
project, the stakeholders involved, and the type of IT system being developed.