KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE
FUCULTY OF NURSING
PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
MODULE NAME: PHARMACOLOGY PAPER CODE: PHM 1203
DATE: TIME 3HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
1. ENTER YOUR EXAMINATIONNUMBER on every sheet of paper used
2. READ THE QUESTIONS carefully and answer only WHAT IS ASKED
3. FOR MULTIPE CHOICE QUESTIONS write the correct answer in
CAPITAL LETTERS
4. FOR SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS follow the instruction given by
the invigilator
5. FOR LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS answer each question on a separate
sheet of paper
6. Omission of/and or wrong numbering of question or part of question will
result in 10% deduction of the marks scored from relevant part
7. Mobile phones and smart watches are NOT allowed in the
examination hall
PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS) 20 MARKS
1. The antidote for paracetamol is?
A. Naltrexone
B. Urea
C. Mucomyst
D. Naloxone
2. Which laboratory value would indicate acetaminophen toxicity
A. A blood urea nitrogen of 60 mg/dl
B. Total bilirubin of 1.5mg/dl
C. Alkaline phosphatase of 120 IU/L
D. Direct bilirubin of 0.3 mg/dl
3. An early sign of aspirin toxicity
A. Unsteady gait
B. Drowsiness
C. Confusion
D. Tinnitus
4. Side effects of codeine as analgesic is
A. Hypertension
B. Urinary frequency
C. Constipation
D. Hyperactivity
5. Mannitol is contraindicated to which conditions? Select all that apply.
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Narrow angle glaucoma
C. Heart failure
D. Chemotherapy
6. A client who is human immuno-deficiency virus seropositive has been taking
saquinavir. The nurse provides medication instructions and advises the client to:
A. Take the medication in the morning
B. Include a low fat diet
C. Weight gain is expected
D. Avoid being exposed to sunlight
7. The major side effect for stavudine is:
A. Poor orientation
B. Lack of gag reflex
C. Lack of appetite
D. Poor gait
8. Which drug should a nurse administer following penicillin allergic reaction?
A. Aminophylline
B. Albuterol
C. Prednisolone
D. Pulmicort
9. Amikin is given to a client with E-Coli infection. The nurse advises the client to
report which of the following symptoms immediately?
A. Muscle pain
B. Constipation
C. Fatigue
D. Hearing loss
10. Cephalexin belongs to which generation of cephalosporins ?
A. 1st generation
B. 2nd generation
C. 3rd generation
D. 4th generation
11. Which drug should a nurse administer prior to amphotericin B administration in
order to prevent its side effects:
A. Hydrocortisone
B. Ketoconozole
C. Piriton
D. Meperidine
12. Which instruction should you give to a client taking ciprofloxacin for the
treatment of gonorrhea:
A. Take it with enough water
B. Resume daily exercise such as biking
C. Report any history of tendon problems
D. Take an antacid 30 minutes prior
13. Select two side effects that are associated with tetracycline:
A. Glossitis
B. Tremors
C. Urinary frequency
D. Discoloration of nails
14. The name selected by the original manufacturer based on the chemical structure
of the drug is the:
A. Chemical name
B. Drug name
C. Generic name
D. Trade name
15. The interaction of one drug increased by the presence of a second drug is known
as:
A. Addictive effects
B. Agonism
C. Synergism
D. Potentiation
16. Drug distribution is affected by which of the following:
A. Protein binding
B. Lipid binding
C. Biotransformation
D. Excretion
17. When performing an assessment to determine which medications can be used,
which of the following elements is most important:
A. Physical examination
B. Allergies
C. Presence of illness
D. Weight
18. As a well-rounded health worker, you know that corticosteroid therapy is
indicated in all of the following conditions except?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Systemic lupus erythematous
D. Acute spinal cord injury
19. To minimize the risks associated with ibuprofen is to give by:
A. IV
B. Orange juice
C. Plenty water
D. With meals
20. Immediate side effect to report following a cromolyn sodium is:
A. Sore throat
B. Drowsiness
C. Wheezing
D. Hypotension
PART 2: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1. Define the following terms (4 marks)
a) Pharmacology
b) Pharmacognosy
c) Idiosyncratic reactions
d) Dependence
2. Deduce how body correlates with drugs (5 marks)
3. In order of priority, formulate any five nursing diagnosis for clients taking NSAIDS
and anticoagulants (5 marks)
4. Critique in order of sequence three special categories where a nurse can offer ante-
retroviral (ARV’s) by citing examples of ARV’s (5 marks)
5. Explain antitumor antibiotics highlighting examples and side effects ( 5 marks)
6. Explain five principles guiding selection of cytotoxic drugs (5 marks)
7. Write short notes on non-selective cox-inhibitors (8 marks)
8. State four coagulants (4 marks)
PART 3: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
1) Master “Welcome” with 30 Kilograms was admitted in the medical ward with a
diagnosis of severe ankle edema and Urinary tract infection. She was put on IV
metronidazole and some drugs to reduce ankle edema (20 marks)
a) Classify metronidazole ( 1 mark)
b) State any five classes of drugs that Master Welcome can be given to reduce
ankle edema by citing example in each category (5marks)
c) Calculate the age of master Welcome? (2marks)
d) Calculate the amount of metronidazole that master Welcome need to be given
for curbing urinary tract infection by demonstrating your work up. (4marks)
e) Formulate any five nursing interventions following administration of
metronidazole and drugs used to reduce edema (5marks)
f) State any three side effects following both drugs administration (3marks)
2. Describe the various classes of bronchodilators (20 marks)
MARKING KEY PHARMACOLOGY 1 KRN/MH
MCQ’s 20 marks
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. A, C
6. D
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. A, D
14. C
15. D
16. A
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. C
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. 1 mark each
a Pharmacology is the study of effects of chemical substances on the function of
living systems.
b. Pharmacognosy: the study of drugs that come from natural sources e.g. plants,
animals and minerals as well as search for new drugs from natural sources.
c. Idiosyncratic reactions: this is genetically determined, un expected response to a
drug. The response may take the form of extreme sensitivity to low doses or extreme
insensitivity to high doses to the drug.
• d. Dependence: A state arising from repeated periodic or continuous administration of
a drug that results in harm to the individual or sometimes society. People feel desire or
compulsion to continue using the drug and feel ill if abruptly withdrawn or an antidote
is used. Substance that cause dependence are taken to induce a good feelings or avoid
discomfort of their absence.
2. 4 marks
i. Absorption
ii. Distribution
iii. Metabolism
iv. Elimination
3.
Knowledge deficit
