MODULE-3

BIO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

TOPICS INCLUDED
Innovations in Energy (Termite mound inspired
shopping malls)
Innovations in Resource-Air (purification,
filtration)
Dew water collection systems
Water purification
Desalination
Management of spaces
Designs for megastructures
INNOVATIONS IN ENERGY
(TERMITE MOUND INSPIRED SHOPPING
MALLS)
INNOVATIONS IN ENERGY
(TERMITE MOUND INSPIRED SHOPPING MALLS)
Termites in Zimbabwe build gigantic mounds inside of which they farm a
fungus that is their primary food source.
The fungus must be kept at exactly 87 degrees F, while the temperatures
outside range from 35 degrees F at night to 104 degrees F during the day.
The termites achieve this remarkable feat by constantly opening and closing a
series of heating and cooling vents throughout the mound over the course of
the day.
With a system of carefully adjusted convection currents, air is sucked in at the
lower part of the mound, down into enclosures with muddy walls, and up
through a channel to the peak of the termite mound.
The industrious termites constantly dig new vents and plug up old ones in
order to regulate the temperature.
TERMITES…
Termite mounds are remarkable structures built by these tiny insects in arid
regions, serving as their homes.
What makes termite mounds so intriguing is their ability to regulate
temperature and humidity within the mound, creating a stable and
comfortable environment for the termites.
This natural phenomenon has inspired architects and engineers to explore
how these principles can be applied to human-made structures, including
shopping malls
The Eastgate Centre, largely made of concrete, has a ventilation
system which operates in a similar way.
It has 5,600 m² of retail space, 26,000 m² of office space, and
parking for 450 cars
Outside air that is drawn in is either warmed or cooled by the
building mass depending on which is hotter, the building concrete
or the air.
It is then vented into the building’s floors and offices before
exiting via chimneys at the top.
The complex also consists of two buildings side by side that are
separated by an open space that is covered by glass and open to
the local breezes.
BENEFITS
The Eastgate Centre uses less than 10% of the energy of a
conventional building its size.
Eastgate’s owners have saved $3.5 million alone because of an
air-conditioning system that did not have to be implemented.
Outside of being eco-efficient and better for the environment,
these savings also trickle down to the tenants whose rents are 20
percent lower than those of occupants in the surrounding
buildings.
INNOVATIONS IN RESOURCE-AIR
(PURIFICATION, FILTRATION)
Innovations in resource-air purification and filtration
have seen significant advancements in recent years,
driven by the increasing awareness of air quality
concerns and the need to address environmental
challenges.
These innovations have the potential to improve the
quality of the air we breathe and have a positive impact
on public health and the environment.
Nanotechnology Applications:
Played a crucial role in the development of advanced air
purification and filtration systems.
Nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide and carbon
nanotubes, have been used to create highly efficient
filters.
These materials can capture and break down pollutants
at the molecular level, providing improved air quality
and reducing the release of harmful compounds into the
atmosphere.
SMART AND IOT-ENABLED DEVICES
Innovations in air purification and filtration include the
integration of smart and Internet of Things (IoT)
technologies.
These devices can monitor air quality in real-time and
adjust their operation accordingly.
Users can control these systems remotely through their
smartphones, ensuring that indoor air remains clean
and healthy. These innovations not only enhance
convenience but also enable efficient energy usage.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
Electrostatic precipitators are advanced filtration systems that
use electric charges to remove particles from the air.
They are highly effective in capturing even the smallest particles,
including fine dust and pollutants.
The development of smaller and more efficient electrostatic
precipitators has made the
More accessible for residential use.
UV-C AND PHOTO CATALYTIC
OXIDATION
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light and photo catalytic oxidation have
gained popularity for their ability to eliminate airborne
pathogens, including viruses and bacteria.
UV-C lamps and photo catalytic coatings can be integrated into
air purifiers and HVAC systems, providing an extra layer of
protection against biological contaminants.
NATURAL AND GREEN SOLUTIONS
In addition to technological innovations, there is a growing
interest in natural and green air purification methods.
This includes the use of indoor plants, which can help remove
certain pollutants and improve air quality.
Additionally, developments in bioremediation technologies
harness the power of microorganisms to break down pollutants in
the air.
AIR FILTRATION IN HIGH-RISK
ENVIRONMENTS
Innovations in air filtration have extended beyond residential and
commercial settings to high-risk environments such as hospitals
and laboratories.
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, antimicrobial
coatings, and specialized ventilation systems have become
essential tools for maintaining clean and sterile air in these
critical spaces
Portable and Wearable Devices
The development of portable and wearable air purification devices has allowed
individuals to carry clean air with them wherever they go.
These compact devices can be worn as masks or carried in bags, offering personal
protection against pollutants, allergens, and pathogens.

Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Filtration

Eco-friendly filtration materials and sustainable design principles are increasingly
being incorporated into air purification systems.
Biodegradable filters and systems that consume minimal energy are becoming
more popular, aligning with the global focus on reducing the environmental
footprint of such technologies