CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction

Education is the most important thing in our life. It improves our knowledge skills and develops the
overall personality and attitude. It brings a great change in our life. It makes our life prosperous and
meaningful. It is the foundation of human development. It prepares us to face the world. It is said that
education is the third eye of human being. Education teachers us to be polity when you are educated
you, now, when to speak and when to remain silence. Education is the most powerful weapon to change
the world. Education is that property that cannot be stolen we can take this property where ever we go.
It is a ray of lighting the darkness. It certainly is a hope for a good life. Education is the only thing that
have no disadvantages while getting education, your loss nothing. It the single door to prosperity and
is the key to success. Education brings happiness in our life. Uneducated person always respected
everywhere. People treat well with him in the society. Education is the thing that makes us a decent
human being and contributes to the progress of the society. We not only learn something new through
education, but it also transpires the knowledge of previous generations to the new generations. In this
way we can say that education is very important for the progress of and individual as well as the whole
society. Education changes peoples thinking by b bringing positive thoughts and eliminates negative
thoughts. Education makes us more civilized and better human beings. It helps a us in achieving a
better position and job in the society. The importance of the education has increased a lot in today’s
time. Therefore, they are is a need to give him a new direction. Education is a very necessary tool for
the bring future of all of us. It helps in the overall development of a person because we can acquire
knowledge, skills and many other things through education. The attitude and personality of a person
depends highly on his education.

Education is very useful in everyone’s life. Education is what sets us apart from other living beings
on earth. It empowers human beings and prepares them to face the challenges of life efficiently. I go
to school every day because it helps me learn new things. At school, I learn how to read and write,
which is very important. Reading helps me understand stories and writing helps me share my ideas.
Education helps me become smart and prepares me for the future. When I do my best in school, I can
achieve my dreams. My teacher says that learning is fun and will help me in many ways. So, I always
try my best to learn and grow. It helps us get good jobs and make wise decisions. When we try our
best in school, we can achieve our goals. My friend Jack wants to be a doctor, and he knows that
studying hard will help him save lives one day. So, I always try my best in school because education
is the best gift we can give ourselves.
Education is like a treasure chest full of knowledge. I go to school every day because it helps me open
this chest and discover new things. At school, I learn how to read and write, which are very important
skills. Reading helps me understand the world around me, and writing helps me share my ideas with
others. Education also teaches us about different cultures and history, which helps us understand and
respect others. When I study hard, I do better in school and feel proud of myself. Education prepares
us for the future and helps us achieve our dreams. So, I always try to do my best in school because it
makes me happy and smart. When I try my best in school, I feel proud and happy. Education helps us
get good jobs and make good choices in the future. It teaches us to think and solve problems. My
parents always tell me that education is the most valuable gift. So, I always try to do my best in school
because it helps me become a better person and achieve my dreams.

Education makes people literate. It teaches the ability to read and write. Reading and writing is the
step-in education. Education helps in employment by providing necessary skills. These skills are
important for doing a high paying job. Education teaches the value of discipline to individuals.
Educated people also realise the value of time much more. Education helps society by spreading
knowledge. This certainly is one excellent contribution to education. It is an essential to for getting
bright future as well as plays a most important role in the development and progress of the country,
modern education system is fully capable to remove the social issues of literacy and inequality among
people of different race, religion and cast. Education makes people as perfect and noble as possible. It
makes us able to become a good learner and understand all the human rights, social rights, duties and
responsibilities towards country.

Education is a weapon to improve one’s life. It is a life-long process ends with death. Education
certainly determines the quality of an individual’s life. Education improves one’s knowledge, skills
and develops the personality and attitude. Most noteworthy education affects the chances of
employment for people a highly educated individual is probably very lightly to get a good job. In this
essay on importance of education, we will tell you about the value of education in life and society.
Consequently, education makes people literate. Above all education, is extremely important for
employment. It certainly is a great opportunity to make a decent living. This is due to the skills of a
high paying job that education provide. Uneducated people are probably at a huge disadvantage when
it comes to jobs. It seems like many poor people improve their lives with the help of education. Better
communication is yet another role in education. Education improves and refines the speech of the
person. Furthermore, individuals also improve other means of communication with education.
Education makes an individual a better user of technology. Education certainly provides the technical
skills necessary for using technology. Hence, without education, it would probably be difficult to
handle modern machines. People become more mature with the help of education. Sophistication
enters the life of educated people. Above all education teaches the value of discipline to individuals.
Educated people also realise the value of time much more. To educated people, time is equal to Money.
Finally, educations enable individual to express their views efficiently. Educated individuals can
explain their opinions in a clear manure. Hence, educated people are quite lightly to convince people
to their point of view.

Education in India is primarily managed by the state – up public education system, which falls under
the command of the government at three levels; central, state and local, under various articles of the
Indian constitution and the right of children to free and compulsory education act, 2009, free and
compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children aged 6 to 14. The approximate
ratio schools in India are 10;3. Education in India covers different levels and types of learning, such
as early childhood education, primary education and secondary education, higher education and
vocational education it varies significantly according to different factors, such as location (urban or
rural), gender, caste, religion, language, and disability.

Education in India has much room for growth, such as improving access to education, increasing the
quality of education, reducing disparities, lowering dropout rates, increasing enrolment and
completion rates, enhancing learning outcomes and employability, strengthening governance and
accountability, promoting innovation and technology, and addressing the impact of COVID-19
pandemic. It is influenced by various policies and programmes at the national and state levels, such
as the national education policy 2020, the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, the Midday Scheme, the Beti
Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme, and the National Digital Education Architecture. It is also supported
by various stakeholders and partners, such as UNICEF, UNESCO, World Bank, civil society
organisations, academic institutions, private sector entities, and media outlets.

Education in India is plagued by issues SUCH AS GRADE INFLATIO, Corruption, unaccredited

institutions offering fraudulent credentials and lack of employment prospects for graduates. Half of
all graduates in India are considered unemployable.

Status of Private School in India

Private school in India have gained immense popularity over the year, with around 3 lakh private
schools accounting for 40% of the total student enrolment. These schools are known for providing
high quality education, with better infrastructure, qualified teachers, and innovative teaching
methodologies.
Key Statistics

• Enrolment: - Private enrolment in elementary schools is approximately 35%, while it’s over
50% at the secondary level.
• Growth: - The affordable private school market in India is estimated to be around USD 5.2
billion, with 200,000-400,000 schools serving 60-90 million children.
• Parental Preference: - 5 out of 6 parents in Urban India prefer to send their children to private
schools, citing better education quality and English-speaking environments.

Education is very important when it comes to preparing a child for life. To make sure children are not
deprived of this necessity and are able to access it easily, there are many types of schools established
in India.
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS:
As Per the data released by the ministry of education 6.5.2% of all schools students go to government
schools due to its feasibility. The government of India finances and oversees the majority of schools.
However, the public education System Suffers Significant difficulties, such as a lack of proper
infrastructure, inadequate budget, a staffing shortage, and limited resources for buildings. There are
many governments run school’s systems in India as Indian army for the children of soldiers, Kendriya
Vidyalaya in urban areas, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya for the gifted students, Kasturba Gandhi
Balika Vidyalaya, especially for girls belonging to castes like sc.st and OBC.
Kendriya Vidyalaya schools were specially established for the children of employees of the central
Government of India. This was done to ensure students are able to study the same syllabus and at the
transfer of their parents to any location in the country.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS:
The central Government schools are funded and run by the central government. The curriculum of
these schools is set by the central government. In the urban area Kendriya Vidyalaya are the central
government schools are the central government schools and in the rural areas.
Factor affecting parents’ selection of school for their children Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya are the
central government school and Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya are for girls.

STATE GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS:

The state government schools are funded and run by the state government. The state board of
education is mainly followed by the state government schools and their curriculum is set by the state
government. Rajkiya Vidyalaya, Pratibha Vidyalaya, Sarvodaya Bal Vidyalaya, etc are the popular
state government schools.
PRIVATE SCHOOLS:

Indian parents desire to enrol their children in private schools because a large number of government
schools do not offer an appropriate education. Some foreigners decide to enrol their kids in private
Indian schools. According to the latest data, 29% of Indian students go to private schools. The
percentage of students going to private schools in urban areas is a lot higher as it is estimated that more
than 50% of children are privately educated in rural areas to the percentage of children going to private
schools is around 20%.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS:

All large cities have international schools. Children from outside and those from India attend them due
to the quality of the education that is aligned with global standards. International schools’ consultancy,
in 2015 estimated that India has around 410 international schools.

According to international schools’ consultancy international schools are those schools which impact
curriculum in the English language outside a country whose native language is English and the
curriculum is international in its origin. This definition of international schools by ISF used by many
famous publications which also include the economist.

NATIONAL OPEN SCHOOLS:

According to estimates around 1.4 million students are enrolled in open schooling and board of open
schooling and skill education, Sikkim help students to complete their education. These types of schools
in India provide education up to the upper secondary level for children whose official education has
been stopped and who are unable to finish it.

SPECIAL- NEEDS SCHOOLS:

Meant for physically and mentally challenged students, these schools provide vocational training and
informal education to children who are unable to attend proper schools. Going by the law of India to
make education, accessible to every child there are more than 3000 special needs, schools running
across the country.

When selecting a school for their children, parents consider a multitude of factors to ensure the
institution aligns with their child needs and family values. Here’s an overview of the key
considerations:
1. Academic Excellence and curriculum:
Parents prioritize schools with strong academic records and curricular that foster critical
thinking and creativity. Institutions offering diverse programs, such as STEM, arts, or bilingual
education, are often favored.
2. Teacher Qualifications and students- Teacher Ratio:
The expertise and approachability of teachers significantly impact a child’s learning
experience. Schools with qualified educators and favorable students – teacher ratios are
preferred, as they allow for personalized attention.
3. School culture and values:

A school’s ethos should resonate with the family’s values. Parents often seek institutions that
emphasize moral development, inclusivity, and a supportive environment.

4. Safety and Infrastructure:

Ensuring a safe learning environment is paramount. Parents assess schools for secure
campuses, well-maintained facilities, and robust safety protocols.

5. Extracurricular Activities:
Holistic development is essential. Schools offering a range of extracurricular programs,
including sports, arts, and clubs, provide students with opportunities to explore and develop
various interests.
6. Location and Accessibility:

Proximity to home reduces commute times and enhances convenience. Parents often prefer
schools that are easily assessable and situated in safe neighbourhoods.
7. Financial Considerations:
Affordability plays a crucial role. Parents evaluate tuition fees, additional costs, and available
financial aid to ensure the school’s expenses align with their budget.
8. Reputation and community Feedback:
A school’s reputation, often gauged through academic performance and community reviews,
influences parental choice. Positive feedback from other parents and successful alumni can
be persuasive.
9. Parental involvement opportunities: Schools that encourage parental engagement through
events, volunteering, and open communication foster a collaborative environment, which many
parents find appealing.
10. Special needs support:
For children requiring additional support, parents look for schools with specialized programs,
trained staff, and resources tailored to cater to diverse learning needs.
 In summary, parents seek schools that not provide academic excellence not only provide
academic excellence but also align with their values, ensure safety, offer holistic development
opportunities, and fit within logistical and financial constraints. Visting schools, engaging with
staff, and gathering feedback from the community are effective steps in making an informed
decision.
Rationale of the Study:

Parents esteem education of high quality and are to play for it. In addition to tuition fees, parents pay
substantial expense to send a child to a private school to spend money on uniforms and textbooks,
which can otherwise be used in a government school free of change.

A study conducted by kravshaar (1972) supports the evidence that the rapid growth of private schools
in urban and rural. The parents take pride in admitting their children in private school rather than in
government schools the government schools are conceived less competitive in providing quality.
education and other services. it is matter of discussion and concern to the education users and providers
Bharat (1990 conducted a study on certain inequalities in educational development in H .P .and found
that there is a decline in enrolment rate from primary to upper primary level in total. in view of this. it
was thought worthwhile to study the enrolment trends from class I to viii and total enrolment over the
last 5 years in government schools and private schools in Himachal Pradesh at on elementary level.
This study will help to know the enrolment status in Himachal Pradesh from the last 5 years and
perception of teachers and parents about the declining enrolment in government schools. A study
conducted by Shatti (2011) Supports the evidence that enrolment is declining in government schools.
So, it is decided by the investigator to find out the reasons for declining enrolment rate of children in
government schools. at elementary level as perceived by teachers and parents. A study conducted by
roy (2005) strongly supports the evidence that medium of instruction in English along with discipline
and status symbol associated with private schools is responsible for preference of private schools.
Therefore, it is thought find out the reasons why parents prefer private schools at elementary level as
perceived by teachers and parents. This study will help those people who ensure the importance of
government schools. the results of present study will be helpful to give suggestions to teachers and
parents to increase enrolment rate in government schools. the results of present study would be
beneficial to the planners and policy makers to frame a policy so that enrolment increases and quality
education may be imparted to all the children on these bases the present study is done.

Statement Of the Problem:

The topic selected for research “An inquiry on Parents’ Attitude towards Private School.”
Operational Definition:

It refers the schools which are run by non-profit trusts & societies coming under Primary level.

1. Attitude: - Parenting attitudes vary from being supportive to suppressive.

2. Private School: - Private schools are run by some charities and trusts. They also provide primary
education, Middle education, secondary education and senior secondary education.

Objectives Of the Study:

❖ To find out The Parents’ Attitude towards Private Schools.

❖ To find out whether there is any significant difference between male and female Parents’
Attitudes towards Private Schools.
❖ To determine whether there is any significant difference between rural and urban
students' Parents ’Attitude towards Private Schools.
Research Question:

1. What do parents think about private schools’ curricular activities.

2. What do parents think about private schools co -curricular activities.
3. How satisfied are parents with the private schools.
Delimitation of the Study:
The study was delimited to area of district Balasore.
 CHAPTER – 2
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 MEANING OF REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE:
Review of related literature is the combination of two combination of two words, Review and
literature. Review = Re + view: Look again at what other have done in areas that are similar through
not necessarily identical to one’s own area of any investigation. Literature refers to the knowledge of
a particular area of Research of any subject or problem which includes theoretical, practical and it’s
Research studies. Thus, review of related literature is a summary and analysis of previous researches
by showing how they are linked to the parent students.
Review of literature means the similar or related Studies made by previous researchers in the same
field. indeed, all human knowledge can be found in libraries and books. the existence of present Study
always depends upon short comings of the past studies in the present situations. Hence, a summary of
writings of previous research helps the researcher to know what is always known and what is still
unknown and untouched. Parents attitude towards private school, which has been shown to positively
impact health, fertility rates, infant mortality, decision – making power, social mobility, and economic
independence. to carry out the research work it helps the researcher to avoid the duplication of the past
and get insight, useful direction and suggestion.
Ray & Sikdar (2024) Conducted a study on “parental perception & attitude towards private tuition A
cross-sectional study among daily wage earners”. The objective of the study was to access the level of
perception & attitude among the parent’s daily wage earners. Here a cross-sectional survey method
was used to collect data from 267 samples. It was found that there exists a moderately positive co-
relation in parent’s attitude. This study contributes to our knowledge of the significance of private
tuition in the educational landscape and provides insightful information for future studies and the
formulation of societal policies.

Singh (2024) Conducted a study on Attitude of the administrators of private school towards physical
education in Balasore. The objective of the study was to know the attitudes of the administrators of
private school management towards physical education. A sample of methods were used to select 20
administrators of private school. The study’s findings could assist persuade school children and
instructors to participate in physical education.

Uriem, and Uriem (2024) Conducted a study on Teacher’s perfectionist Attitude to learning and
students struggling with self-stigmatization in private secondary school in Odisha State. The objective
of the study examines teacher’s perfectionist attitude to learning and students struggling with self-
stigmatization in private secondary schools in Odisha State. The population of the study is 15,951
Comprising of 1177 proprietors’ principals and 14, 774 teachers in private secondary schools in Odisha
State in the 25 local Government areas of Odisha state. The sample for this study comprised 1533
respondents made up of 588 proprietor’s principals and 945 teachers in Odisha state private secondary
schools selected from 12 local Government areas. The findings revealed that teacher’s perfectionist
attitude to learning influence students struggling with self-stigmatization.

Soomro & Andleeb (2024) conduct a study on role of institutional environment in constructing the
parental attitude towards girls students enrolment. The objective of the study to determine parents’
general perceptions about the role of the institutional environment in parental attitude towards girls’
enrolment. The study population was comprised of school heads, secondary school teachers, and
parents. The Sample random sampling technique was used for data collection. The collected data from
20 government girl secondary schools, including 20 schools’ head. 190 female teachers and 190
parents. The study recommended that improving communication with parents, promoting female role
models, expanding financial roles, enhancing transportation safety and fostering a gender – neutral
learning environment.
Devi (2023) Conducted a study on enrollment and attitudes of parents towards private schools. The
objectives of the study present study are as follows and attitudes of parents towards private schools.
The samples of present study consist of 80percents of school going children from the Balasore district,
Odisha. It was found that According to the results revealed that the parents whose ward is attending
private school possessed a highly positive attitude towards the private school and there was growth in
enrollment of private school over the years.

Tareen, Bhatt and Waseem (2023) Conducted a study on Exploring factors influencing parents,
attitude towards primary level education district Balasore. The main objective of study was to assess
the which influenced the parental attitude towards their kid’s education. The study population was
parents of children studying in the public and private schools. The sample size consisted of 260 parents
of children studying at primary level were exploring factors influencing parents’ attitude towards
primary level education District Balasore selected for this study. The result showed that parental
attitude has 63.3% relations towards children academic success. The findings it was recommended that
institutions must take the appropriate steps to ensure that parents are encouraged to participate in the
education of their children and the development of their reading abilities.

Chaulagai (2023) conduct a study on Parents’ attitude towards community schools and its influence
in the choice of schools for their children. The objectives of the study have explored parents ‘attitude
towards community schools and it’s influence in the choice of schools for their children. The data were
collected through interviews and observations from two community and two private schools
representatively. The sample of the study ten parents who were selected purposively from those four
schools and four head teachers of those schools, were the participants of this study. The study found
that parents generally had schools, but some of the community schools had been able to change the
attitude of parents towards community schools.
Alovahtani & Alsager (2022) Conduct a study on Saudi parents’ and teacher’s attitudes towards the
new implementation of English from Grade one in primary schools: A qualitative descriptive study.
The objective of the study to find out whether the Saudi community, including parents’ and instructors,
has positive attitudes regarding English in general and the new policy in particular. The samples of the
study were 160 parents’ and 20 teachers. The results revealed that both parents’ and teachers’ have
positive attitude towards the new policy. The findings of the study also indicated that designing a
suitable curriculum, stimulating environment, and having more lessons per week are essential.
Nandi (2022) Conduct a study on Emotional Health Status of Senior Secondary School Teachers; a
comparative study on private and public schools of Odisha. The objective of the study the emotional
health status among commerce, arts, and science teachers in private and public schools of Odisha. Data
were collected randomly from male commerce, arts, and science teachers of private and public schools
of Odisha. The results about emotional health status among commerce, arts, and science teachers in
private and public schools of Odisha.
Kumar (2021) conduct a study on Elementary school teachers ‘attitude towards inclusive education
in Balasore district, Odisha. The objective of the study the attitude of elementary school teachers
‘towards inclusive education. The sample consists of 160 elementary school teachers. Teacher attitude
scale towards inclusive education authored by Dr Sood V& Dr Anand arti was used to collect data
from the sample. On the basis of findings is suggested that the pre-service and in service teacher
education need to effectively inculcate a positive attitude towards inclusive education.
Bodur & Aktan (2021) Conducted a study on Parental attitudes, students’ academic motivation and
personal responsibility. The objective of the study was to students’ academic motivation and personal
responsibility levels. In this research predictive correlation model, which is one of the quantitative
research methods was used o data collected from 368 samples. It was found that according to the
results, parental attitudes are a significant predictor of personal responsibility and academic motivation
and personal responsibility.

Sharma and Rabha (2021) Conducted a study on “An investigation on Attitude towards mathematics
among higher secondary school students”. The objective of the study to enquire the level of
achievement of Higher Secondary students in Mathematics. The population of the study has been
defined as the students studying at higher secondary (10+1) level in the Oupada block of Balasore
District. A sample of 102 students 56 boys and 46 girls were selected based on purposive sampling
technique. The finding of the study the male students show more positive attitude towards learning
mathematics than the female students.

Mondal and Berman (2019) Conducted a study on “Attitude of secondary school teachers and
students towards the private tuition in the district of Balasore”. The objective of the study the attitude
of secondary school teachers towards the private tuition in the district of Balasore. All the teachers and
students of secondary schools in the district of Balasore have been traded as population for the present
study. The sample consists of 100 teachers and 150 students from 5 selected secondary school which
are situated in the district of the Balasore. The purposive sampling technique has been used for the
selection of sample. The findings of the presents study will also make awareness of the students and
teachers both about private tuition.

Bhatt and Chavda (2019) Conducted a study on “Parental attitude towards pre-school education in
context of Joint and Nuclear family parents”. The objective of parents’ investigation was to investigate
parents’ attitude towards preschool education in the context of their and types of families. The sample
of the present study consisted of 120 families living in Balasore city. It consisted of 60 joint families
(30 males-30 females). The collected of data was spread over a period of 20 days. The findings result
indicate that in nuclear family’s male has a better level of attitude towards preschool education
compare to females.

Shakir and Jahan (2019) Conducted a study on “Identification of the reasons of children Anxiety and
submissive attitude: A comparative study on public and private schools”. The aim objectives of the
study were to identify the factors that involve to increase fear among children. This descriptive research
involved the data collection from 90 teachers, 375 students and forty parents. They were selected by
convenience sampling technique. It is found that when children are in fearful environment, they feel
panic attack and they participate less in class when they are in state of fear while most of the children
think that stress, verbal threading and punishment is the basic cause of anxiety among early grades
children.

Naskar and Upadhyay (2019) conduct a study on attitude of parents towards inclusion in education:
a study on Indian perspective. The objective of the study to explore the attitude of the parents towards
inclusion in education. The sample of the study 30 parents of normal developing children were
randomly chosen from both urban and rural areas of south 24 Balasore district only. In this study it
was also found that there was no significant difference in attitudes on inclusion in education among
rural and urban parents, whereas there was a significant difference in attitudes on inclusion in education
among male and female parents.
Dokuzoglu & Yildiz (2019) conduct a study on investigation of middle school parents’ attitude
towards extracurricular sport activities according to some demographic characteristics. The objective
of the study is to investigate middle school parents’ attitude towards extracurricular sports activities
according to some demographic characteristics. The sample of the study the selected from Aydin
province in Balasore were identified as samples. The findings indicated that parents’ attitude towards
extracurricular sports activities were seen to be at a very good level in all dimensions. Results indicated
that sports activities play an important role on students’ participation in these activities.
Singh and Bai (2018) Conducted a study on Secondary level student’s attitude towards private tuition
in Balasore District. The objective of the study to examine the nature of private tuitions adr.t the
secondary level in Balasore District. A sample 120 secondary school students from 12 different tuition
centers in Balasore District. The findings of the study the growing concern towards private tuition it
was decided to study the attitude of secondary level student towards private tuition in Balasore district.
The result the study was done in detail looking over the main reasons for taking private tuition.

Madhu & Bhattacharya (2018) Conducted a study on “parental attitudes towards private tuition at
senior secondary level”. The objective of the study was to find out the attitudes of parents on the
practice of private tuition at senior secondary level. Here a quantitative research design used to collect
data from 80percnts. It includes survey method for data collection. This study found that parents had
positive attitudes towards private tuition at senior secondary level.

Venkataraman & Swaminathan (2018) Conducted a study on parents’ attitude towards private
schools. The objective of the study to find out the parents’ attitude towards private schools. The
samples were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The tool used for this study is
attitude towards private schools’ inventory. The major finding of the study shows that parents of higher
secondary school students have favorable attitude towards private schools.

Ayub (2017) Conducted a study on parental influence and attitudes of students towards technical
education and vocational training. The objective of the study paper is to investigate the parental
influence and students’ attitude towards technical education and vocational training. A sample of
institutes from each zone and 50 students from each city 25 students from vocational institutes and 25
students from Technical Institute and total 300 students were the sample of this study. The findings of
this study would be helpful for policy makers and head of Technical Education and vocational training.
The results of this study reveals that parental influence is statistically significant that impact on
students’ decision towards Technical Education & Vocational training.
Tosten, Han and Anik (2017) conduct a study on the impact of parental attitudes on problem solving
skills in high school students. The objective of the study this research aims to reveal the effect of
parents, attitudes on problem solving skills of high school students. the sample of the working group
of the study is 326 high school students selected randomly from Balasore district in the analysis of the
data collected in this research, descriptive statistical techniques. It was found that the+ problem-solving
skills of high school students participated in the study were found to be at medium level.
Oberai (2016) Conducted a study on “Impact of Parent-Child relationship on career maturity –
Attitude of high school students in relation to nature of management of school and board of affiliation”.
A sample of 400 high school students of Balasore district 100 parentally accepted boys 100 parentally
rejected boys, 100 parentally accepted girls and 100 parentally rejected girls were selected based on
Mohsin parent child inventory Indian adaptation of career maturity inventory of crises was
administered on the students selected in the final sample. Results show that the career maturity –
attitude of parentally accepted students studying in CBSE affiliated government schools have highest
in comparison to other group, while parentally rejected students studying in MP Board affiliated
government schools have lowest career maturity Attitudes.

Sharma and Kalia (2015) Conducted a study on attitude of parents towards private tuition at senior
secondary level. The objective of the study to find out the significant difference between the attitude
of rural and urban parents towards private tuition at senior secondary level. A sample of 60 parents
was taken by random sampling method on the basis of location and their education self-made
questionnaire was used to collected the data. The finding of the study reveals that there is significant
difference between the mean scores of attitudes of rural and urban parents towards private tuition.

AI-Qahtani (2015) Conducted a study on Saudi parent’s attitudes towards using English as a medium
of instruction in private primary schools. The objective of the study the objective of this study is to
investigate the attitudes of male and female Saudi parents towards using English as a medium of
instruction in international private primary school in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, Abha. The
sample was 68 Saudi parents who have their children in a private primary school. The study used a
questionnaire for data collection. The results of this study showed that Saudi parents have positive
attitudes towards using EMI in International private primary schools.

Batta and Duran (2015) Conduct a study on Attitudes of students and teachers towards the use of
interactive whiteboards in elementary and secondary school classrooms. The objective of the study
was to determine the attitudes of both teachers and student against the use of interactive whiteboard
and to determine the differences between their attitudes across their genders, ages and schools. The
sample of the current study was composed of students and teachers from these schools. The was
applied to 64 science high school and 124 middle school students and 23 teacher 11 high school and
12 primary schools. The results indicate that interactive whiteboards are highly rated by both teachers
and students. This study includes some implications for policy makers, educator and researchers.

Sharma & Tripathi (2015) conduct a study on factors affecting enrolment trends in government and
private schools at elementary level as perceived by teachers and parents. The objectives of the study
to find out the reasons for declining enrolment rate of children in government schools of elementary
level as perceived by government school teachers with respect to the following components. The
sample of the study from this selected district, blocks namely Balasore and Oupada were selected
randomly. 10 schools that is 5 government and 5 privates were selected randomly from each blocks
the convenient sampling method was used and data analysis was performed through the percentage
method. The Results show that the enrolment trend in government schools is declining continuously
year wise.
Khan and Ali (2015) conduct a study on parents’ attitude towards enrolments in public and private
schools. the objective of the study was to find out the major causes of enrolling students in public
schools by parents. The population censes report there were households in the selected villages data
were collected from 280 sample. The study recommends that government should initiate mobilization
campaign for illiterate parents, which will enhance the enrolment of children in public school.
Oundo, Poipoi and Dinahs. (2014) Conducted a study on Relationship between parents’ attitude
towards educational involvement and academic performance of day secondary school students in
Balasore. The main objective of the study was to establish the relationship between parental attitude
towards education involvement and academic performance of day secondary school students in
Balasore District. Cross-section survey design was adopted based on a sample drawn from five
secondary schools in the study area. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample 18 teachers and
36 parents while stratified random sampling was used in the selection of 180 students. The findings of
the study show that parental attitude towards education involvement affects academic performance of
day secondary school students in Balasore District.

Katch and Kumar (2014) Conducted a study on attitude towards homework parents’ perspective. The
objective of the study to find the attitude of Mother and Father towards homework. A sample of 200
parents whose children are studying 6th to 10th standard schools were taken through convenient
sampling technique. The findings of the study there exist no significant difference in attitude of rural
and urban parents towards homework.

Al-Ghazo, Smadi and Onlah (2013) conducted a study on “The Attitude of Parents and Students
towards teaching English in the secondary stage at public and private schools in Jordan”. The objective
of the study, the results received that parents of public and private school students show natural
attitudes towards English language teaching as well students’ attitudes towards. The population of this
study comprised of students (means females) of secondary level students studying in (64) public and
private schools. The study found the presents the response of the presents of the secondary stage
students at the private and public schools to the questionnaire of attitudes towards teaching English.

Klicpera et. al (2013) Conducted a study on attitudes and experiences of parents regarding inclusive
and special school education for children with learning and intellectual disabilities. The objective of
the study because parents can probably see the effects of remedial schooling more holistically than
teachers, parents’ appraisal is of great importance for evaluating the adequacy of special education.
The sample was carried out in three federal states of Austria. In these districts all first, third and sixth
grade inclusive classes and the corresponding grades in the special schools were selected. They
presumably are representative for the general population. The results showed an overall high degree
of satisfaction with the schooling, but there were marked differences among the parents’ assessments
depending on the degree of learning disabilities and on the type of school.

Sargent and Bond (2013) conduct a study on the keeping it in the family parental influences on young
people & attitudes to police. The objective of the study adds to our understanding by examining the
influence of parent – child dynamics on youth attitudes to police. The sample was based on the
population of grade 9 students enrolled in five schools located in south east Queensland. This study
uses data collected from a survey of sample of 540 grade 9 (13 to 14 years) students enrolled in south
– east Queensland secondary schools. these findings suggest that youth attitudes to police are not
simply influenced by contact with police and delinquency but that familial context is important. These
results indicate that perceived parental attitude to police somewhat mediates the effect of peer
delinquency on youth attitude to police.

Ukkarsu (2011) Conducted a study on Saudi parents’ attitudes towards using English as a medium of
instruction in private primary schools. The objective of this study is to investigate the attitude of male
and female to the parents towards using English as a medium of instruction in international private
primary school in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, Abha. The sample was 68 Saudi parents who
have their children in a private primary school. The study found that also attempted to find reason why
Saudi parents prefer EMI private schools their children.

Akhtar, Hashmi and Naqvi (2010) Conducted a study on A comparative study of job satisfaction in
public and private school teachers at secondary level. The objective of the study positive and favorable
attitudes towards the job indicates job satisfaction. A sample of the study consisted of 150 male and
female teachers of those conveniently selected schools. The population of the study was mainly based
on all the male and female teachers of the public and private secondary schools of Balasore district.
The findings of the study this result of male school teachers showed that they were satisfied with their
job and its atmosphere, Majority of the female teachers was satisfied as compared to male teachers.

Tabulation of Following Review:

SL. AUTHOR’S NAME OF THE STUDY RESULT OF THE STUDY

NO. NAME
1 Baidsar Ray “Parental perception & This study contributes to our knowledge
& attitude towards private of the significance of private tuition in
Sikdar (2024) tuition A cross sectional the educational landscape and provides
study among daily wage insightful information for future studies
earners”. and the formulation of societal policies.
2 Dr. Huidrom “Attitude of the The study’s findings could assist
Karnajit Singh administrators of private persuade school children and instructors
(2024) school towards physical to participate in physical education.
education in Balasore”.
3 Dr. James “Teacher’s perfectionist The findings revealed that teacher’s
Uriem, Attitude to learning and perfectionist attitude to learning
& students struggling with influence students struggling with self-
Dr. Peter Uriem self-stigmatization in stigmatization.
(2024) private secondary school in
Odisha State”.
4 Amanullah The study recommended that improving
Soomro “Role of institutional communication with parents, promoting
Shaziandleeb environment in constructing female role models, expanding financial
(2024) the parental attitude towards roles, enhancing transportation safety
girls’ students’ enrolment; and fostering a gender – neutral learning
an analysis” environment.

5 Soibam Sheela “Enrollment and attitudes of It was found that According to the results
Devi (2023) parents towards private revealed that the parents whose ward is
schools” attending private school possessed a
 highly positive attitude towards the
private school and there was growth in
enrollment of private school over the
years.

6 Zahoor Khan “Exploring factors

Tareen, Dr. influencing parents, attitude The findings it was recommended that
Rahmat Ullah towards primary level institutions must take the appropriate
Bhatt, education district balasore” steps to ensure that parents are
Muhammad encouraged to participate in the
Waseem (2023) education of their children and the
development of their reading abilities.

7 Sangam “Parents’ attitude towards

Chaulagai community schools and its The study found that parents generally
(2023) influence in the choice of had schools, but some of the community
schools for their children” schools had been able to change the
attitude of parents towards community
schools.

8 Abdullah N. “Saudi parents” and

Alovahtani & teacher’s attitudes towards The findings of the study also indicated
Haroon N the new implementation of that designing a suitable curriculum,
Alsager (2022) English from Grade one in stimulating environment, and having
primary schools: A more lessons per week are essential.
qualitative descriptive
study”
9 Rahul Kumar “Emotional Health Status of
Nandi (2022) Senior Secondary School The results about emotional health status
Teachers; a comparative among commerce, arts, and science
study on private and public teachers in private and public schools of
schools of Odisha” Odisha.
10 Mr Rajesh “Elementary school On the basis of findings is suggested that
Kumar (2021) teachers ‘attitude towards the pre-service and in service teacher
inclusive education in education need to effectively inculcate a
Balasore district, Odisha” positive attitude towards inclusive
education.

11 Yilmaz Bodur, “Parental attitudes,

Z. & Aktan, students’ academic It was found that according to the results,
(2021) motivation and personal parental attitudes are a significant
responsibility. The predictor of personal responsibility and
objective of the study was to academic motivation and personal
students’ academic responsibility.
motivation and personal
responsibility levels”
12 Dr. Moyuri “An investigation on The finding of the study the male
Sharma, M.S. Attitude towards students show more positive attitude
Minakshi mathematics among higher towards learning mathematics than the
Rabha (2021) secondary school students” female students.

13 Shibaprasad “Attitude of secondary

Mondal, Dr. school teachers and students . The findings of the presents study will
Pranab Berman towards the private tuition also make awareness of the students and
(2019) in the district of Balasore” teachers both about private tuition.

14 Ami Bhatt, Dr. “Parental attitude towards The findings result indicate that in
M.D Chavda pre-school education in nuclear family’s male has a better level
(2019) context of Joint and Nuclear of attitude towards preschool education
family parents” compare to females.

15 Muhammad “Identification of the It is found that when children are in

Shakir, reasons of children Anxiety fearful environment, they feel panic
Musarrat Jahan and submissive attitude: A attack and they participate less in class
(2019) when they are in state of fear while most
 comparative study on public of the children think that stress, verbal
and private schools” threading and punishment is the basic
cause of anxiety among early grades
children.

16 Subrata Naskar, “Attitude of parents towards In this study it was also found that there
Dr. Papiya inclusion in education: a was no significant difference in attitudes
Upadhyay study on Indian on inclusion in education among rural
(2019) perspective.” and urban parents, whereas there was a
significant difference in attitudes on
inclusion in education among male and
female parents.

17 Gokhan “Investigation of middle Results indicated that sports activities

Dokuzoglu & school parents’ attitude play an important role on students’
Suleyman towards extracurricular participation in these activities.
Murat Yildiz sport activities according to
(2019) some demographic
characteristics”
18 Dr. “Secondary level student’s The result the study was done in detail
Chakradhara attitude towards private looking over the main reasons for taking
Singh, C tuition in Balasore District” private tuition.
Arundhathi Bai
(2018)
19 Madhu & “Parental attitudes towards This study found that parents had
Bhattacharya private tuition at senior positive attitudes towards private tuition
(2018) secondary level” at senior secondary level.

20 Venkataraman “parents’ attitude towards The major finding of the study shows
& Swaminathan private schools” that parents of higher secondary school
(2018) students have favorable attitude towards
private schools.
21 Hina Ayub “Parental influence and The results of this study reveals that
(2017) attitudes of students towards parental influence is statistically
technical education and significant that impact on students’
vocational training” decision towards Technical Education &
Vocational training.

22 Rasim Tosten, “The impact of parental It was found that the problem-solving
Bunyamin Han, attitudes on problem solving skills of high school students
Sabari Anik skills in high school participated in the study were found to
(2017) students” be at medium level.

23 “Impact of Parent-Child Results show that the career maturity –

Rajeev Oberai relationship on career attitude of parentally accepted students
(2016) maturity – Attitude of high studying in CBSE affiliated government
school students in relation to schools have highest in comparison to
nature of management of other group, while parentally rejected
school and board of students studying in MP Board affiliated
affiliation” government schools have lowest career
maturity Attitudes.
24 Shweta Sharma, “Attitude of parents towards The finding of the study reveals that
A.K. Kalia private tuition at senior there is significant difference between
(2015) secondary level” the mean scores of attitudes of rural and
urban parents towards private tuition.

25 Zahra AI- “Saudi parent’s attitudes The results of this study showed that
Qahtani (2015) towards using English as a Saudi parents have positive attitudes
medium of instruction in towards using EMI in International
private primary schools” private primary schools.

26 Nuri Batta, “Attitudes of students and The results indicate that interactive
Muharrem teachers towards the use of whiteboards are highly rated by both
Duran (2015) interactive whiteboards in teachers and students.
 elementary and secondary
school classrooms”
27 Archana “Factors affecting The Results show that the enrolment
Sharma & enrolment trends in trend in government schools is declining
Vivek Nath government and private continuously year wise.
Tripathi (2015) schools at elementary level
as perceived by teachers and
parents”

28 Alamgeer khan, parents’ attitude towards The study recommends that government
Hamada Ali enrolments in public and should initiate mobilization campaign
(2015) private schools for illiterate parents, which will enhance
the enrolment of children in public
school.

29 Edward “Relationship between The findings of the study show that

Nyongesa parents’ attitude towards parental attitude towards education
Oundo, Moses educational involvement involvement affects academic
W. Poipoi, and academic performance performance of day secondary school
Dinahs. Were of day secondary school students in Balasore District.
(2014) students in Balasore”
30 Dr. Kuldeep “Attitude towards The findings of the study there exist no
Singh Katch, homework parents’ significant difference in attitude of rural
Mr. Pawan perspective” and urban parents towards homework.
Kumar (2014)
31 Al-Ghazo, “The Attitude of Parents and The study found the presents the
Abeers Smadi, Students towards teaching response of the presents of the secondary
Onlah (2013) English in the secondary stage students at the private and public
stage at public and private schools to the questionnaire of attitudes
schools in Jordan” towards teaching English.

32 Barbara “Attitudes and experiences The results showed an overall high

Gasteiger- of parents regarding degree of satisfaction with the schooling,
 Klicpera, inclusive and special school but there were marked differences
Christian education for children with among the parents’ assessments
Klicpera, learning and intellectual depending on the degree of learning
Markus disabilities” disabilities and on the type of school.
Gebharat &
Susanne
Schwab (2013)
33 Elise Sargent, “The keeping it in the These results indicate that perceived
Christine E. W. family parental influences parental attitude to police somewhat
Bond (2013) on young people & attitudes mediates the effect of peer delinquency
to police” on youth attitude to police.

34 Thirunav “Saudi parents’ attitudes The study found that also attempted to
Ukkarsu (2011) towards using English as a find reason why Saudi parents prefer
medium of instruction in EMI private schools their children.
private primary schools”
35 Shafqat Naeem “A comparative study of job The findings of the study this result of
Akhtar, satisfaction in public and male school teachers showed that they
Muhammad private school teachers at were satisfied with their job and its
Amir Hashmi, secondary level” atmosphere. Majority of the female
Syed imtiaz teachers was satisfied as compared to
Hussain Naqvi male teachers.
(2010)
 CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
3.1 Introduction
To conduct any descriptive or other research activities a systematic procedure is followed. for this
study, the investigator will identify the design, population, sample, develops tool and techniques. Then
the data that will collect then analyse and interpret the data. After thoroughly analysed the data will
draw a conclusion on the basis of findings. This chapter deals with the description of research
methodology adopted by investigation for the study. research methodology is a way to solve the
research problems systematically. It involves a series of procedures in which researcher starts from
initial identification of the problems to its final conclusion. Descriptive research studies are often
preliminary to co relational research or to experimental studies. It can serve to discover new meaning
and to provide new knowledge when there is very little known about a topic of interest. Descriptive
research is the Term used to refer to the collection of data directly from the study subject, usually by
interview in the previous chapter investigator discussed about the problem and its background and in
chapter investigator discussed about review of related literature. This chapter deals with method,
sample, tools and techniques, procedure of data collection and procedure of data analysis.
Methodology refers to the methods and procedures used for the study. It includes the methods used for
drawing out sample, tools used for the study, procedure of collecting data and procedure of analysing
the data. The selection of research methods to be used is of utmost important in research process. The
investigator has to adopt the techniques for collecting the data in determining the reliability and validity
of the tools.
3.2 Methods of the Study:

Here descriptive survey method was used for data collection.

3.3 Research Design:

1. Survey Research: Qualitative data collection through a structured questionnaire.

3.4 Population of the Study:

Population is an area where the results of the study are generalized. The area of the study was
targeted to District Balasore.

3.5 Sample and sampling technique:

40 Parents of private school students selected as sample.

3.6 Tool and Techniques:

Here self-made questionnaire & attitude scale was used as tools for data collection.
3.7 Procedure for data collection:

In this study the following self-made tool was used for the data collection.
➢ Self-made questionnaire.
➢ Attitude scale
3.7 Ethical Consideration for the Data Collection:

The data collected kept confidential and used only for the current study.
 CHAPTER-4
ANALYSIS OF INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
4.1 Introduction

The analysis and interpretation of data play a crucial role in deriving meaningful conclusions from the
collected information. In any research study, data analysis involves the systematic application of
statistical and logical techniques to describe, summarize, and compare the data. This process helps in
identifying patterns, relationships, and trends that address the research objectives. During the
interpretation stage, the findings are examined in the context of the research questions or hypotheses,
allowing researchers to draw valid conclusions.

4.2 Data Analysis

4.2.1 To find out The Parents’ Attitude towards Private Schools:

Better quality education private schools often have smaller class sizes allowing for more personalized
attention and better teacher students interaction advanced curriculum many private schools offer
specialized programs, advanced placement course and extracurricular activities that may not be
available in public schools. discipline & values private schools often emphasize discipline, ethics and
moral values, which parents and moral values which parents may find appealing extracurricular
opportunities many private schools offer a wide range of extracurricular activities such as sport, music
drama, and leadership programs higher college admission rates some parents believe that private
schools provide better college preparation and increase the chances of admission to prestigious
universities. better have modern facilities, including libraries, laboratories, and sports complexes,
which enhance the learning experience. smaller class sizes with fewer students per class teachers can
give more attention to each child, improving learning outcomes. networking and social status some
parents see private schools as a way to connect with other influential families and provide better career
opportunities for their children safety and security private schools often have stricter security measures
and a controlled environment making parents fell that their children are safer however private schools
can be expensive , and some public schools also provide high – quality education it ultimately depends
on a parents priorities financial capacity , and the quality of local schools.

4.2.2 To find out whether there is any significant difference between male and female Parents’
Attitudes towards Private Schools
Gender N MEAN SD df t-value Remark
Male 20 87.545 3.64566991 38 0.619 Not
Significant
Female 20 88.555 3.574602 (0.05)
To determine whether there is a significant difference between male and female parents' attitudes
towards private schools, an independent samples t-test was conducted. The results show that male
parents (N = 20) had a mean attitude score of 87.545 with a standard deviation of 3.6457, while female
parents (N = 20) had a slightly higher mean score of 88.555 with a standard deviation of 3.5746. The
calculated t-value was 0.619 with 38 degrees of freedom. Since the result is not statistically significant
at the 0.05 level, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between male and female
parents in their attitudes towards private schools. This suggests that gender does not play a meaningful
role in shaping parents' perceptions of private schooling in this context.
Table no 4.1.1 Significant difference between Rural and Urban Parents’ Attitudes towards Private
Schools
Locality N MEAN SD df t-value Remark
Urban 20 91.25 3.593976 38 2.444 Significant
(0.05)
Rural 20 86.875 3.117157

The data reveals a significant difference in the attitudes of rural and urban parents towards private schools.
Urban parents (N=4) have a higher mean attitude score of 91.25 with a standard deviation of 3.59, while rural
parents (N=16) have a lower mean score of 86.88 with a standard deviation of 3.12. The calculated t-value is
2.444, which is significant at the 0.05 level with 38 degrees of freedom. This indicates that urban parents hold
significantly more favorable attitudes towards private schools compared to their rural counterparts. The result
suggests a real and meaningful disparity in perception, possibly influenced by differences in access to
information, quality of educational infrastructure, or expectations from private schooling in urban versus rural
settings.
Baidya, S., Ray, S., & Sikdar, D. P. (2024). Parental Perception and Attitude towards Private Tuition
A Cross-Sectional Study among Daily wage Earners. RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of
Multidisciplinary, 9(6) 279 – 288.

Singh, Dr,. H. K. (2024). Attitude of the Administrators of Private School Towards Physical Education
in Balasore. International Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Index Journal , 1(2), 2584-2587.
Urien J . and Urien P . (2024). Teachers’ Perfectionist Attitude to Learning and Students struggling with Self-
stigmatization in Private Secondary Schools in Odisha state . European Journal of Educational and
Development Psychology, 12(2) 39- 57.
Soomro, A., Andleeb, S., (2024) . Role of Institutional Environment in Constructing the Parental

Interview Schedule

Instructions: -

Dear Respondents,

Thank you for participating in this interview. Your response is valuable to us and we appreciate
your time. The purpose of the interview is to gather information about The Parent’s perception
towards private school. Your response will help us better understand above mentioned topic. Your
responses will be used only for research purposes and will not affect your academic score. Please
respond to each question honestly. We ensure that your personal information and responses will remain
strictly confidential.

Thank You

Kamalini Dhamudia

Investigator

M.A.(2nd year), Department of Education

 K.K.S Women’s College, Balasore

Education level:-

Occupation :- Age:-

Number of children :- Gender :-

Age of children :-

Answer all the following question.

1. How satisfied are you with the academic standards of the school (Scale or open ended) ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
2. How would you rate the communication between the school and parents ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
3. Are you satisfied with the extracurricular activities offered ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
4. Do you believe private schools provide better education compared to public schools?
Why ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__

5.What are the strengths and weaknesses of private schools in your opinion ?
 Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
6.Do you feel the tuition fees are justified ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__
7.What improvements would you like to see in the private school system ?

Ans.__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__