ESCOLA COMUITARIA SÃO JOAO DE DEUS

English subject
Topic: Entertainment

Nampula, March 2025

 ESCOLA COMUITARIA SÃO JOAO DE DEUS

English subject
Topic: Entertainment

Work of English Subject, of the 12th

grade,supervised by Dr. Moises

Name of studants:

1. Abel de Jesus Horacio

2. Adilson Aniceto Jose
3. Benilde Castelo
4. Bicime Vitor Afonso
5. Cornelio A. V. Murupela
6. Dalva Daniel
7. Edmilson Almeida

Nampula, March 2025

Content
Introduction.................................................................................................................................4

Electrcity.....................................................................................................................................5

The central role of electricity..................................................................................................5

Importance in everyday life.....................................................................................................6

Importance of electricity in industry.......................................................................................6

Electricity in transport.............................................................................................................7

Environmental impact of electricity........................................................................................8

Advantages of electrical energy..............................................................................................9

Disadvantages of electrical energy..........................................................................................9

Conclusion................................................................................................................................11

Bibliography.............................................................................................................................12
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Introduction

Electrical energy is the term used to describe energy that is transmitted by electricity or
stored in electric fields.

Electricity is one of the most sought-after goods. Like any product, electricity has a set of
properties that characterize its ability to meet certain consumer demands: the punctuality of
electricity supply, the required volume, the reliability of electricity supply and the quality of
electricity supplied.

Throughout history, the ways in which we obtain electrical energy have been the main
causes of climate change. However, new, more sustainable generation systems are being
developed today.
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Electrcity

Electricity is the movement, usually of electrons, produced from two points of a

conductor. It is, in general terms, the area of Physics that studies the phenomena caused by the
work of electric charges.

This form of energy is present in our daily lives, not only in electronic devices, but also in
nature - electrical discharges that result in lightning, for example. Electricity is currently the
main type of energy in existence.

The history of civilization is also the history of the invention of new methods to convert
energy, harness its sources and, ultimately, increase its consumption. From the use of fire to
nuclear energy, all advances have driven human progress.

A particularly notable increase in global energy consumption has occurred over the past
200 years, since the beginning of the industrial era. It is estimated that consumption has
increased 30-fold, reaching 14.3 Gtce/year in 2001. An individual in an industrial society
consumes 100 times more energy than a human in the primitive era and lives, on average, four
times longer.

The central role of electricity

In the modern world, electricity generation is the basis for the development of key
industries that determine the progress of production and the quality of life. In all industrialized
countries, the growth rate of the energy sector has exceeded that of many other sectors,
reflecting its strategic importance for the economy and innovation.

Why is electricity essential?

Today, life without electricity is unthinkable. Its versatility and omnipresence have made
it a pillar of contemporary civilization, present in industry, agriculture, science, transportation,
communications and the home.

This ubiquity is due to its specific properties:

 Versatility: Can be transformed into other types of energy (thermal, mechanical,

sound, light, etc.).
 Efficient transport: Can be transmitted relatively easily over long distances and in
large quantities.
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 Speed: Its electromagnetic process occurs at high speeds.

 Adaptability: Its voltage and frequency can be modified according to needs.
 Diversity of sources: It can be generated from different sources (hydroelectric,
solar, wind, nuclear, etc.).

Importance in everyday life

Electric screwdriverElectricity is essential to our daily lives, enabling virtually every aspect of
our modern society to function. Its importance lies in the following points:

 Lighting : Provides artificial light in homes, streets and public spaces, improving
safety and productivity.
 Appliances : Make everyday tasks easier with appliances like refrigerators, washing
machines, microwaves and air conditioners.
 Communication : Allows the use of telephones, computers, the Internet and other
devices essential for global connectivity.
 Healthcare : It is vital in hospitals and medical centers for the operation of equipment
such as respirators, X-ray machines, and other essential devices.
 Transportation : Used in electric vehicles, trains and traffic signaling systems.
 Industry and commerce : Promotes the production, automation and operation of
companies and factories.
 Education : Facilitates access to digital resources, online classes and technological
tools for learning.
 Leisure and entertainment : Allows the use of televisions, video game consoles,
streaming and other recreational devices.

Importance of electricity in industry

In the industrial sector, electrical energy is crucial both for the operation of machines and
for specific technological processes.

Automation, robotization and mass production depend heavily on a reliable and efficient
energy supply. Without electricity, many industries would be unable to operate, impacting
production, efficiency and competitiveness in the global market.
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Electricity has been the foundation for the evolution of modern manufacturing, enabling
the implementation of highly automated assembly lines and the integration of cyber-physical
systems in Industry 4.0. Electric motors, sensors and intelligent control systems help to
optimize production processes, reduce material waste and improve workplace safety.

Electricity is also essential for strategic sectors such as the steel, chemical and food
industries, where processes such as electrolysis, refrigeration and sterilization depend on a
stable energy supply.

It has also driven the development of cybernetics, computing and space exploration,
enabling the creation of smart factories, the digitalization of processes and the manufacturing
of high-precision components. Research and development in advanced materials,
nanotechnology and biotechnology also require sophisticated electrical systems.

In the context of sustainability, the electrification of industry is becoming increasingly

relevant with the use of renewable energy and more efficient technologies, reducing
environmental impact and promoting a cleaner and more sustainable production model.

Electricity in transport

High speed electric trainElectric energy has revolutionized the transportation sector,
improving its efficiency, sustainability and reducing operating costs.

Electrified trains, both high -speed and urban, have enabled faster and cleaner mobility,
reducing dependence on fossil fuels and reducing polluting emissions. This type of transport
is essential to alleviate congestion in large cities and connect regions efficiently.

Electric vehicles have played a key role in the transition to a more sustainable mobility
model. By not generating direct emissions, they contribute to reducing air pollution and the
carbon footprint of the automotive sector.

Additionally, advances in energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries and fast-
charging solutions are accelerating their global adoption.

At the same time, the development of charging infrastructure and the integration of
renewable energy into the electricity grid strengthen the viability of this transport model,
paving the way for a future with less environmental impact.

Electricity has been a fundamental pillar in the development of humanity since its
discovery and practical application. Although electrical phenomena have been observed since
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ancient times, it was only in the 18th century that scientists such as Benjamin Franklin began
to study them systematically.

In the 19th century, advances such as the invention of Volta's battery, the discovery of
electromagnetism by Oersted and Faraday, and the creation of the electric generator allowed
the controlled production and use of electricity. With the arrival of Thomas Edison's light
bulb and Nikola Tesla's alternating current, electricity began to light up cities and transform
daily life.

Throughout the 20th century, electricity became the basis of industrialization and
technological progress. It enabled the creation of automated factories, the development of
electronics and the expansion of telecommunications.

With the arrival of the internet and digitalization in the 21st century, electricity has
become indispensable for practically all human activities.

Today, its importance continues to grow with the transition to renewable energy and the
electrification of transport, consolidating its position as an essential resource for the future of
society.

Environmental impact of electricity

While electricity has improved quality of life and driven technological development, it
also has negative environmental impacts, depending on its source. Fossil fuel-based power
generation produces greenhouse gas emissions and pollutes ecosystems.

Some of the most significant impacts include:

 Atmosphere: Greenhouse gas emissions, oxygen consumption, release of solid

particles.
 Hydrosphere: Alteration of water sources through the creation of reservoirs, the
dumping of contaminated water and the overexploitation of water resources.
 Biosphere: Impact on ecosystems due to the emission of toxic substances.
 Lithosphere: Mass extraction of fossil fuels, alteration of the natural landscape.
 Initially, these effects went unnoticed by most of the population. However, in the
mid-1970s, scientists began to warn about the strong anthropogenic pressure on the
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climate system. This phenomenon, linked to uncontrolled energy consumption, could

lead to a global environmental crisis.

Since then, combating climate change and transitioning to renewable energy sources have
gained prominence on government and private sector agendas. The electrification of mobility,
the advancement of wind and solar power generation, and efficient energy storage are some of
the solutions that are transfor.

Advantages of electrical energy

Some of the main advantages of electrical energy over other energy sources are:

 Low noise: electric devices, compared to combustion engines, produce less noise,
which makes them more suitable for urban and indoor environments.
 No emissions at the point of use: It does not generate exhaust gases at the place
where it is consumed, which contributes to better air quality in urban and closed areas.
 High versatility: can be used in a wide variety of applications, from lighting to
heating, cooling, transportation and industrial production.
 Possibility of generation from renewable sources: Electricity can be generated from
clean and sustainable sources, such as solar, wind, hydraulic, geothermal and biomass.
 Lower environmental impact (depending on the source): If obtained from
renewable or nuclear energy, it can be generated with low CO₂ emissions or without
greenhouse gases.
 Intelligent storage and management: can be stored in batteries and used efficiently
in combination with technologies such as smart grids.
 Automation and efficiency in industrial processes: Electricity enables the
development of advanced technology, artificial intelligence, automation and robotics,
driving industrial efficiency and economic development.
 Driving scientific and technological progress: Electricity is essential for research,
computing, telecommunications and innovation in all areas of knowledge.

Disadvantages of electrical energy

Despite its many benefits, electrical energy also has some disadvantages:

 Energy: it must be generated from other sources, which may be renewable or non-
renewable. In many cases, electricity still relies on fossil fuels, which means polluting
gas emissions.
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 Energy losses in transportation and conversion: The generation, transmission and

distribution of electricity involve energy losses due to resistance in the cables and
conversion between different forms of energy.
 Dependence on complex infrastructure: A stable and reliable power grid is required,
which requires high investments in generation, transmission and distribution, as well
as ongoing maintenance.
 Vulnerability to power outages and failures: Natural phenomena, network
overloads or cyber attacks can interrupt the supply of electricity, affecting various
sectors.
 Risk to human safety: Electric current can be dangerous to people if not handled
correctly. A current greater than 50 mA is considered potentially fatal.
 Environmental impact of conventional generation: Although electricity itself does
not generate emissions when used, if it is produced in coal, gas or oil-fired power
plants, it contributes to climate change and pollution.
 Storage issues: Although batteries and storage systems exist, electricity cannot be
stored efficiently on a large scale without significant costs.
 Dependence on materials and natural resources: The production of electrical
equipment, batteries and transmission networks requires minerals such as lithium,
copper and rare earths, the extraction of which can generate environmental and
geopolitical impacts.
 High upfront costs for renewable energy: Although they are cheaper to operate in
the long term, installing renewable generation systems (solar panels, wind turbines)
requires a considerable upfront investment.
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Conclusion

This form of energy is present in our daily lives, not only in electronic devices, but also in
nature - electrical discharges that result in lightning, for example. Electricity is currently the
main type of energy in existence.

The history of civilization is also the history of the invention of new methods to convert
energy, harness its sources and, ultimately, increase its consumption. From the use of fire to
nuclear energy, all advances have driven human progress.

Electricity has been a fundamental pillar in the development of humanity since its
discovery and practical application. Although electrical phenomena have been observed since
ancient times, it was only in the 18th century that scientists such as Benjamin Franklin began
to study them systematically.
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Bibliography

Paulo, Beatus Romao, 12th grade, 1st Edition. MAPUTO, JANEIRO de 2009. 2st screening

Rodrigues, Celia, TEXTO Editores, Lda-Moçambique, Acbar Khan

@ 2007, Texto Editores, Lda