MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
Languages
LESSON 4
Prepared by Ms. Nica Rose Bron
CONTENTS
1 Media Languages
and its types
3 Codes and
2 Semiotics Conventions
4 Image Analysis
MEDIA LANGUAGE
refers to the way
different types of media
use various techniques to
communicate messages
to an audience.
use of visual elements to
VISUAL convey messages and
LANGUAGE ideas.
such as photograph, color,
symbols, and composition
(camera angles and shots)
how media communicate
meaning beyond words.
use of sound and auditory
AURAL elements to convey meaning.
LANGUAGE sound effects, music,
voiceover or narration.
diegetic and non-diegetic
sound.
helps to set the atmosphere
and mood also define the
genre of a piece.
use of text as a form of
WRITTEN communication in various
LANGUAGE media formats.
textual elements such as
headlines, subtitles and
captions.
choice of words: language
can be creative or formal.
VERBAL use of spoken words and
LANGUAGE how the language is
delivered.
it includes tone and
style, dialogue, and
persuasion techniques.
communicating without
VERBAL
NONVERBAL spoken or written words.
LANGUAGE
it involves using body
language such as facial
expressions, gestures, and
action to convey
messages, emotions, and
meaning.
SEMIOTICS
study of signs and symbols
TYPES OF MEANING
DENOTATION
The literal or CONNOTATION
The potential or
obvious meaning suggested meaning–
–dictionary beyond its literal
definition of a definition.
word.
MEDIA
CODES
tools and techniques used
in media production to
communicate messages
to an audience.
TYPES OF MEDIA CODES
DIEGETIC AND
TECHNICAL CODES NON-DIEGETIC SOUND
equipment is used to
tell the story in a media EDITING, TRANSITION,
MONTAGE
CAMERA TECHNIQUES:
Shot Types, Angles, LIGHTING
and Movements
TYPES OF MEDIA CODES
SYMBOLIC CODES
use of symbols and signs
that convey deeper
meanings
COLORS COSTUME AND ACTIONS
PROPS
MAKEUP
MEDIA
CONVENTIONS
established practices and
techniques used in various
forms of media to convey
meaning and structure content.
types of MEDIA CONVENTIONS
Format Conventions
Arrangement of media
Ex. Series/Episodes
Genre Conventions
Common plots. Ex. Fantasy
Settings. Ex. Haunted house
MEDIA CONVENTIONS
NARATIVE AND PLOT
STING IN THE TAIL
Ending is complete surprise
and unexpected.
OPEN ENDING
Leaves the conclusion unresolved.
MANIPULATION OF TIME
Flashbacks, Foreshadowing.
MEDIA CONVENTIONS
CHARACTERS
SYMPATHETIC CHARACTERS
evoke empathy from the
audience.
UNSYMPATHETIC CHARACTERS
evoke negative feelings, such
as hate or frustration.
MEDIA CONVENTIONS
CHARACTERS
Im a g e
ANALYSIs
AGE ANALYSIS
IM tio n of
th e ex t ra c
n in g fu l
mea fro m
for m a ti o n
in
ima ge s
HOW IS THE IMAGE CREATED?
FRAMING
It refers to how you
compose or
arrange everything
in a picture.
CAMERA ANGLE
s ho w y ou
It re f er
o sit io n th e
p n
e r a w h e
cam to or
in g a p h o
tak .
vi d eo
LOW ANGLE HIGH ANGLE
camera looks up, making camera looks down,
the person seem bigger making the person seem
or more powerful. smaller or weaker.
ERA DISTANCE
CAM
f e rs h o w
It re ra
th e c a m e
fa r
is fr o m th e
sub je c t
EXTREME LONG SHOT (LANDSCAPE)
LONG SHOT (GROUP OF PEOPLE)
MEDIUM SHOT (ONE OR TWO PEOPLE)
CLOSE UP (FACE)
EXTREME CLOSE UP (PART OF THE FACE)
DEPTH OF FIELD
(DO F)
e f er s h ow
It r o to
c h o f a p h
mu s .
is in f o cu
Depth focus photography
(whole scene in focus)
Conventional photography
(focus on the main object
with the background out of
focus.)
SOFT FOCUS
“DREAMY EFFECT”
YOOL
OF
TYPES
CAMERA MOVEMENTS
01 PAN (SHORT FOR PANORAMA) 04 CRANE
02 TRACKING (OR DOLLY) 05 HANDHELD
03 TILT SHOT 06 ZOOM
PAN OR PANORAMA
The camera moves
horizontally from side to side.
TRACKING
(OR DOLLY)
The camera moves on track (or
wheels) to give a smooth movement.
TILT SHOT
The camera moves up and down
while staying in one place.
ZOOM SHOT
The camera lens changes focal length to
get closer to or further from the subject
without moving the camera itself.
HANDHELD SHOT
The camera is held manually, resulting in a
more shaky and dynamic feel
CRANE SHOT
The camera is raised or
lowered using a crane.
CONTENT (WHAT IS IN THE IMAGE)
Mise-en-scene
It is a French term
that means
"placing on stage."
It refers to everything
that appears in a
scene of a film or play.
Visual aspects of a scene.
