PRESENCE OF
IONS IN
TOOTHPASTE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Theory
4. Requirements
5. Test for different samples
6. Comparative table
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
There is a wide variety of toothpastes and
related products available today in the
market for oral hygiene. However, for a
common man, differentiation on the basis
of quality is really difficult with all the
fancy advertisements and offers. A
toothpaste contains a mildly abrasive
substance such as calcium carbonate and
a detergent or soap, some sweetening
agent other than sugar and flavouring oils
to make it pleasant to taste and smell.
Some toothpastes contain fluorides which
make the enamel surface of the tooth
more resistant to bacterial activity and act
against microorganisms as a metabolic
poison.
Generally, any standard toothpaste
contains calcium carbonate, sodium
monofluorophosphate, sodium lauryl
sulphate, zinc sulphate, alum, some
flavouring oils are also added. This project
basically deals with the detection of
various ions in toothpaste.
THEORY
In qualitative analysis, the given
compound is analysed for the radicals,
that is, cations and anions that it contains.
The common procedure on testing an
unknown salt is to make its solution and
then test this solution for the ions present
in it. Then preliminary test such as colour,
odour, dry heating, flame test etc. are
performed. These tests are common for
all samples under salt analysis. Further,
there are separate procedures for
detecting the cations and anions.
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL
(ANION)
After the preliminary test are over with, to
identify the anion, three indicatory tests
are carried out. They can be divided into
three categories, each with separate
group reagent. Therefore, anion may be
identified by performing the following
tests in the order given. Dilute H2SO4 test,
Concentrated H2SO4 test, Independent
Group(SO4²¯, PO4³¯). After an anion is
indicated, confirmatory tests are carried
out, corresponding to the anion.
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS
(CATION)
To identify the cations, we have been
using the flame test. It is confirmed on the
basis of corresponding test.
OBJECTIVE
To check the presence of ions in the
toothpaste and determine its quality by
qualitative analysis.
REQUIREMENTS
1.Toothpastes:
Colgate
Close Up
2.Chemicals:
Hydrochloric acid, Dilute Sulphuric acid,
Concentrated Sulphuric acid, Barium
chloride, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium
hydroxide, Ammonium carbonate, Acetic
acid, Nitric acid, Silver nitrate, Calcium
chloride, Potassium Ferrocyanide, H2S gas.
3.Equipments:
Test tubes, Beakers, Flasks, Flame, Spatula
etc.
TEST FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLE(Test on
colgate)
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take a part of the CO₃²⁻ confirmed.
solution and add Formation of white
MgSO₄⁻ solution. ppt.
Take a part of the Formation of white Ca²⁺ confirmed.
solution and add ppt.
ammonium
hydroxide(1-
2ml).
Take a part of a Formation of white PO₄²⁻ confirmed.
solution and add ppt.
magnesium
mixture.
Acidify a portion A yellow ppt is I confirmed.
of aqueous formed which is
solution with insoluble in NH₄OH.
dilute HNO₃ . Boil
and cool and add
AgNO₃ .
Take a small Vinegar smell CH₃COO⁻ absent.
quantity of the observed.
solution and add
oxalic acid.
Prepare the
paste of it with a
few drops of
water rub and
smell.
To one part of No reaction Pb absent.
the solution add
KI.
To one part of Formation of white Mg present.
the solution and ppt.
add solid NH₄Cl
and NH₄ OH in
slight excess and
then add
ammonium
phosphate.
COLOUR OF THE PASTE- WHITE
IONS PRESENT: Mg2+, I+, PO43- ,Ca2+,CO₃²⁻.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1. CO₃²⁻+ MgSO₄ → MgCO₃ + SO₄²⁻
2. 2. CO₃²⁻+2CH₃COOH⁻→
(CH₃COOH⁻)2Ca+H₂O
3. 3. (CH₃COOH⁻)2Ca+ (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ →
2CHCOONH₄
+CaC₂O₄.
4. 4.
NaHPO₄⁻+MgCl₂+NH₄OH→Mg(NH₄)PO₄+
2NaCl+H₂O.
5. I+AgNO₃→NO₃+AgI(yellow ppt)
6. (COOH)₂+2CH₃COONa→NO
REACTION
7. Pb+2KI→NO REACTION
8. MgCl₂+NH₄OH+
(NH₃)₂HPO₄→Mg(NH₄)PO₄+ 2NH₄⁺
9. 221
+MgSO4 → MgCO3
TEST FOR CLOSEUP
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take a part of the SO32- confirmed.
solution and add Formation of white
BaCl2 solution. ppt.
Take a part of the Prussian blue colour Fe3+confirmed.
solution and add
dilute HCl and
add potassium
Ferrocyanide.
Take a part of a Formation of white Ca2+confirmed.
solution add ppt.
ammonium
hydroxide .
IONS PRESENT- SO32-, Fe3+, Ca2+
CONCLUSION
Hence after testing two different samples
of toothpaste, we find that colgate has all
the necessary for stronger and white
teeth.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. PRADEEP′S CHEMISTRY
2. BRITANNICA ENCLYCLOPEDIA
3. NCERT CHEMISTRY
4. CHEMISTRY TODAY
5. WIKIPEDIA
6. 221
