Module

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

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.1 , . 2 ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____,
The following text is adapted from Ida B. Wells’s One challenge of generating electricity from ocean
1970 autobiography A Crusade for Justice. Mr. Watts waves is that wave power isn’t _______: it varies in
is a reference to George Frederic Watts, an English unpredictable ways that pose technological and
painter. planning problems for electricity generation.
[Manchester’s] art galleries are so arranged that Which choice completes the text with the most
the name of every picture is plainly seen and one logical and precise word or phrase?
has no need of a catalogue to pick out the name
A) accidental
and the artist. This is a convenience to the
general public, which other art galleries, which B) confident
shall be nameless, might copy to advantage. To C) expensive
her treasure of art Manchester has added
D) consistent
Mr. Watts’ latest picture, the Good Samaritan.
©1970 by the University of Chicago Press

As used in the text, what does the word “arranged” 3

most nearly mean?
Due to their often strange images, highly
A) Organized experimental syntax, and opaque subject matter,
B) Ranked many of John Ashbery’s poems can be quite difficult
to ______ and thus are the object of heated debate
C) Scheduled among scholars.
D) Discussed
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) delegate
B) compose
C) interpret
D) renounce

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4 6
Diego Velázquez was the leading artist in the court The following text is adapted from
of King Philip IV of Spain during the Cynthia Kadohata’s 2004 novel Kira-Kira.
seventeenth century, but his influence was hardly
[Uncle Katsuhisa] was as loud as my father was
_______ Spain: realist and impressionist painters
quiet. Even when he wasn’t talking, he made a lot
around the world employed his techniques and
of noise, clearing his throat and sniffing and
echoed elements of his style.
tapping his fingers.
Which choice completes the text with the most ©2004 by Cynthia Kadohata
logical and precise word or phrase? Which choice best describes the function of the
A) derived from underlined sentence?
B) recognized in A) It lists the kinds of topics Uncle Katsuhisa enjoys
C) confined to discussing.
D) repressed by B) It suggests that Uncle Katsuhisa dislikes meeting
new people.
C) It contrasts Uncle Katsuhisa with the narrator’s
5 father.
Although science fiction was dominated mostly by D) It describes a conversation between the narrator
white male authors when Octavia Butler, a and the narrator’s father.
Black woman, began writing, she did not view the
genre as _______: Butler broke into the field with
the publication of several short stories and her 7
1976 novel Patternmaster, and she later became the Wakako Yamauchi is best known for And the Soul
first science fiction writer to win a prestigious Shall Dance, her 1977 play about a Japanese
MacArthur Fellowship. American family in Southern California. The play is
Which choice completes the text with the most based on a short story Yamauchi had published
logical and precise word or phrase? three years earlier. Adapting the story wasn’t easy.
Theater relies on dialogue between characters, but
A) legitimate the original story features little dialogue and instead
B) impenetrable describes its characters’ silent thoughts. To transform
C) compelling the story into a play, Yamauchi created situations
where characters reveal their thoughts by speaking
D) indecipherable them aloud during conversations with each other.
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A) It offers information about how Yamauchi
adapted her short story into a play.
B) It argues that Yamauchi’s play influenced later
playwrights.
C) It explains why Yamauchi’s short story is better
known than the play adaptation is.
D) It describes how Yamauchi chose the actors who
performed in the play.

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8 9
In response to concerns that some recent financial Text 1
crises were exacerbated by consumers When companies in the same industry propose
misunderstanding risks associated with credit cards, merging with one another, they often claim that the
loans, and other financial products, policymakers in merger will benefit consumers by increasing
many countries have instituted risk-disclosure efficiency and therefore lowering prices. Economist
requirements on sellers of those products. Enrique Ying Fan investigated this notion in the context of
Seira et al. investigated a variety of risk-disclosure the United States newspaper market. She modeled a
messages sent to thousands of credit card customers hypothetical merger of Minneapolis-area newspapers
and found that the messages had only small and and found that subscription prices would rise
short-lived effects on behavior. Seira et al. asserted following a merger.
that such effects may nevertheless be worth pursuing,
Text 2
given the negligible cost of messaging.
Economists Dario Focarelli and Fabio Panetta have
Which choice best describes the function of the argued that research on the effect of mergers on
underlined portion in the text as a whole? prices has focused excessively on short-term effects,
which tend to be adverse for consumers. Using the
A) It notes a factor that led Seira et al. to not dismiss
case of consumer banking in Italy, they show that
risk-disclosure messaging altogether despite
over the long term (several years, in their study), the
their evidence of its limited utility.
efficiency gains realized by merged companies do
B) It acknowledges a type of risk-disclosure result in economic benefits for consumers.
messaging that Seira et al. may not have fully
accounted for in their study. Based on the texts, how would Focarelli and Panetta
(Text 2) most likely respond to Fan’s findings
C) It describes a consideration that explains why (Text 1)?
Seira et al. recommended risk-disclosure
messaging even though its effects may be small A) They would recommend that Fan compare the
relative to its costs. near-term effect of a merger on subscription
prices in the Minneapolis area with the effect of a
D) It points out a circumstance that Seira et al.
merger in another newspaper market.
conceded may make risk-disclosure messaging
more effective than their study suggests. B) They would argue that over the long term the
expenses incurred by the merged newspaper
company will also increase.
C) They would encourage Fan to investigate
whether the projected effect on subscription
prices persists over an extended period.
D) They would claim that mergers have a different
effect on consumer prices in the newspaper
industry than in most other industries.

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10 12
Utah is home to Pando, a colony of about Maximum Height of Maple Trees
47,000 quaking aspen trees that all share a single root When Fully Grown
system. Pando is one of the largest single organisms
by mass on Earth, but ecologists are worried that its Maximum Native to
growth is declining in part because of grazing by Tree type height (feet) North America
animals. The ecologists say that strong fences could Sugar maple 75 yes
prevent deer from eating young trees and help Pando Silver maple 70 yes
start thriving again. Red maple 60 yes
Japanese maple 25 no
According to the text, why are ecologists worried
Norway maple 50 no
about Pando?
A) It isn’t growing at the same rate it used to. For a school project, a forestry student needs to
B) It isn’t producing young trees anymore. recommend a maple tree that is native to
North America and won’t grow more than 60 feet in
C) It can’t grow into new areas because it is blocked height. Based on the characteristics of five common
by fences. maple trees, she has decided to select a _______
D) Its root system can’t support many more new
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
trees.
table to complete the text?
A) silver maple.
11 B) sugar maple.
Recordings of Female Bottlenose C) red maple.
Dolphins with Their Calves
D) Norway maple.
Dolphin ID Recording year
FB07 2012
FB25 1989
FB43 1992
FB79 2018

In a study of bottlenose dolphins, biologist

Laela S. Sayigh and a team of researchers analyzed
recordings of female bottlenose dolphins interacting
with their calves.
According to the table, in which year was the dolphin
with the ID FB43 recorded with her calf?
A) 1999
B) 2012
C) 2020
D) 1992

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Which choice best describes data in the graph that

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13
support Ayalew and her colleagues’ hypothesis?
Metal Content of Plants with
and without Kanamycin A) The control plants contained higher levels of
Exposure zinc than iron, but plants exposed to kanamycin
contained higher levels of iron than zinc.
B) Both groups of plants contained more than
200 parts per million of both iron and zinc.
C) Zinc levels were around 300 parts per million in
the control plants but nearly 400 parts per
million in the plants exposed to kanamycin.
D) The plants exposed to kanamycin showed lower
levels of iron and zinc than the control
plants did.

Many plants lose their leaf color when exposed to

kanamycin, an antibiotic produced by some soil
microorganisms. Spelman College biologist
Mentewab Ayalew and her colleagues hypothesized
that plants’ response to kanamycin exposure involves
altering their uptake of metals, such as iron and zinc.
The researchers grew two groups of seedlings of the
plant Arabidopsis thaliana, half of which were
exposed to kanamycin and half of which were a
control group without exposure to kanamycin, and
measured the plants’ metal content five days after
germination.

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Which choice best describes data from the table that

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14
support the researcher’s hypothesis?
Average Number and Duration of Torpor Bouts
and Arousal Episodes for Alaska Marmots and A) The Alaska marmots’ arousal episodes lasted for
Arctic Ground Squirrels, 2008–2011 days, while the Arctic ground squirrels’ arousal
Arctic ground episodes lasted less than a day.
Feature Alaska marmots squirrels B) The Alaska marmots and the Arctic ground
torpor bouts 12 10.5 squirrels both maintained torpor for several
duration per bout 13.81 days 16.77 days consecutive days per bout, on average.
arousal episodes 11 9.5 C) The Alaska marmots had shorter torpor bouts
duration per episode 21.2 hours 14.2 hours and longer arousal episodes than the Arctic
ground squirrels did.
When hibernating, Alaska marmots and Arctic
ground squirrels enter a state called torpor, which D) The Alaska marmots had more torpor bouts
minimizes the energy their bodies need to function. than arousal episodes, but their arousal episodes
Often a hibernating animal will temporarily come were much shorter than their torpor bouts.
out of torpor (called an arousal episode) and its
metabolic rate will rise, burning more of the precious
energy the animal needs to survive the winter. Alaska
marmots hibernate in groups and therefore burn
less energy keeping warm during these episodes
than they would if they were alone. A researcher
hypothesized that because Arctic ground squirrels
hibernate alone, they would likely exhibit longer
bouts of torpor and shorter arousal episodes than
Alaska marmots.

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 ■ 5-sided cells
□ 7-sided cells
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Which choice most effectively uses data from the

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15
graph to complete the student’s conclusion?
Percentage ofNonhexagonal Cells in
Hives of Three Honeybee Species A) cells for worker eggs are probably closer in size
to cells for drone eggs in the hives of the
western honeybee than in the hives of the
dwarf honeybee and the black dwarf honeybee.
B) both the western honeybee and the black dwarf
honeybee probably reserve eight-sided cells for
drone eggs, while the dwarf honeybee likely
deposits drone eggs in seven-sided cells.
C) the western honeybee probably relies on many
more geometrical shapes when constructing cells
than either the dwarf honeybee or the
black dwarf honeybee does.
D) the percentage of hexagonal cells is probably
slightly lower in the hives of the western
honeybee than in the hives of the
dwarf honeybee and the black dwarf honeybee.

Honeybee hives consist mainly of hexagonal

(six-sided) units called cells, in which queens lay
eggs. Hexagonal cells for eggs that develop into
nonreproductive workers are smaller than those for
eggs that develop into reproductive drones, though
the size difference varies by species. Difference in cell
size results in a construction problem—it’s hard to
neatly connect sections of small cells to sections of
large cells—that worsens as the difference increases.
To fill in gaps between the sections when building a
hive, bees rely on cells that have more or fewer than
six sides. A student studying beehive structure
consults data on three species, concluding
that _______

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ALSOL is a microcredit program in Mexico that In documents called judicial opinions, judges explain
makes small loans to female entrepreneurs who lack the reasoning behind their legal rulings, and in those
the collateral and credit history to secure financing explanations they sometimes cite and discuss
from conventional banks. Borrowers use their historical and contemporary philosophers. Legal
business proceeds to repay loans in equal weekly scholar and philosopher Anita L. Allen argues that
installments and incur no penalty for missed while judges are naturally inclined to mention
payments other than lack of access to larger loans. philosophers whose views align with their own
Economists Gustavo Barboza and Sandra Trejos positions, the strongest judicial opinions consider
analyzed ALSOL data and found that rural and rebut potential objections; discussing
borrowers, who mostly make and sell handicrafts, philosophers whose views conflict with judges’ views
miss payments more often than urban borrowers do, could therefore _______
partly because they sell their goods less frequently
Which choice most logically completes the text?
than they could. Barboza and Trejos claim that this
behavior reflects strategic decisions that enable rural A) allow judges to craft judicial opinions without
women to increase their profits per unit sold. needing to consult philosophical works.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support B) help judges improve the arguments they put
Barboza and Trejos’s claim? forward in their judicial opinions.

A) Many marketplaces require entrepreneurs to pay C) make judicial opinions more comprehensible to
marketplace operators a fixed percentage of each readers without legal or philosophical training.
day’s proceeds in exchange for permission to sell D) bring judicial opinions in line with views that are
goods there. broadly held among philosophers.
B) Rural entrepreneurs can typically sell their goods
for higher prices in cities than in their home
areas, but the number of people selling
competing goods tends to be higher in cities.
C) Due to the lower costs they incur, rural
entrepreneurs tend to require smaller initial
loans than urban entrepreneurs do.
D) The cost to rural entrepreneurs to bring their
goods to towns with marketplaces is high but
largely independent of the number of goods they
bring.

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18 20
Although military veterans make up a small The classic children’s board game Chutes and
proportion of the total population of the Ladders is a version of an ancient Nepalese game,
United States, they occupy a significantly higher Paramapada Sopanapata. In both games, players
proportion of the jobs in the civilian government. encounter “good” or “bad” spaces while traveling
One possible explanation for this disproportionate along a path; landing on one of the good spaces
representation is that military service familiarizes _______ a player to skip ahead and arrive closer to
people with certain organizational structures that are the end goal.
also reflected in the civilian government bureaucracy,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
and this familiarity thus _______
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) allows
A) makes civilian government jobs especially B) are allowing
appealing to military veterans.
C) have allowed
B) alters the typical relationship between military
service and subsequent career preferences. D) allow
C) encourages nonveterans applying for civilian
government jobs to consider military service 21
instead.
In 1930, Japanese American artist Chiura Obata
D) increases the number of civilian government jobs depicted the natural beauty of Yosemite National
that require some amount of military experience Park in two memorable woodcuts: Evening at Carl
to perform. Inn and Lake Basin in the High Sierra. In 2019,
_______ exhibited alongside 150 of Obata’s other
works in a single-artist show at the Smithsonian
19
American Art Museum.
A member of the Cherokee Nation, Mary Golda Ross
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
is renowned for her contributions to NASA’s
to the conventions of Standard English?
Planetary Flight Handbook, which _______ detailed
mathematical guidance for missions to Mars and A) it was
Venus. B) they were
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms C) this was
to the conventions of Standard English?
D) some were
A) provided
B) having provided
C) to provide
D) providing

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22 24
Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the As cheesemaking practices spread throughout
“godfather of rap,” a title that has appeared in Europe and Asia during and after the Neolithic,
hundreds of articles about him since the 1990s. Scott- divergent strategies for preserving milk _______
Heron himself resisted the godfather _______ feeling whereas rennet-coagulated cheesemaking became
that it didn’t encapsulate his devotion to the broader key to milk preservation in Europe and
African American blues music tradition as well as Southwest Asia, acid-heat coagulation methods
“bluesologist,” the moniker he preferred. became common among nomadic herding
populations of the northeastern Eurasian steppe.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) nickname, however
B) nickname, however; A) emerged
C) nickname, however, B) emerged and
D) nickname; however, C) emerged:
D) emerged,

23
25
Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb
gases needed for plant growth, open when guard cells Recent pollen analyses of the Aran Islands have led
surrounding each pore swell with water. In a pivotal some researchers to propose that the now treeless
2007 article, plant cell _______ showed that lipid islands were once wooded. This hypothesis _______
molecules called phosphatidylinositol phosphates are that certain trees, such as P. sylvestris, survived
responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata. without interruption or human intervention
throughout the Holocene cannot stand, researchers
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Michael O’Connell and Karen Molloy counter,
to the conventions of Standard English?
unless other explanations can first be ruled out.
A) biologist, Yuree Lee
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) biologist Yuree Lee, to the conventions of Standard English?
C) biologist Yuree Lee A) suggesting
D) biologist, Yuree Lee, B) suggested
C) suggests
D) has suggested

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26 28
Researchers studying the “terra-cotta army,” the Some members of the US Supreme Court have
thousands of life-size statues of warriors found resisted calls to televise the court’s oral arguments,
interred near the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang of concerned that the participants would be tempted to
China, were shocked to realize that the shape of each perform for the cameras (and thus lower the quality
statue’s ears, like the shape of each person’s ears, of the discourse). _______ the justices worry that
_______ unique. most viewers would not even watch the full
deliberations, only short clips that could be
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
misinterpreted and mischaracterized.
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text with the most
A) are
logical transition?
B) is
A) However,
C) were
B) Additionally,
D) have been
C) In comparison,
D) For example,
27
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s 2013 novel
29
Americanah chronicles the divergent experiences of
Ifemelu and Obinze, a young Nigerian couple, after The more diverse and wide ranging an animal’s
high school. Ifemelu moves to the United States to behaviors, the larger and more energy demanding
attend a prestigious university. ______ Obinze the animal’s brain tends to be. ______ from an
travels to London, hoping to start a career there. evolutionary perspective, animals that perform only
However, frustrated with the lack of opportunities, basic actions should allocate fewer resources to
he soon returns to Nigeria. growing and maintaining brain tissue. The
specialized subtypes of ants within colonies provide
Which choice completes the text with the most
an opportunity to explore this hypothesis.
logical transition?
Which choice completes the text with the most
A) Meanwhile,
logical transition?
B) Nevertheless,
A) Subsequently,
C) Secondly,
B) Besides,
D) In fact,
C) Nevertheless,
D) Thus,

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30 31
A firefly uses specialized muscles to draw oxygen While researching a topic, a student has taken the
into its lower abdomen through narrow tubes, following notes:
triggering a chemical reaction whereby the oxygen
• NASA uses rovers, large remote vehicles with
combines with chemicals in the firefly’s abdomen to
wheels, to explore the surface of Mars.
produce a glow. _______ when the firefly stops
drawing in oxygen, the reaction—and the • NASA’s rovers can’t explore regions inaccessible
glow—cease. to wheeled vehicles.
Which choice completes the text with the most • Rovers are also heavy, making them difficult to
logical transition? land on the planet’s surface.
A) For instance, • Microprobes, robotic probes that weigh as little as
50 milligrams, could be deployed virtually
B) By contrast,
anywhere on the surface of Mars.
C) Specifically,
• Microprobes have been proposed as an alternative
D) In conclusion, to rovers.
The student wants to explain an advantage of
microprobes. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?
A) Despite being heavy, NASA’s rovers can land
successfully on the surface of Mars.
B) Microprobes, which weigh as little as
50 milligrams, could explore areas of Mars that
are inaccessible to NASA’s heavy, wheeled
rovers.
C) NASA currently uses its rovers on Mars, but
microprobes have been proposed as an
alternative.
D) Though they are different sizes, both
microprobes and rovers can be used to explore
the surface of Mars.

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32 33

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Severo Ochoa discovered the enzyme PNPase • Cecilia Vicuña is a multidisciplinary artist.
in 1955.
• In 1971, her first solo art exhibition, Pinturas,
• PNPase is involved in both the creation and poemas y explicaciones, was shown at the
degradation of mRNA. Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Santiago, Chile.
• Ochoa incorrectly hypothesized that PNPase • Her poetry collection Precario/Precarious was
provides the genetic blueprints for mRNA. published in 1983 by Tanam Press.
• The discovery of PNPase proved critical to • Her poetry collection Instan was published in
deciphering the human genetic code. 2002 by Kelsey St. Press.
• Deciphering the genetic code has led to a better • She lives part time in Chile, where she was born,
understanding of how genetic variations affect and part time in New York.
human health.
The student wants to introduce the artist’s 1983
The student wants to emphasize the significance of poetry collection. Which choice most effectively uses
Ochoa’s discovery. Which choice most effectively relevant information from the notes to accomplish
uses relevant information from the notes to this goal?
accomplish this goal?
A) Before she published the books
A) Ochoa’s 1955 discovery of PNPase proved Precario/Precarious (1983) and Instan (2002),
critical to deciphering the human genetic code, Cecilia Vicuña exhibited visual art at the
leading to a better understanding of how genetic Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes in Santiago,
variations affect human health. Chile.
B) Ochoa first discovered PNPase, an enzyme that B) Cecilia Vicuña is a true multidisciplinary artist
he hypothesized contained the genetic blueprints whose works include numerous poetry
for mRNA, in 1955. collections and visual art exhibitions.
C) In 1955, Ochoa discovered the PNPase enzyme, C) Published in 1983 by Tanam Press,
which is involved in both the creation and Precario/Precarious is a collection of poetry by
degradation of mRNA. the multidisciplinary artist Cecilia Vicuña.
D) Though his discovery of PNPase was critical to D) In 1971, Cecilia Vicuña exhibited her first solo
deciphering the human genetic code, Ochoa art exhibition, Pinturas, poemas y explicaciones,
incorrectly hypothesized that the enzyme was the in Chile, her country of birth.
source of mRNA’s genetic blueprints.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

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.1 , . 2 ,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____,
The following text is from Anita Desai’s 2011 novella Predatory animals differ widely in how they
Translator Translated. While working on her _______ food for their young. Some leave dead prey
translation of a novel written in Odia (a language of nearby for their young to consume, some bring live
India) into English, the narrator looks out her prey to their young, and some feed their young
window at night to clear her mind. directly from their own mouths.
I tried to distract myself with these sights of the Which choice completes the text with the most
ordinary world, but in my mind it was the lines I logical and precise word or phrase?
had been translating and the lines that I had
A) avoid
been writing that remained in the forefront. I
longed for sleep to obliterate them but it eluded B) guess
me. Perhaps everything would be normal again C) provide
once I had sent off the manuscript, I thought,
D) describe
and looked forward to completing the work.
©2011 by Anita Desai

As used in the text, what does the word “completing” 3

most nearly mean?
Nigerian American author Teju Cole’s ______ his
A) Destroying two passions—photography and the written
B) Finishing word—culminates in his 2017 book, Blind Spot,
which evocatively combines his original photographs
C) Advertising from his travels with his poetic prose.
D) Rejecting
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) indifference to
B) enthusiasm for
C) concern about
D) surprise at

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4 6
Artist Marilyn Dingle’s intricate, coiled baskets are Oral histories—whether they consist of interviews
_______ sweetgrass and palmetto palm. Following a or recordings of songs and stories—can offer
Gullah technique that originated in West Africa, researchers a rich view of people’s everyday
Dingle skillfully winds a thin palm frond around a experiences. For her book about coal mining
bunch of sweetgrass with the help of a “sewing bone” communities in Kentucky during the twentieth
to create the basket’s signature look that no factory century, Karida Brown therefore relied in part on
can reproduce. interviews with coal miners and their families. By
doing so, she gained valuable insights into her
Which choice completes the text with the most
subjects’ day-to-day lives.
logical and precise word or phrase?
Which choice best describes the function of the
A) indicated by
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
B) handmade from
A) It provides a little-known geographical fact
C) represented by about Kentucky.
D) collected with B) It argues that Karida Brown is an expert on
United States politics.
5 C) It presents a major historical event that took
place in the twentieth century.
Beginning in the 1950s, Navajo Nation legislator
Annie Dodge Wauneka continuously worked to D) It describes how Karida Brown benefited from
promote public health; this _______ effort involved incorporating oral history in her book.
traveling throughout the vast Navajo homeland
and writing a medical dictionary for speakers of
Diné bizaad, the Navajo language.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) impartial
B) offhand
C) persistent
D) mandatory

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The following text is from Georgia Douglas The following text is from Edith Wharton’s 1905
Johnson’s 1922 poem “Benediction.” novel The House of Mirth. Lily Bart and a companion
are walking through a park.
Go forth, my son,
Winged by my heart’s desire! Lily had no real intimacy with nature, but she
Great reaches, yet unknown, had a passion for the appropriate and could be
Await keenly sensitive to a scene which was the fitting
For your possession. background of her own sensations. The
I may not, if I would, landscape outspread below her seemed an
Retrace the way with you, enlargement of her present mood, and she found
My pilgrimage is through, something of herself in its calmness, its breadth,
But life is calling you! its long free reaches. On the nearer slopes the
sugar-maples wavered like pyres of light; lower
Which choice best states the main purpose of the
down was a massing of grey orchards, and here
text?
and there the lingering green of an oak-grove.
A) To express hope that a child will have the same
Which choice best describes the function of the
accomplishments as his parent did
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
B) To suggest that raising a child involves many
struggles A) It creates a detailed image of the physical setting
of the scene.
C) To warn a child that he will face many challenges
throughout his life B) It establishes that a character is experiencing an
internal conflict.
D) To encourage a child to embrace the experiences
life will offer C) It makes an assertion that the next sentence then
expands on.
D) It illustrates an idea that is introduced in the
previous sentence.

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9 10
Individual elephants and Arctic herbivores such In the 1960s, Gloria Richardson led a movement to
as caribou tend to have fixed geographic ranges promote racial equality. Her involvement in this
throughout their lifetimes, which had prompted effort was inspired by her daughter, Donna
some researchers to speculate that the Arctic woolly Richardson. In 1961, Donna joined protests
mammoth, an extinct elephantid, might have organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
exhibited similar behavior. Mammoth tusks grew in Committee in Cambridge, Maryland. Following her
sequential layers, incorporating ingested minerals daughter, Gloria joined these protests too. Gloria
and organics, and so each ivory stratum reflects the soon became the cochair of the Cambridge
ratio of strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in the local Nonviolent Action Committee. She was also the
environment; thus, the sequence of strata shows leader of what became known as the Cambridge
where the animal roamed during life. Recent analysis movement.
of the strontium ratios in the strata of one Arctic
According to the text, what did Gloria Richardson
woolly mammoth tusk in relation to the geographic
lead?
distribution of strontium ratios in the environment
shows the animal’s range begin to expand as it A) The Cambridge movement
reached sexual maturity, only to contract again in its B) Her daughter Donna’s high school
final 1.5 years.
C) Protests to support environmental protections
Which choice best describes the function of the
D) A new business in Cambridge, Maryland
underlined statement in the text as a whole?
A) It discusses a characteristic shared by certain
animals in order to explain why researchers
raised a possibility that turned out not to be
supported by data described later in the text.
B) It illustrates a pattern of behavior among certain
animals in order to present a theory about
exceptions to that pattern that is weakened by a
finding described later in the text.
C) It describes a similarity in the behavior of certain
animals in order to show why a method
described later in the text did not reveal whether
another animal also showed that behavior.
D) It introduces a trait shared by certain animals in
order to contextualize a hypothesis about the
origin of that trait that is advanced later in the
text.

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11 12
The following text is from Jane Austen’s 1811 novel Culinary anthropologist Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor
Sense and Sensibility. Elinor lives with her younger may be known for her decades of work in national
sisters and her mother, Mrs. Dashwood. public television and radio, but her book Vibration
Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl is
Elinor, this eldest daughter, whose advice was so
likely her most influential project. The 1970 book,
effectual, possessed a strength of understanding,
whose title refers to Smart-Grosvenor’s roots in the
and coolness of judgment, which qualified her,
Low Country of South Carolina, was unusual for its
though only nineteen, to be the counsellor of her
time. It combined memoir, recipes, travel writing,
mother, and enabled her frequently to
and social commentary and challenged notions about
counteract, to the advantage of them all, that
conventions of food and cooking. Long admired
eagerness of mind in Mrs. Dashwood which
by many, the book and its author have shaped
must generally have led to imprudence. She had
contemporary approaches to writing about cuisine.
an excellent heart;—her disposition was
affectionate, and her feelings were strong; but Which choice best describes the main idea of the
she knew how to govern them: it was a text?
knowledge which her mother had yet to learn;
A) Smart-Grosvenor’s unconventional book
and which one of her sisters had resolved never
Vibration Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a
to be taught.
Geechee Girl is an important contribution to
According to the text, what is true about Elinor? food writing.
A) Elinor often argues with her mother but fails to B) Smart-Grosvenor held many different positions
change her mind. over her life, including reporter and food writer.
B) Elinor can be overly sensitive with regard to C) Smart-Grosvenor’s groundbreaking book
family matters. Vibration Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a
Geechee Girl didn’t receive the praise it deserved
C) Elinor thinks her mother is a bad role model.
when it was first published in 1970.
D) Elinor is remarkably mature for her age.
D) Smart-Grosvenor was a talented chef whose
work inspired many people to start cooking for
themselves.

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13 14
The following text is adapted from Charles W. “Mrs. Spring Fragrance” is a 1912 short story by
Chesnutt’s 1901 novel The Marrow of Tradition. Sui Sin Far. In the story, Mrs. Spring Fragrance, a
Chinese immigrant living in Seattle, is traveling in
Mrs. Ochiltree was a woman of strong
California. In letters to her husband and friend, she
individuality, whose comments upon her
demonstrates her concern for what’s happening at
acquaintance[s], present or absent, were marked
her home in Seattle while she is away: _______
by a frankness at times no less than startling.
This characteristic caused her to be more or less Which quotation from Mrs. Spring Fragrance’s
avoided. Mrs. Ochiltree was aware of this letters most effectively illustrates the claim?
sentiment on the part of her acquaintance[s],
A) “My honorable cousin is preparing for the Fifth
and rather exulted in it.
Moon Festival, and wishes me to compound for
Based on the text, what is true about Mrs. Ochiltree’s the occasion some American ‘fudge,’ for which
acquaintances? delectable sweet, made by my clumsy hands, you
have sometimes shown a slight prejudice.”
A) They try to refrain from discussing topics that
would upset Mrs. Ochiltree. B) “Next week I accompany Ah Oi to the beauteous
town of San José. There will we be met by the
B) They are unable to spend as much time with
son of the Illustrious Teacher.”
Mrs. Ochiltree as she would like.
C) “Forget not to care for the cat, the birds, and the
C) They are too preoccupied with their own
flowers. Do not eat too quickly nor fan too
concerns to speak with Mrs. Ochiltree.
vigorously now that the weather is warming.”
D) They are likely offended by what Mrs. Ochiltree
D) “I am enjoying a most agreeable visit, and
has said about them.
American friends, as also our own, strive
benevolently for the accomplishment of my
pleasure.”

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15 16
When digging for clams, their primary food, sea In the twentieth century, ethnographers made a
otters damage the roots of eelgrass plants growing concerted effort to collect Mexican American
on the seafloor. Near Vancouver Island in Canada, folklore, but they did not always agree about that
the otter population is large and well established, folklore’s origins. Scholars such as Aurelio Espinosa
yet the eelgrass meadows are healthier than those claimed that Mexican American folklore derived
found elsewhere off Canada’s coast. To explain largely from the folklore of Spain, which ruled
this, conservation scientist Erin Foster and Mexico and what is now the southwestern United
colleagues compared the Vancouver Island States from the sixteenth to early nineteenth
meadows to meadows where otters are absent or centuries. Scholars such as Américo Paredes, by
were reintroduced only recently. Finding that the contrast, argued that while some Spanish influence is
Vancouver Island meadows have a more diverse gene undeniable, Mexican American folklore is mainly the
pool than the others do, Foster hypothesized that product of the ongoing interactions of various
damage to eelgrass roots increases the plant’s rate of cultures in Mexico and the United States.
sexual reproduction; this, in turn, boosts genetic
Which finding, if true, would most directly support
diversity, which benefits the meadows’ health overall.
Paredes’s argument?
Which finding, if true, would most directly
A) The folklore that the ethnographers collected
undermine Foster’s hypothesis?
included several songs written in the form of a
A) At some sites in the study, eelgrass meadows are décima, a type of poem originating in late
found near otter populations that are small and sixteenth-century Spain.
have only recently been reintroduced. B) Much of the folklore that the ethnographers
B) At several sites not included in the study, there collected had similar elements from region to
are large, well-established sea otter populations region.
but no eelgrass meadows. C) Most of the folklore that the ethnographers
C) At several sites not included in the study, collected was previously unknown to scholars.
eelgrass meadows’ health correlates negatively D) Most of the folklore that the ethnographers
with the length of residence and size of otter collected consisted of corridos—ballads about
populations. history and social life—of a clearly recent origin.
D) At some sites in the study, the health of plants
unrelated to eelgrass correlates negatively with
the length of residence and size of otter
populations.

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17 18
Among social animals that care for their young, Aptamers—synthetic DNA or RNA molecules that
such as chickens, macaque monkeys, and humans, bind to target molecules—can be used to test for
newborns appear to show an innate attraction to foodborne bacterial pathogens, though their
faces and face-like stimuli. Elisabetta Versace and specificity (the probability of returning a negative
her colleagues used an image of three black dots result in the absence of the focal pathogen) in
arranged in the shape of eyes and a nose or mouth real-world foods has been unclear. Sandeep
to test whether this trait also occurs in Testudo Somvanshi et al. fabricated test paper incorporating
tortoises, which live alone and do not engage in aptamers targeting strain O157:H7 of the bacteria
parental care. They found that tortoise hatchlings Escherichia coli; the paper shifts from pink to purple
showed a significant preference for the image, as the aptamers bind to target molecules. Somvanshi
suggesting that ______ et al. tested the paper in store-bought pear juice they
treated with E. coli O157:H7, other strains of E. coli,
Which choice most logically completes the text?
or other bacteria species. Following exposure, the
A) face-like stimuli are likely perceived as harmless paper from the O157:H7 test was purple while
by newborns of social species that practice papers from the other tests were pink, suggesting
parental care but as threatening by newborns of that _______
solitary species without parental care.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
B) researchers should not assume that an innate
attraction to face-like stimuli is necessarily an A) aptamer-based tests in real-world foods are more
adaptation related to social interaction or likely to show a high degree of specificity if the
parental care. focal pathogen is E. coli O157:H7 than if the
focal pathogen is another strain of E. coli or
C) researchers can assume that the attraction to another species.
face-like stimuli that is seen in social species that
practice parental care is learned rather than B) uncertainty about the specificity of
innate. aptamer-based tests for pathogens in real-world
foods may be due to the similarity between
D) newly hatched Testudo tortoises show a stronger E. coli O157:H7 and other E. coli strains.
preference for face-like stimuli than adult
Testudo tortoises do. C) the specificity of the tests in a real-world food
was unaffected by the aptamers’ tendency to
bind to different strains of E. coli.
D) the aptamers successfully bound to E. coli
O157:H7 and the tests displayed a high degree
of specificity in a real-world food.

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19 21
British scientists James Watson and Francis Crick Interest in mechanotransduction, the mechanism by
won the Nobel Prize in part for their 1953 paper which cells sense and convert mechanical stimuli
announcing the double helix structure of DNA, but it into biochemical signals, is expanding because of
is misleading to say that Watson and Crick innovative work by biomedical scientists—many
discovered the double helix. _______ findings were of whom, like neuroscience and biophysics expert
based on a famous X-ray image of DNA fibers, Elba Serrano, _______ this mechanism to better
“Photo 51,” developed by X-ray crystallographer understand how the body’s neurological and
Rosalind Franklin and her graduate student biomechanical systems interact.
Raymond Gosling.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) is studying
A) They’re B) has studied
B) It’s C) study
C) Their D) studies
D) Its

22
20
In crafting her fantasy fiction, Nigerian-born British
In the historical novel The Surrender Tree, Cuban author Helen Oyeyemi has drawn inspiration from
American author Margarita Engle uses poetry rather the classic nineteenth-century fairy tales of the
than prose _______ the true story of Cuban folk Brothers Grimm. Her 2014 novel Boy, Snow, Bird,
hero Rosa La Bayamesa. for instance, is a complex retelling of the story of
Snow White, while her 2019 novel ______ offers a
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
delicious twist on the classic tale of Hansel and
to the conventions of Standard English?
Gretel.
A) tells
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) told to the conventions of Standard English?
C) is telling A) Gingerbread—
D) to tell B) Gingerbread,
C) Gingerbread
D) Gingerbread:

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23 25
Sociologist Todd Gitlin co-opted the term In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
“recombinant,” normally used in reference to genetic automobiles were commonly referred to as horseless
engineering, to describe serialized television shows of carriages after the older technology they still
the 1980s. Gitlin’s use of the term referenced TV resembled. Known as the Brass Era, this period in
studios’ practice of repackaging successful narrative automotive design is remembered for its grandeur
formulas as new _______ even shows that varied and artistry, its vehicles _______ by collectors for
only slightly from other shows still attracted sizeable their ornate detailing and gleaming brass fittings.
audiences.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) are highly prized
A) content, in that era B) had been highly prized
B) content; in that era, C) highly prized
C) content in that era, D) were highly prized
D) content, in that era,

26
24
With the development of new technologies that
When external forces are applied to common glass use natural resources more efficiently, the overall
made from silicates, energy builds up around consumption of those resources might be expected
minuscule defects in the material, resulting in to decrease. Economists have observed that
fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of improvements in efficiency often correlate negatively
Tampere University in Finland used the chemical with resource _______ efficiency gains, lowering the
______ to make a glassy solid that can withstand cost of use, may increase demand to the extent that
higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing. resource consumption ultimately rises.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) compound, aluminum oxide A) conservation, though,
B) compound aluminum oxide, B) conservation; though
C) compound, aluminum oxide, C) conservation, though;
D) compound aluminum oxide D) conservation, though

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27 29
Before California’s 1911 election to approve a While researching a topic, a student has taken the
proposition granting women the right to vote, following notes:
activists across the state sold tea to promote the cause
• The Seikan Tunnel is a rail tunnel in Japan.
of suffrage. In San Francisco, the Woman’s Suffrage
Party sold Equality Tea at local fairs. _______ in • It connects the island of Honshu to the island of
Los Angeles, activist Nancy Tuttle Craig, who ran Hokkaido.
one of California’s largest grocery store firms,
• It is roughly 33 miles long.
distributed Votes for Women Tea.
• The Channel Tunnel is a rail tunnel in Europe.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? • It connects Folkestone, England, to Coquelles,
France.
A) For example,
• It is about 31 miles long.
B) To conclude,
C) Similarly, The student wants to compare the lengths of the two
rail tunnels. Which choice most effectively uses
D) In other words, relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?
28 A) Some of the world’s rail tunnels, including one
tunnel that extends from Folkestone, England, to
Earth’s auroras—colorful displays of light seen above
Coquelles, France, are longer than 30 miles.
the northern and southern poles—result, broadly
speaking, from the Sun’s activity. _______ the Sun B) The Seikan Tunnel is roughly 33 miles long,
releases charged particles that are captured by Earth’s while the slightly shorter Channel Tunnel is
magnetic field and channeled toward the poles. about 31 miles long.
These particles then collide with atoms in the C) The Seikan Tunnel, which is roughly 33 miles
atmosphere, causing the atoms to emit auroral light. long, connects the Japanese islands of Honshu
Which choice completes the text with the most and Hokkaido.
logical transition? D) Both the Seikan Tunnel, which is located in
Japan, and the Channel Tunnel, which is located
A) Specifically,
in Europe, are examples of rail tunnels.
B) Similarly,
C) Nevertheless,
D) Hence,

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30 31
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Pinnipeds, which include seals, sea lions, and • Physicist Muluneh Abebe was working on a
walruses, live in and around water. garment suited for both warm and cold
conditions.
• Pinnipeds are descended not from sea animals but
from four-legged, land-dwelling carnivores. • He analyzed the emissivity, or ability to emit heat,
of the materials he planned to use.
• Canadian paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski
recently found a fossil with four legs, webbed toes, • Abebe found that reflective metal fibers emitted
and the skull and teeth of a seal. almost no heat and had an emissivity of 0.02.
• Rybczynski refers to her rare find as a “transitional • He found that silicon carbide fibers absorbed large
fossil.” amounts of heat and had an emissivity of 0.74.
• The fossil illustrates an early stage in the evolution • The amount of heat a material absorbs is equal to
of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors. the amount of heat it emits.
The student wants to emphasize the fossil’s The student wants to contrast the emissivity of
significance. Which choice most effectively uses reflective metal fibers with that of silicon carbide
relevant information from the notes to accomplish fibers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
this goal? information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Canadian paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski’s A) The ability of reflective metal fibers and silicon
fossil has the skull and teeth of a seal, which, like carbide fibers to emit heat was determined by an
sea lions and walruses, is a pinniped. analysis of each material’s emissivity.
B) Pinnipeds are descended from four-legged, B) The amount of heat a material absorbs is equal to
land-dwelling carnivores; a fossil that resembles the amount it emits, as evidenced in Abebe’s
both was recently found. analyses.
C) Having four legs but the skull and teeth of a seal, C) Though the reflective metal fibers and silicon
the rare fossil illustrates an early stage in the carbide fibers had different rates of emissivity,
evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling Abebe planned to use both in a garment.
ancestors. D) Whereas the reflective metal fibers had an
D) A “transitional fossil” was recently found by emissivity of just 0.02, the silicon carbide fibers
paleobiologist Natalia Rybczynski. absorbed large amounts of heat, resulting in an
emissivity of 0.74.

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32 33

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• In 2020, theater students at Radford and Virginia • Ducklings expend up to 62.8% less energy when
Tech chose an interactive, online format to swimming in a line behind their mother than
present a play about woman suffrage activists. when swimming alone.
• Their “Women and the Vote” website featured an • The physics behind this energy savings hasn’t
interactive digital drawing of a Victorian-style always been well understood.
house.
• Naval architect Zhiming Yuan used computer
• Audiences were asked to focus on a room of their simulations to study the effect of the mother
choice and select from that room an artifact duck’s wake.
related to the suffrage movement.
• The study revealed that ducklings are pushed in a
• One click took them to video clips, songs, artwork, forward direction by the wake’s waves.
and texts associated with the artifact.
• Yuan determined this push reduces the effect of
• The play was popular with audiences because the wave drag on the ducklings by 158%.
format allowed them to control the experience.
The student wants to present the study and its
The student wants to explain an advantage of the methodology. Which choice most effectively uses
“Women and the Vote” format. Which choice most relevant information from the notes to accomplish
effectively uses relevant information from the notes this goal?
to accomplish this goal?
A) A study revealed that ducklings, which expend
A) “Women and the Vote” featured a drawing of a up to 62.8% less energy when swimming in a line
Victorian-style house with several rooms, each behind their mother, also experience 158% less
containing suffrage artifacts. drag.
B) To access video clips, songs, artwork, and texts, B) Seeking to understand how ducklings swimming
audiences had to first click on an artifact. in a line behind their mother save energy,
C) The “Women and the Vote” format appealed to Zhiming Yuan used computer simulations to
audiences because it allowed them to control the study the effect of the mother duck’s wake.
experience. C) Zhiming Yuan studied the physics behind the
D) Using an interactive format, theater students at fact that by being pushed in a forward direction
Radford and Virginia Tech created “Women and by waves, ducklings save energy.
the Vote,” a play about woman suffrage activists. D) Naval architect Zhiming Yuan discovered that
ducklings are pushed in a forward direction by
the waves of their mother’s wake, reducing the
effect of drag by 158%.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
 Module
1

Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£

CJw
~ b
b~
a
~ 0

x--../3
x
'~
45°
s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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 Module
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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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1 4
The lengths of two sides of a triangle are The function g is defined by g (x) = x 2 + 9. For
4 centimeters and 6 centimeters. If the perimeter of
the triangle is 18 centimeters, what is the length, in which value of x is g (x) = 25 ?
centimeters, of the third side of this triangle? A) 4
A) 2 B) 5
B) 8 C) 9
C) 10 D) 13
D) 24

5
2
Which expression is equivalent to 9x 2 + 5x ?
16x + 30 = 190
A) x(9x + 5)
Which equation has the same solution as the given
equation? B) 5x(9x + 1)
A) 16x = 30 C) 9x(x + 5)
B) 16x = 130
D) x 2(9x + 5)
C) 16x = 160
D) 16x = 190

6
Each value in the data set shown represents the
. 3 ,_ _ ____, height, in centimeters, of a plant.
Ty set a goal to walk at least 24 kilometers every day 6, 10, 13, 2, 15, 22, 10, 4, 4, 4
to prepare for a multiday hike. On a certain day, Ty
plans to walk at an average speed of 4 kilometers per What is the mean height, in centimeters, of these
hour. What is the minimum number of hours Ty plants?
must walk on that day to fulfill the daily goal?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 20
D) 24

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7 9
A student council group is selling school posters for a John paid a total of $165 for a microscope by making
fundraiser. They use the function p(x) = 5x − 220 to a down payment of $37 plus p monthly payments of
determine their profit p(x), in dollars, for selling $16 each. Which of the following equations
represents this situation?
x school posters. In order to earn a profit of $900 ,
how many school posters must they sell? A) 16p − 37 = 165
B) 37p − 16 = 165
C) 16p + 37 = 165
D) 37p + 16 = 165

8
Jay walks at a speed of 3 miles per hour and runs at a
speed of 5 miles per hour. He walks for w hours and
runs for r hours for a combined total of 14 miles.
Which equation represents this situation? 10
y − 57 = px
A) 3w + 5r = 14 The given equation relates the positive numbers p, x,
and y. Which equation correctly expresses y in terms
1 1 of p and x ?
B) w + r = 14
3 5
1 1 A) y = 57x + p
C) w + r = 112
3 5
B) y = px + 57
D) 3w + 5r = 112
C) y = 57px

px
D) y =
57

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11 13
A company opens an account with an initial balance y = −2x
of $36,100.00. The account earns interest, and no 3x + y = 40
additional deposits or withdrawals are made. The
The solution to the given system of equations is
account balance is given by an exponential
(x, y). What is the value of x ?
function A, where A(t) is the account balance, in
dollars, t years after the account is opened. The
account balance after 13 years is $68,071.93. Which
equation could define A ?

A) A(t ) = 36,100.00(1.05)t
B) A(t ) = 31,971.93(1.05)t
14
t
C) A(t ) = 31,971.93(0.05)
Data value Frequency
D) A(t ) = 36,100.00(0.05)t 6 3
7 3
8 8
9 8
10 9
11 11
12 9
13 0
12 14 6

The frequency table summarizes the 57 data values in

a data set. What is the maximum data value in the
data set?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

The circle shown has center O, circumference 144π , 15

and diameters PR and QS. The length of arc PS is One leg of a right triangle has a length of
twice the length of arc PQ . What is the length of 43.2 millimeters. The hypotenuse of the triangle has a
arc QR ? length of 196.8 millimeters. What is the length of the
other leg of the triangle, in millimeters?
A) 24π
A) 43.2
B) 48π
B) 120
C) 72π
C) 192
D) 96π D) 201.5

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16 18
A wire with a length of 106 inches is cut into A landscaper uses a hose that puts 88x ounces of
two parts. One part has a length of x inches, and the water in a bucket in 5y minutes. Which expression
other part has a length of y inches. The value of x is represents the number of ounces of water the hose
6 more than 4 times the value of y. What is the value
puts in the bucket in 9y minutes at this rate?
of x ?
A) 25 9x
A)
440
B) 28
C) 56 440x
B)
D) 86 9
5x
C)
792
792x
D)
5

17
f (x ) = (x + 6)(x + 5)(x − 4)
The function f is given. Which table of values
represents y = f (x) − 3 ? 19

A) 4x − 9 y = 9 y + 5
x y
hy = 2 + 4x
−6 −9
−8 In the given system of equations, h is a constant. If
−5
the system has no solution, what is the value of h ?
4 1
A) −9
B) x y B) 0
−6 −3 C) 9
−5 −3 D) 18
4 −3

C) x y
−6 −3
−5 −2
4 7
20
D) x y 13 is p% of 25. What is the value of p ?
−6 3
−5 3
4 3

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21 24

(x − 2)2 = 3x + 34 f (x ) = 4x 2 + 64x + 262

What is the smallest solution to the given equation? The function g is defined by g (x) = f (x + 5). For
what value of x does g (x) reach its minimum?
A) −13
B) −8
C) −5
D) −3
22
Function f is defined by
f (x ) = (x + 6)(x + 5)(x + 1). Function g is defined
by g (x) = f (x − 1). The graph of y = g (x) in the
xy-plane has x-intercepts at (a, 0), (b, 0), and (c, 0),
where a, b, and c are distinct constants. What is the 25
value of a + b + c ?
One gallon of stain will cover 170 square feet of a
A) −15 surface. A yard has a total fence area of w square feet.
B) −9 Which equation represents the total amount of
stain S, in gallons, needed to stain the fence in this
C) 11 yard twice?
D) 15 w
A) S =
170

B) S = 170w

C) S = 340w

23 w
D) S =
85
For x > 0, the function f is defined as follows:
f (x ) equals 201% of x
Which of the following could describe this function?
A) Decreasing exponential
B) Decreasing linear
C) Increasing exponential
D) Increasing linear

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26 27
Poll Results Right rectangular prism X is similar to right
Angel Cruz 483
rectangular prism Y. The surface area of right
Terry Smith 320 I I rectangular prism X is 58 square centimeters (cm2),
The table shows the results of a poll. A total of and the surface area of right rectangular prism Y
803 voters selected at random were asked which
candidate they would vote for in the upcoming is 1,450 cm2. The volume of right rectangular
election. According to the poll, if 6,424 people vote in prism Y is 1,250 cubic centimeters (cm3). What is the
the election, by how many votes would Angel Cruz
be expected to win? sum of the volumes, in cm3, of right rectangular
prism X and right rectangular prism Y?
A) 163
B) 1,304
C) 3,864
D) 5,621

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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 Module
2

Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£
x
CJw b~ ~ 0 '~
45°
b a x--../3 s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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 Module
2

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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 Module
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1 3
w + 7 = 357 Live east Live west
What value of w is the solution to the given of the river of the river Total
equation? Less than
17 11 28
40 years old
A) 51 At least
18 89 107
B) 350 40 years old
C) 364 Total 35 100 135
D) 3,577 The table summarizes members of a local
organization by age and whether they live east or
west of the river. If a member of the organization is
selected at random, what is the probability that the
selected member is at least 40 years old?
28
A)
135
2
35
B)
Which expression is equivalent to 16(x + 15) ? 135
A) 16x + 31 100
C)
B) 16x + 240 135
C) 16x + 1 107
D)
D) 16x + 15 135

3x = 12
−3x + y = −6

The solution to the given system of equations

is (x , y ). What is the value of y ?
A) −3
B) 6
C) 18
D) 30

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5 7
1 8
A line in the xy-plane has a slope of and passes f (x ) = x +
9 11
through the point (0, 14). Which equation represents
The function f is defined by the given equation.
this line? 3
What is the value of f (x ) when x = ?
11
1
A) y = − x − 14
9
1
B) y = − x + 14
9
1
C) y = x − 14
9
8
1
D) y = x + 14 x y
9
0 18
1 13
2 8

The table shows three values of x and their

corresponding values of y. There is a linear
relationship between x and y. Which of the
6 following equations represents this relationship?
C A) y = 18x + 13
B) y = 18x + 18
C) y = −5x + 13
D) y = −5x + 18

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure shown, line c intersects parallel lines s

and t. What is the value of x ?

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 Module
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9 11

x + 7 = 10 Time (years) Total amount (dollars)

(x + 7) = y2 0 604.00
1 606.42
Which ordered pair (x, y) is a solution to the given 2 608.84
system of equations? Rosa opened a savings account at a bank. The table
A) (3, 100) shows the exponential relationship between the
time t, in years, since Rosa opened the account and
B) (3, 3) the total amount n, in dollars, in the account. If Rosa
made no additional deposits or withdrawals, which
C) (3, 10)
of the following equations best represents the
D) (3, 70) relationship between t and n ?

A) n = (1 + 604)t
B) n = (1 + 0.004)t
C) n = 604(1 + 0.004)t
D) n = 0.004(1 + 604)t
10
The function f is defined by f (x ) = 7x − 84 . What is
the x-intercept of the graph of y = f (x) in the
xy-plane?
A) (−12, 0)
12
B) (−7, 0)
C) (7, 0) w(t) = 300 − 4t
D) (12, 0) The function w models the volume of liquid, in
milliliters, in a container t seconds after it begins
draining from a hole at the bottom. According to the
model, what is the predicted volume, in milliliters,
draining from the container each second?
A) 300
B) 296
C) 75
D) 4

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13 16
h (x ) = x + b The population of Greenville increased by 7%
from 2015 to 2016. If the 2016 population is k times
For the linear function h, b is a constant and the 2015 population, what is the value of k ?
h(0) = 45. What is the value of b ?
A) 0.07
B) 0.7
C) 1.07
D) 1.7

14

z 2 + 10z − 24 = 0
What is one of the solutions to the given equation?
17
Class A Class B

•• ••• ••• •• •• •••

• •• •• •• •• ••
•
•I •I •I ••I ••• ••• •• •
•
• • • •• ••• •• ••
15 I I I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Triangle FGH is similar to triangle JKL , where Each of the dot plots shown represents the number of
glue sticks brought in by each student for two classes,
angle F corresponds to angle J and angles G and K class A and class B. Which statement best compares
the standard deviations of the numbers of glue sticks
308 brought in by each student for these two classes?
are right angles. If sin (F ) = , what is the value of
317
A) The standard deviation of the number of glue
sin (J ) ? sticks brought in by each student for class A is
less than the standard deviation of the number of
75 glue sticks brought in by each student for class B.
A)
317 B) The standard deviation of the number of glue
308 sticks brought in by each student for class A is
B) equal to the standard deviation of the number of
317 glue sticks brought in by each student for class B.
317 C) The standard deviation of the number of glue
C)
308 sticks brought in by each student for class A is
greater than the standard deviation of the
317 number of glue sticks brought in by each student
D)
75 for class B.
D) There is not enough information to compare
these standard deviations.

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18 20
t
 t 2 t 
m(t) = –0.0274  + 7.3873  + 75.032
 The function f (t ) = 60,000(2) 410 gives the number
7   7 
The function m gives the predicted body mass m(t ), of bacteria in a population t minutes after an initial
in kilograms (kg), of a certain animal t days after it
was born in a wildlife reserve, where t ≤ 390. Which observation. How much time, in minutes, does it
of the following is the best interpretation of the
take for the number of bacteria in the population to
statement “m(330) is approximately equal to 362” in
this context?
double?
A) The predicted body mass of the animal was
approximately 330 kg 362 days after it was born.
B) The predicted body mass of the animal was
approximately 362 kg 330 days after it was born.
C) The predicted body mass of the animal was
330 21
approximately 362 kg days after it was born.
7 The function f is defined by f (x ) = a x + b , where a
D) The predicted body mass of the animal was and b are constants and a > 0. In the xy-plane, the
330 graph of y = f (x ) has a y-intercept at (0, −25) and
approximately kg 362 days after it was born. passes through the point (2, 23). What is the value of
7
a+b?

19
Triangle XYZ is similar to triangle RST such that X,
Y, and Z correspond to R, S, and T, respectively.
The measure of ∠ Z is 20° and 2XY = RS. What is
the measure of ∠ T ?
A) 2°
B) 10°
C) 20°
D) 40°

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22 24
y > 13x − 18
A square is inscribed in a circle. The radius of the
For which of the following tables are all the values of
x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the 20 2
circle is inches. What is the side length, in
given inequality? 2
inches, of the square?
A) x y
3 21
5 47 A) 20
8 86
20 2
B) x y B)
2
3 26
5 42
C) 20 2
8 86

C) x y D) 40
3 16
5 42
8 81

D) x y
3 26
5 52
8 91 25

Which expression is equivalent

y + 12 y(x − 8)
to + 2 ?
x−8 x y − 8xy

xy + y + 4
23 A)
x y − 16x 2y + 64xy
3
A certain town has an area of 4.36 square miles.
What is the area, in square yards, of this town? xy + 9y + 12
B)
(1 mile = 1,760 yards) 2
x y − 8xy + x − 8
A) 404
xy 2 + 13xy − 8y
B) 7,674 C)
x 2y − 8xy
C) 710,459
D) 13,505,536 xy 2 + 13xy − 8y
D)
x 3y − 16x 2y + 64xy

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26 27

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The function f is defined by f (x ) = a(2.2x + 2.2b), x(kx − 56) = −16
where a and b are integer constants and 0 < a < b . In the given equation, k is an integer constant. If
the equation has no real solution, what is the least
The functions g and h are equivalent to function f,
possible value of k ?
where k and m are constants. Which of the
following equations displays the y-coordinate of the
y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x ) in the xy-plane
as a constant or coefficient?
I. g (x ) = a(2.2x + k)
II. h(x ) = a(2.2)x + m
A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) Neither I nor II

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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