UNIT 3: SCANNERS

Task 1: Discuss the ways of capturing and transferring an image

into a computer. Make a list.
-Tranditional camera  image anologimaee  scanners  digital image
 computer
-Digital camera  capturing digital image  computer
Task 2: Read the text and then answer the questions.
1. What is document scanning?
 In order to transfer original images to a computer for viewing and
editing, you use a scanner, which reads the original image and converts it
into a digital image.
2. What types of documents can we scan?
 we can scan documents as JPG, PDF, PNG, TIF, TIFF....
3. If we scan a document with the size of 6X4 inches at 150 dpi,
how many pixels can we create?
 we can create 900X600 pixels
4. What’s the function of photomultipliers (PTM) and CCD cells in
scanners?
 The quality of the photo multipliers or CCD cells in a scanner is
important for ensuring the correct translation of light signals.
5. Tell the advantages of PTM over CCD cells
 CCD cells can have difficulty distinguishing tonal differences, especially
in the darker parts of an image. CCD cells also have a tendency to age,
which reduces their ability to reproduce colors and tonal transitions
precisely. High-quality CCD cells with a long life span are extremely
expensive to produce.
Task 3: Underline the phrases in these sentences.
1. A particular color can be perceived in different ways depending on
the color it is placed next to.
2. A surface that looks red under white light will be perceived as
orange if illuminated by yellow light, for example.
3. The type of off press processing (postpress) you’ll be doing in phase
eight might determine what paper you need to use in the original design
concept.
4. It is an important step in the process, as it is the last opportunity to
check the material and make any necessary changes.
5. Once the proofs are approved, it’s time to make the printing plate
that will be used to strike the actual prints.
6. In order to transfer original images to a computer for viewing and
editing, you use a scanner, which reads the original image and converts it
into a digital image.
7. In a drum scanner, the originals are mounted on a glass drum, while
in a flatbed scanner they are placed on a flat glass surface, much like they
would be in a copier.
8. When scanning an image, the scanner divides the surface of the
original image into a checkered pattern, in which every little square
corresponds to a scanning point.
9. The light that is reflected (if you are using reflective art) or
transmitted (if you are using transparent art) from the scanning point will
pick up the color from the respective point on the original image.
10. The quality of the photo multipliers or CCD cells in a scanner is
important for ensuring the correct translation of light signals.
Task 4: What are slides? Tell the reason why they are so called
-To slide to ( cause to) move easily and without interruption over a surface
slide door.
-Slides can be transparent photographs which can be projected onto a
screen using a slide projector.
-It is called a slide projector because the carriage which usually holds two
photographs can be slid from one side to the other so that one
transparency can be replaced whilst the other is being projected and
looked at.
Task 5: Complete the text by filling in the blanks with appropriate
words given below.
A scanner is electronic device which can capture images from physical
items and convert them into digital formats, which in turn can be stored
in a computer, and viewed or modified using scanning applications.
Different types of scanners are available with different quality. In the
world of electronic data transmission, software is considered to be the
most cost-effective and reliable way of transmitting images.
Prominent features of a scanner include:
Reliability - Unlike certain forms of data transmission, scanning involves
only of scanning. And as they are not dependent on two-way
communication, they can also help in storing important information or
transmitting important information.
Efficiency - Modern scanners are built for efficiency and speed. And it
comes with ease of use as well as convenience.
Resolutions - Scanning ensures the best resolution possible for digital
images. Compared to fax machines, which may find it difficult to
reproduce accurate details, scanners can reproduce images with high
resolution and precisions.
Cost- saving - One of the biggest advantage of scanning is the
replacement of physical files/forms with digital ones. Along with saving
physical space, which has to be used for storage, there are also
environmental benefits by using scanner.
Task 6: Word formation - Complete the table below with related
nouns of the verbs in Column 1.
Make sentences to show different meanings of these words

VERB NOUNS DENOTE NOUN EXPRESS

OBJECTS, ACTIVITIES
EVENTS, PERSONS
Design Designer Designing
Process Processor Processing
Print Printer Printing
Scan Scanner Scanning
Edit Editor Editing
Light Lighter Lighting

1.Design  A famous engineer designed the new bridge.

Designer  Production designer Charles Wood built an enormous, new
Avengers Tower set, one of the largest sets ever built for a Marvel film.
Designing  This testing is necessary when designing new complex
systems that have many components.
2. process
Process Visa applications take 28 days to process.
Processor  We have obtained a relative speedup of 25 with 30
processors.
Processing The processing of claims will begin later this year.
3. Print
Print  This novel is available in large print for readers with poor eyesight.
Printer  We are a commercial printer offering pre-press, printing, and
bindery services.
Printing  The publishers produced a first printing of 2,500.
4. Scan
Scan  I gave the book a quick scan, and decided not to buy it.
Scanner  This allows faster scanners and parsers to be written.
Scanning  This scanning electron microscope shows a heart from a
mouse with trisomy 16.
5.Edit
Edit  We edited the script down to 60 pages.
Editor  She has just been fired as editor of the newspaper.
Editing  The book would have benefited from a close editing.
6.Light
Light  Light was streaming in through the open door.
Lighter  All supplies are offloaded onto lighters.
Lighting The lighting in the living room is too dim.
Task 7: Word formation - Use suffixes ize & ization to form new
words relating to: standard, digit, minimum, computer. Make
sentences with these new worlds.
- Standard  standardize  standardization
- Digit digitize  digitation
- Minimum  minimize  minimization
- Computer  computerize  computerization
1. Standard
Standard We have very high safety standards in this laboratory.
Standardize We standardize parts such as rear-view mirrors, so that
one type will fit any model of car we make.
Standardization The stability of a product is guaranteed through the
standardization of laboratory procedures.
2. Digit
Digit The index finger is driven separately to the other digits.
Digitize They were digitized and excised for auditory presentation in the
same manner as the target bisyllables.
Digitization Digitization creates many new ways to use
and share photos.
 3. Minimum
Minimum We need a minimum of ten people to play this game.
Minimize We must minimize the risk of infection.
Minimization We decided to abandon all
these schemes for tax minimization.
4. Computer

Computer  I need some advice on which computer to buy.

Computerize They've just computerized the whole system.
Computerization Computerization is slowly but surely taking hold of
every aspect of business.
Task 8: Fill in the gaps of these sentences with suitable forms of:
design, process, print, scan, edit, light, standard, digit, minimum,
compute
1. Light condition is the most important factor in standard process.
2. Your perception of color can be changed under different light
sources.
3. To minimize errors in color printing, you should understand color
standard set up by CIELAB.
4. Nowadays, printing products must meet high standard in
regulations of environment protection.
5. To become a good design in graphic arts, students must have
both knowledge and skills in editing and printing technology.
6. One of the latest developments is digital printing which is now
increasingly used.
7. A scanner is a device that optically scans images, text and
converts them into a digital image.
8. For high-speed process, a drum scanner Is often recommended.
9. Digital video editing software is software that allows users to use
computers to edit video and audio
10. Scanning is the process of converting information into a digital
format while editing is the implementation and usage of
computer devices to perform complex operations on behalf of
human.
Task 9 : Use appropriate information from the text to complete
this table of differences between two main types of scanner.
Drum scanner Flatbed scanner
Kind of originals Flexible Inflexible
price Expensive Cheaper
Shape of originals Drum scanners Flatbed scanners
mounting part
 Quality & productivity High quality Lower quality
Receiver of light PTM CCD cells
signals

UNIT 4: IMAGE EDITING

Task 1: Read the text and them answer the questions.
1. How is a smooth workflow?
 This means you can destroy an image if you are careless or
perform too many tasks. It is therefore important to edit an image
as little as possible and to perform the steps in the correct order.
2. Is it better to choose the highest resolution when scanning pictures?
 no, it isn’t.
3. In what phase of graphic production flow is this image editing task
carried out?
 -first, shrink and crop the image to its final content and size, this
will, make the rest of the work faster and simpler.
- Next, make any aesthetic adjustments to the image that affect the
print as a whole, followed by those affecting only specific areas of
the print.
- Finally, make any changes needed to accommodate the printing
process you plan to use, such as setting the sharpness and the color
conversion.
4. What’s the purpose of image editing?
 However, most image editing procedures cause a loss of information
in the image, compromising fine details, colors, etc. This means you
can destroy an image if you are careless or perform too many tasks. It
is therefore important to edit an image as little as possible and to
perform the steps in the correct order. You would also want to keep a
smooth workflow. Despite the fact that all steps technically "destroy"
the image, the final result will generally give the impression of a better
image. That is the whole purpose of image editing.
5. When editing an image, what happens if there is too much loss of
image information?
If the image information is lost too much, it will affect the small
details, colors, etc. This means you can destroy an image if you are
careless or perform too many tasks
Task 2: Use a flowchart to show required steps in image editing.
Crop the image
 Correct resolution

Set the black point and white point

Adjust brightness and contrast

Adjust certain colors

Store the image

Sharpen the image

Separation

Save the image in the right format

Task 3: Transitive verbs – Note these transitive verbs, which are

used often in graphic arts: edit – adjust – design – save – convert. In
graphic arts they take a limited range of objects.
1. If your PDF document is mostly text, you may CONVERT that PDF
into a Word document.
2. Learn how quick and easy to EDIT text and images in PDFs with
Adobe Acrobat DC on desktop.
3. To SAVE data in image format (.jpg or .png), access data on one of
these displays then right-click and select Save As…
4. The page layout for the new magazine was DESIGNED by an IT
freshman.
5. To make images and text easier to read we can ADJUST the
resolution of our computer screen.
Task 4: Word formation – Adjectives can be changed to verbs by
adding EN as a prefix or a suffix to them.
sharp – large – rich – long – bright
Make a sentence with each of these verbs
Sharp unsharp
  The point of this pencil isn't sharp enough.
Large  enlarge
 They've enlarged the kitchen by building over part of the garden.
Rich enrich
 My life was greatly enriched by knowing her.
Long length  lengthen
 The boat is ten metres in length.
Bright  brighten
 The room was small and dark, without so much as a ray of light to
brighten the gloom
Task 5: Which one is correct in spelling: color or colour? Give
other Examples to show the difference between British English
and American English in spelling.
AE BE
Favor Favour
Gray Grey
Well Wel
Program Programme
Thru Through
Center Centre
Holiday Vacation

Task 6: Cause & Effect – Match each action (1-9) with its
consequence (a-i)
1-i 2-g 3-h 4-a 5-d 6-e 7-b 8-c 9-f
Task 7: Make sentences to express cause & effect with examples
in Task 6:
1. Color adjustments bring about fading in and out color and changing
tones
2. If you Merging of images, one or more individual images into a
single file
3. Brightening images are resulting in underexposed shadows brighter
without affecting the rest of the image
4. Selecting part(s) of an image enable a change selectively without
affecting the entire picture
5. Enhancing images allow users to improve the quality of a digitally
stored image
6. If you sharpening images, you make images seem clearer,
seemingly adding details
7. Resizing images bring about making images larger or smaller
8. Cropping an image enable us to select a desired rectangular portion
from the image being cropped
9. Softening images cause images (portraits) to appear more
pleasing
Task 8: Study these two sentences:
1. Next, make any aesthetic adjustments to the image that affect the
print as a whole, followed by those affecting only specific areas of the
print.
2. After scanning, and particularly if the image is retrieved from a
digital archive, etc., the resolution of the image has to be adjusted to that
needed for the final print.
• Analyze them (kinds of sentences, clauses, phrases)
• What do those and that replace?
• What part of speech are those and that?
1. kinds of sentences: complex sentence
clauses: aesthetic adjustments, affect the print
phrases: followed by those affecting only specific areas of the print
2. kinds of sentences: complex sentence
clauses: scanning, and particularly
phrases: the image is retrieved from a digital archive, etc., the
resolution of the image has to be adjusted
-What do those and that replace?
Those in first sentence replace for aesthetic adjustments
That in second sentence replace for the resolution of the image
-What part of speech are those and that?
Both are nouns