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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,

without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 ANSI-A5C® A14.3-2018
Reaffirmation of ANSI AI4.3 2008

American National Standard

E

for Ladders - Fixed - !

Safety Requirements

Secretariat
American Ladder Institute

Approved October 12, 2018 l

American National Standards Institute, Inc. 1

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l For information on possible errata sheets and other ANSI-ASC I

A I A Stondords please refer to the ALI website located ot:

www.americanladderinstitute.org
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Copyright© 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights reserved,

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus Published by

of those substantially concerned with its scope and
American Ladder Institute
provisions. An American National Standard is intended
330 N. Wabash Avenue, Suite 2000
as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the
Chicago, IL 60611
general public. The existence of an American National
Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, Copyright by ANSI Accredited Standards Committee
whether they have approved the standard or not, from (ASC) A14 All rights reserved.
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard.
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
American National Standards are subject to periodic
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions
and errata sheets. Printed in the United States of America

The American National Standards Institute does not

develop standards and will in no circumstances give
an interpretation of any American National Standard.
Moreover, no persons shall have the right or authority
to issue an interpretation of an American National
Standard in the name of the American National
Standards Institute.
CAUTION NOTICE: This American National
Standard may be revised or withdrawn at anytime.
The procedures of the American National Standards
Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm,
revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five
years from the date of publication. Purchasers of
American National Standards may receive current
information on all standards by calling or writing
the American National Standards Institute.

a8a,s;;";: Kim' 'é`6T§IB§7'7x'l1l'$'l1K§'b"K1'8'T»KITIFi~l{é'}é"éé'Pved.

form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Foreword

(This Foreword is not a pan of the American National Al4.l -- 1948, because, in the opinion of the committee,
Standard $14.3 - 2018.) the rapid development in the metal ladder field warranted
special consideration and treatment of metal ladders and
This standard is a reaffirmation of American National
fixed ladders (usually metal) in separate standards.
SafetyStandard for Fixed Ladders, ANSI Al4.3-2008. It
is one of a series of seven standards prepared under the Subcommittee $14.3 was created for the purpose of
supervision of American National Standards Committee reviewing the data on fixed ladders originally contained
ASC Al4. All eight standards have been developed by in the Code prior to the 1948 revision, and making
subcommittees reporting to American National any changes or additions necessary to conform to the
Standards Committee ASC Al4. The subcommittees requirement of interested groups. The A14.3 standard was
are: Al4.l, Portable Wood Ladders, Al4.2, Metal submitted to the ASC A14 Committee for letter ballot in
Ladders, Al4.3, Fixed Ladders, Al4.4, Job-Made December of 1955 and approved in 1956. A revision was
Ladders, Al4.5, Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders, published in 1974, 1984, 1992, and 2002.
Al4.7, Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand
Platforms, Al4.9, Ceiling Mounted Disappearingand The 2008 revision addresses a new section on ladder
Climbing Systems, and Al4.l l , Stepstools. securitysystems, and changes to graspability in roof
hatclles,modifications of ladder safety systems,
All eight standards derive from the original American maintenance, use and additional figures to assist
National Standard Safety Code for Construction, Care document users.
and Use of Ladders, A14, which was first approved in
1923. Revisions were approved in 1935, 1948, 1952, Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be
1984, 1992, and 2002. Prior to the 1948 revision, the welcome. They should be sent to the ASC A14 Committee
Code contained some treatment of metal and fixed c/o the American Ladder Institute at 330 N Wabash
ladders. Requirements for these types of ladders were Avenue, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60611. All comments
removed from the 1948 revision, which then became the must be sent on the Official Comment Form that can be
American National Standard for Wood Ladders, ANSI found on the last page of this document. Each comment
must include a rationale.

iii
EEll'§llH§tli'I6555' Lis;,"a1'~i's~,'l 'Jtl§'c"K1'Z"'KITIF1l{;lhlIé'r'é's'é'rved.
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 Copyr~i.8hted material licensed t o F penult by Clarivate Rnalytics
Nm further' reprnducti n P distribution is permitted
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Standards Committee on the
safety requirements for fixed ladders, ASC A14. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that
all the committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the A14 Committee had the
following members :
Dave Plotner, Chairman
Ryan Crawford, Vice Chair
Pamela O'Brien, Secretariat

Organization Represented Name of Representative

American Insurance Association George Earhart
American Ladder Institute Ryan Moss

us)
American Society of Safety Engineers ..... ... .. . ........................................ ........ .......... ...... ..... .............. ..... Michael Lorenzo

LLC, subscript lons.tech t e t~com, dlzllunlcladed on 2020--02-04 00:15'25 +0000

Tim Fisher (Alt)
Associated General Contractors of America .. ................................................ ......... ...... ... .. ... ........... . ........ Charles Bird .in

Kevin Cannon (Alt)

Canadian Standards Association ............. .... ................. .. ....... ................. .. .................... ...................... Dave Shanahan natal

Cosco Home and Office Products 1 » l . ¢ i - n a l J 1 l » F l n r l I l L l l l l . i 1 . l ¢ l r ¢ 1 i \ o » l Q r ¢ ¢ I . » n 9 r u - ¢ \ \ = ! ~ . 1 . l l ¢ l . = » . . l l l i l u i t l r l l h b i l i i . ¢ . i l . . l l ! ! . ! . i 1 = l l u i l l l a 1 1 l i s 1 1 1 1 u s n n g l l l l l l l l l

Larry Voris (Alt)

Cotterman ................... .. ..... .. ..........................* . .......... ....
.
4»
.. .... ....... ..... .................................................. .... Don Gibson
Pete Catlos (Alt)
Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC J. Nigel Ellis
Matt Small (Alt)
Grainger Industrial Supply ..... .................... ....................... ......... ..... ..... ............................. ..................... John Fester
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers .......... ........... ... .......................... .... .................. .... ......... .. David Mullen !

Dan Gardener (Alt)

International Union of Painters and Allied Trades .... ...... ......... . ........ .. ............. .... ............. ... .................. . .... Greg Renne .| 1
.

Dan Penske (Alt)

International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craiismen .......... ...... ............. ... .................. ... .. .. ........ ... .. Gerard Scarano B l H

Mike Kass ran (Alt)

be
Little Giant Ladder Systems Wesley Clark

Louis Stand.
I I a n . a a n n l a n s o o n : u l a s - n c a a . - l 0 o . 0 4 l ¢ ¢ - b o o e n l u o l ¢ l l . » a l l ¢ . 4 . » a ¢ l ¢ . l . s n o t u n n a o n s - a o o o o o o s a . o c u o o . . . . ¢ ¢ u u r l s ~ l s . ¢ v l » ¢ e n o » ¢ 1 » . o » l l » o + \ l s v r l e e w l s

National Frame Builders Association ........ ............. .......................... .... .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . Stan Virkler
National Association of Home Builders Jerry Pressman
Robert Matuga (Alt)
NIOSH Peter Simeonov, Ph.D
Hongwei Hsiao, Ph.D.
Precision Ladders ......... .................... . . ..... ................. ... ..... .................. . l
.............................. .........* ......... Don McKinney e

Steve Richey (Alt)

Risk Retention Services u l . l . . . u u . . u u l . n n u I I I 1 1 1 . l i = i l 5 1 a s s 1 i I p a l 1 a i d ! t n n h h i p a i n n t n l a n p i q 1 a i a n p l n l n l i l \ l s 1 h 1 d l I 1 a 1 ¢ . ¢ ¢ p m ¢ $ ¢ . . Q ¢ » 9 % . . . ! + Q . 1 ! . i t i ? ! ! g p . l l l l Paul B. Junius
Scaffold & Access Industry Association Ted Beville
Alan Kline (Alt)
State University of New York George Kyanka
Steel Plate Fabricators Association Greg Anderson
Switalski Engineering, Inc. William Switalski
Technology Associates, LLC Irving Ojalvo
Kristopher Selgua (Alt)

iv

Copyright 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights reserved.

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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
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 Copyrighted material licensed t o Foremost by Etlarivate Analytics (LIS) LLC, subscrlptions.tel:hstreet,com, downloaded on 2020--02--04 00:15:25 +0000 by
No further reproduction or distribution is permitted.
Tri-Arc Manufacturing Co., Inc. .. .. .... ........... .. ............. .... ... .... ... ............... ............... ..... .................. ........... ..... Ron Schwartz
Eric Pucek (Alt)
U S Consumer Product Safety Commission Thomas Caton*
Mark E. Kumagai (Alt)*
Ver Halen Engineering, P.C I lIIuu1nI~llunnI!-!mII-Q11lsrlsmaul~l+l1li.511nmnuunIulm14llns.ll!1ln-slllllIIIII»\l.llluiiiiiannaml~IIfIII1l»1»!»l-p!§1»ll.l-!ll1.»hl~l-+.u~¢~l-.¢.l¢ION

Werner Co. l i n : I I I : u m m m 1 I I I I I I . l . . ¢ l » l ¢ l l n l l l l l . I l I ! ! I 1 = § m ! ! l % 1 = l m m I - - 1 l - I 1 l l l l l m + i J l n i - . 1 . . - ' n u n u l l l » . l l u l l a u u r i i s l l l l l l l l I I I I I I n - h é i l f i i i a i m a n n u u m - n m I I 1 1 - 1 ! = ! » ! I ! m f l l m m ! l ¢ » = i l ' l ~ l » l » ~ l = l l l l = l 9 i i n n n u ¢ u Brett Latimer

Dale King

*non-voting advisory member

Subcommittee A1-4.3 on Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders, which developed this standard, had the following members:

Don Gibson, Chairman

Sharon Morales, Vice Chairman
Susan Bernier
Thomas Bresnahan
Dennis Burks
J. Nigel Ellis
Tom Heebner
Alan Kline
Erick Knox
Michael Lorenzo
Gregory Renne

Luuls Stand.

Copyright 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights reserved. ¢

No part of this publication may be reproduced in army

Form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written Fermi ssion of the publisher.
 copyrighted material licensed to Foremost by Clarivate Hnalgtics (LIS) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet.com, dolmloaded on 2020~02-04 00:15:25 +0000 by
Ho further ropr duct n or distribution is oormitted.
Contents

Section Page
1 I General...................... • 1 0 l

1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
.

1.3 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4Pitch..................... 1
1.5Exceptions................ |. 1 I |

1.6 Existing Installations. . . . . . . . r t : 1 v i i i I. l i l - l l l » l l - I n l l i i b l b - I I n - s i e ! - t i - i n - \ » ¢ l . l l p 1 . 1 » l r 1 l l l . l l 1 » r 1 r l 1 » l l 1 . l l l l l

1.7 Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4

1.8 Mandatory and Advisory Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.9 Equivalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 I

1.10 Recognized Design Practice 2

I

2. Related Standards i i .. . ¢ ¢ . . . " ' C . l l . . a n . a a a . » . ¢ l » l - I 1 F i h l i l l i i i l i i i i ! ! h l l l l l l i b l i v t i i i v v u h l b l l i t l i i 2

2.1 Related American National Standards . l d v l é l l i l u l l » l . ¢ l l c l l l l l - l ~ I I . 1 I I l l l I l l l l . » . l l » l l l . l l ! l l l l l l » l » l 2
2.2 Other Related Standards . . l l l . l l . l . - l l - r l l d l - l 1 d » i l 1 l l I 1 |- * l l l 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 4 I n 1 1 u l I n I 1 1 b l 1 1 I » 1 1 - 1 l - l - l \ i l 1 f 1 1 . l 1 1 1 2

LOLIlS Stang.
3 l Definitions . .. . ... . ... . . . .. 1 1
... . ... . . .. ...... ..... . .. . . . . . .. . . ...... . . . ... .... . ........2

4. General Design C r i t e r i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.1 Maximum Ladder Lengths and Protection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 Design Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.3 Design Stresses and Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5 I Design Details for Fixed Ladders . . . . . . 5

l 1 = n 4 1 = l l » e 1 - 1 - - v 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 » - s I - w i 1 l I n 1 i = i » \ - u » 1 » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a a a 1 u n 1 1 I s u r ! l l 1 1 - 1 ~ l ~ 1 1 l l » l 1

5.1 Steps and Rungs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . .... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

.
i u Q

5.2 Side Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 I

5.3 Termination at the Top of the Ladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5.4 Clearances . . . .7 .
5.5 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.6 Corrosive Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6 vi Design Details for Cages, Wells and Platforms 8 1* I 1 r r 1 I' l . I I

6.1Cages... .......................... l l l l l l l » l = 1 . l 1 . l » l l 1 1 . l 8 II -I I I . l I I l I I l . -I' I I l l 1- 1 l I I I n re a I u

6.2 Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. ....... . . ......... . . . . . . .... . .8

6.3Platforms....................... ! 1 i ¢ l . l l l h . ¢ . l . l ! r l l l 9 I l h l l l h l l ul i u

vi
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 CorJ5,lr1ghted material licensed to Foremost by Clarivate Pmafytics (US) LLC, subscriptions.techstreet com, dour loaded on 2020-02-04 00:15:25 +0000 bg
No further repr duction or distribution is permitted.
7 Ladder Safety S y s t e m . . . . . , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . .9
7.1GeneralDesign................................. 9 J.

7.2SafetyFactors... 9
7.3 Ladder Safety Systems Consisting of aCarrier,Safety Sleeve, and Full Body H a r n e s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.4 Ladder Safety Systems of Other Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.5 Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

8 Protective Finishes. . . . * . . . . . * l 1 || n I I! I I I' I I' |» 1 I I l I II n -l r 0 * 11 1 I ! I I | .. . i I I -. |» .. I I .. .• .. l | * .. .. . 1 l l I l Q I l 11

8.1 Metal Ladders . . . . . • • a 1 * I 9 l I I I l I I II I 1 ,.| l I I nl I r. I 1 11 I -if 4 11
8.2 Wood Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I |- I -a l l. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ......... .... .. .... .... . . 11
8.3 Combined Materials * |, L 11 l a .n .Ni In I ..1.. I a a l I I l | 1 | » | » ¢ ¢ » - | » 4 r l | 1 l ~ l ¢ i i i i * i l - i 11

9 Maintenance and Use of Ladders . . . l ul i 'I .| u I 4 |» I 4 |. 1 | | a I a n 'I -In -. -|» 'I |- 1 |- l i 5 I I I 11

9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . ... .. .. . ... . . . . ... .. .... . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
I 11
9.2 Use - 9 - 9 1 - - l 1 » e » » - 1 . 1 1 n n n n u u u n n o u o r u u q - r u n n r r u u v p - g - n u q r u l 1 1 » ~ u - r q u n u u - l 1 1 1 l l 1 l l » l l l l - l l ~ ¢ l e l l l a n l u 11
9.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.4 Ladder Security Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 12

10. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This Document . 12

Figures I

Figure 1 Pitch of Fixed Ladders. 13

Figure 2 L e n g t h o f C l i m b i n g 2 4 f t . o r L e s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * . . 13 I I I' I I l I I I *I I I I I l I I |» I I I i

Figure 3 Length of Climbing 24 ft. or Less With Elevated Access. . .... . . . . . . 14 .. . .|- I * *| I I l I u | »-

Figure 4 Single Length of Climb Greater Than 24 ft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . .

Figure 5 Total Lengths of Climb Greater Than 50 ft. . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . 15 .

Louis Stand.
. l ¢ . . " P l l l l l i i l l l f l l l l l l - l l ' * l i i u |» |- r -r

Figure 6 Support and Ladder Dimension and Side Clearances. . 16 . l o . l › l › l . l l . ¢ ¢ I ,

Figure 7 Rung Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 i

.

Figure 8 Individual Rung Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 9 Termination at Floor or Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 10 Terminations at Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 11 Grab Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . .

Figure 12 General Arrangements for Ladders in Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 1.8 Deflector Plate for Hatch Opening with Reduced Clearance . .. . *..................21 . r o n . . . . . . u .

Figure 14 Counterbalanced Hatch Cover at Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 15 Minimum Ladder Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 D e

Figure 16 Through Ladder Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 17 Example of the General Construction of Cages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Figure 18 Example of a Cage Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 .
.|
.

Figure 19 Display of Power Grip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 .

Figure 20 Connection Length Between Carrier and Safety Sleeve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 21 Dynamic Strength Test, Ladder Safety System, Shown Prior to Release of the Test Weight . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
Figure 22 Ladder Guard. . • • ... .... . .. . 27 l 1 l * . l . * . l . l l . l . 41 l l l Q 4 E I I l I I l I

Comment Form . I + I I . * *. * .
I l I 1 I 1 I .. ,................28
a E I 9 1 a p | | I 1 aR l 4 1 U u i s I i

vii
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
viii
-
Copyright© 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights reserved_
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher
 American National Standard $14.3-2018

American National Standard for Ladders -

Fixed - Safety Requirements

types of fixed structures depicted and described in the

1. General
standard (i.e., buildings, wells, and shafts). It sets forth
1.1 Scope the criteria (what is needed) necessary to build a fixed
ladder in a certain way and manner (how to build). The
This standard prescribes minimum requirements for the
standard does not contemplate special or unique (as to
design, construction, and use of fixed ladders, and sets
forth requirements for cages, wells, and ladder safety where and when) applications of the requirements,
systems used with fixed ladders, in order to minimize although individual requirements, or a combination of
personal injuries. All parts and appurtenances necessary requirements, may apply universally.
for a safe and efficient ladder shall be considered integral 1.5.2 This standard establishes requirements for fixed
parts of the design. ladders in order to promote a greater degree of standard-
ization. In cases where difficulty is encountered in
1.2 Purpose. complying with the standard, or where there are special
The purpose of this standard is to provide safety for life, service conditions, it is expected that the administrative
limb, and property by establishing minimum standards authority will grant exceptions from the literal requirements
for the design and installation of fixed ladders. of the standards, or will permit the use of alternative
designs or features, if equivalent safety is thereby
1.3 Application. secured (see 1.9).
The methods employed to ensure compliance with this
standards shall be determined by the proper regulatory 1.6 Existing Installation
or administrative authority.
1.6.1 The requirements of this standard shall not apply
1.4 Pitch. to existing installations, provided they meet one of the
following conditions:
This standard covers fixed ladders within the pitch range
of 60 to 90 degrees from the horizontal. (1) The installation was made in compliance with a state,
federal, or consensus standard that was in existence and
1.4.1 Preferred Pitch. The preferred pitch of fixed
ladders shall be considered to be within the range of 75 applicable at the time of installation, and documentation
to 90 degrees from the horizontal (See Fig. 1). is available to substantiate this.

1.4.2 Substandard Pitch. Fixed ladders shall be consid- (2) The installation differs from the design measurements
ered substandard if they are installed within the substan- of this standard by a degree, determined by an individual
dard pitch range of 60 to 75 degrees from the horizontal. competent in structural design, such that its performance
will not substantially deviate from the requirements of
1.4.3 Pitch Greater Than 90 Degrees. Ladders having a
this standard.
pitch in excess of 90 degrees from the horizontal shall
not be permitted. 1.6.2 If the existing installation is subsequently modified
or replaced, or if repairs on more than 25 percent of the
1.5 Exceptions total unit are required, the installation shall be made to
1.5.1 This standard is intended for application to the conform to the requirements of this standard.

1
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American Notioncll Standard $14.3-201 8

1.7 Interpretation American National Standard, Z490.l- 2007,

Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health
1. 7.1 This standard is designed to serve as a guide for
and Environmental Training.
regulatory bodies or administrative agencies in the
formulation of laws and regulations. It is also intended
for voluntary use by establishments that use or design
2.2 Other Related Standards.
fixed ladders, or manufacture them for installation. This standard is also intended for use with the following
standards:
1. 7.2 To secure uniform application of this standard, it
is recommended that suggestions involving changes in American Welding Society AWS D.l.1, D1.lM 2006
the requirements or disputes over their interpretation be Standard Welding Code - Steel.
referred to the organization holding the secretariat of American Welding Society AWSD1.2, Dl.2M - 2006
this standard: Standard Welding Code - Aluminum.
The American Ladder Institute, 330 N Wabash Avenue, Aluminum Design Manual. Specifications for Aluminum
Suite 2000, Chicago Illinois, 60011 . Structures, ADM 1-2005 '

1.8 Mandatory and Advisory Rules. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,
AnsI/AIsc360-05-20052.
Mandatory requirements of this standard are indicated
by the word "shaIl." If a requirement is of an advisory Specifications for Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M-
nature, it is indicated by the word "should" or is stated 20053.
as a recommendation. National Design Specifications for Wood Construction,
20024
1.9 Equivalent.
The word "equi'~zalent" in this standard shall be interpreted
to mean an alterative design, feature, construction, 3. Definitions
connection, or material providing equal performance.
Active Fall Protection Systems. A means of providing
1.10 Recognized Design Practice. fall protection that requires individuals to wear or
use fall protection equipment and which requires fall
The term "recognized design practice" in this standard protection training.
shall be interpreted to mean the use and application of
those specifications contained in the standards cited in Cage. A barrier, which may be referred to as a cage
Section 2 and 4.3. guard or basket guest, that is an enclosure mounted on the
side rails of the fixed ladder or fastened to the structure
to enclose the climbing space of the ladder in order to
safeguard the employee climbing the ladder.
2. Related Standards
Carmen The track of a ladder safety system consisting
2.1 Related American National of a Flexible cable or rigid rail, which is secured to the
Standards. ladder or structure by mountings.
This standard is intended for use with the following Connector. A component used to connect and disconnect
American National Standards (see Section 10). between the harness and the ladder safety sleeve.
Examples include snaphooks and carabiners.
American National Standard Safety Requirements for
Workplace Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Railing Fastening. Attaching a ladder to a structure, building or
Systems, ANSI Al264.l - 2007. equipment using a positive means such as bolt, weld or
other type of fasteners.
American National Standard Safety Requirements for
Portable Wood Ladders, ANSI A1-4.1 - 2007.
American National Standard Safety Code for Elevators ' Available from The Aluminum Association, 1525 Wilson Blvd., Suite
and Escalators, ANSIKASME Al'/.1 - 2004. 600, Arlington, VA, 22209
ZAvailable from American Institute of Steel Construction, l East
American National Standard Lightning Protection Code, Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 6060 l
ANSI/NFPA 780 - 2008. JAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA
19428
American National Standard $359.1 2007, Fall .a Available from the American Forest and Paper Association, 111 l 19th
Protection Code. Street, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036

2
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-2018

Fixed ladder. A fixed ladder is a ladder permanently Rungs. Rungs are ladder crosspieces of circular or
attached to a structure. oval cross section which a person may step in ascending
Harness, full body. A component with a design of straps or descending.
which is fastened about the person in a manner so as to Safety sleeve. The part of a ladder safety system consisting
contain the torso and distribute the fall arrest forces over of the moving component with locking mechanism that
at least the upper thighs, pelvis, chest and shoulders.
travels on the carrier and makes the connection between
Ladder. A device incorporating or employing steps, the carrier and the full body harness.
mugs, or cleats on which a person may step to ascend
or descend. Side-step ladder. A rail ladder that requires a person
getting off at the top to step sideways from the ladder in
Ladder safety system. An assembly of components order to reach a landing.
whose function is to arrest the fall of a user, including the
carrier and its associated attachment elements (brackets, Step surfaces. The clear portions of steps or rungs on
fasteners, etc.), safety sleeve, full body harness and which a person may step while ascending or descending
connectors, wherein the carrier is permanently attached to a ladder.
the climbing face of the ladder or immediately adjacent
Through ladder. A rail ladder that requires a person
to the structure.
getting off at the top to step through the ladder in order
Landing. Any area such as the ground, roof, or a platform to reach a landing.
that provides access/egress for a fixed ladder.
Toeboard. A barrier erected along the exposed edges of
Length of climb. The total vertical distance a person a platform or landing surface to prevent falls of materials
could climb in traveling between the extreme points of
or tools that would create hazards to persons below.
access/egress for a fixed ladder, whether the ladder is of
an unbroken length or consists of multiple sections. This Well (shaft). A walled enclosure around a fixed ladder
total vertical distance is determined by including all that provides the person climbing the ladder with the
spaces between all ladder steps or rungs and all other same protection as a cage.
vertical intervening spaces between the extreme points
of access/egress.
Mounting. A means for attaching a cage or a ladder 4. General Design Criteria
safety system to a ladder.
Passive Fall Protection. A means of providing fall 4.1 Maximum Ladder Lengths and
protection that does not require individuals to wear or Protection Requirements
use fall protection equipment. 4.1.1 A cage, well, or ladder safety system shall not be
Pitch. The included (acute) angle between the horizontal required where the length of climb is 24 feet or less
and the ladder, which is measured on the opposite side above or below ground level, or above or below a floor
of the ladder from the climbing side. The pitch is usually or roof with access/egress from ground level, floor, or
expressed as H/L, which is the horizontal distance, H, roof (See Fig. 2).
from the base of the ladder to the supporting surface
divided by the working length, L, of the ladder. 4.1.2 A cage or ladder safety system shall be provided
where the length of climb is less that 24 feet but the top
Platform. A landing surface that is used as a working or of the ladder is at a distance greater than 24 feet above
standing location. ground level, floor, or roof (See Fig. 3).
Power grip. The individual's ability to wrap the fingers
4.1.3 A ladder safety system shall be provided where a
around an object and oppose the base of the thumb. In this
single length of climb is greater than 24 feet (See Fig. 4).
grip, the force exerted by the fingers is approximately equal
and opposite to that exerted by the thumb (See Fig. 19). 4.1.4 Multiple sections of ladders having a single length
Rail. The side members joined at intervals by either of climb not exceeding 24 feet (See Fig. So) shall be
rungs or steps. provided with a cage, well or ladders safety system and
shall meet the requirements of 4.1.4.1 and 4.1.4.2.
Rail ladder. A fixed ladder consisting of side rails joined
at regular intervals by rungs and fastened full length or 4.1.4.1 Where cages or wells are used on multiple
in sections to a building, structure, or equipment. ladder sections:

3
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without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard AI4.3-201 8

a. Each section of ladder shall be horizontally offset the platforms, and for other live loads as indicated in
from adjacent sections with sufficient clearances. 4.2.1.2.
b. A landing platform shall be provided for safe 4.2.3 Dead Loads
access/egress with appropriate clearances to protect
the user (See Fig. 5a). 4.2.3.1 Ladders. The weight of the ladder and attached
appurtenances shall be considered simultaneously
4.1.4.2 Ladder safety systems shall be used when the with the live loads in the design of rails, supports,
length of climb of a ladder or multiple section ladders and fastenings.
exceeds 50 feet in a single length of climb and rest
platforms shall be provided at maximum intervals of 4.2.3.2 Platforms. The weight of the platforms and
150 feet (See Fig. Sb). attached appurtenances, including the dead load of any
portion of the ladder supported by the platform, shall
4.1.5 All parts and surfaces of fixed ladder installations be considered simultaneously with the live loads in the
shall be free of sharp edges, burrs, or other details that design of platform framing supports and fastenings.
may be hazardous to the person using the ladder.
4.1.6A ladder safety system may be used in combination 4.3 Design Stresses and Fabrication.
with a cage. 4.3.1 Steel

4.2 Design Loads. 4.3.1.1 Ladders and Platforms. Steel ladders and
platforms shall be designed and fabricated in accordance
All ladders, platforms, appurtenances, and fastenings with the applicable requirements in ANSI/AISC 360-
shall be designed to meet the load requirements 05-2005. Portable steel ladders may be adapted for
described in 4.2.1 through 4.2.3 . use as fixed ladders provided they meet all the
4.2.1 Live Loads for Ladders requirements of this standard.
4.2.1.1 Live Loads Imposed by Persons. Live loads 4.3.1.2 Materials. Materials conforming to ASTM
imposed by persons shall be as follows: A36/A36M-2005 or the equivalent shall be used.
Higher strength steel may be used, subject to the
a. The minimum design live load shall be two loads
requirements of ANSI/AISC 360-05-2005.
of 250 pounds each concentrated between any two
consecutive attachments. Each step or rung in the 4.3.1.3 Welding. Welding for steel ladders shall
ladder shall be designed for a single concentrated conform to all applicable requirements of ANSI/AISC
live load of 250 pounds minimum. 360-05-2005.
b. The number and position of additional concentrat- 4.3.2 Aluminum
ed live load units of 250 pounds each, determined
from anticipated usage of the ladder, shall be con- 4.3.2.1 Ladders and Platforms. Aluminum ladders
sidered in the design. and platforms shall be designed and fabricated in
accordance with the applicable requirements of ADM
4.2.1.2 Other Live Loads. The following live loads 1 - 2005. Portable aluminum ladders may be adapted
shall be considered in the design, where applicable: for use as fixed ladders provided they meet all the
a. A uniform coating of ice on all parts of the ladder, requirements of this standxd and all live loads.

b. A wind load on all parts of the ladder, 4.3.2.2 Materials. Alloys 6061 or 6063 of appropriate
temper (as defined by ADM 1 - 2005) shall be used.
C. The weight of rigging attached to the ladder, Other aluminum alloys may be used subject to the
including the load to be lifted, and requirements of ADM l - 2005.
d. Anticipated impact loads resulting from the use of 4.3.2.3 Welding. Welding for aluminum ladders
ladder safety systems and other live loads. shall conform to all applicable requirements of
4.2.1.3 Live Load Concentration. A11 live loads shall ADM 1 - 2005.
be considered to be concentrated at such a point or 4.3.3 Wood
points as will cause the maximum stress in the struck
rural member in question. 4.3.3.1 Wood ladders shall be designed and fabricated
in accordance with applicable requirements of ANSI
4.2.2 Live Loads for Platforms. All platforms shall be A14.l-2007, with the following additional restrictions:
designed for a uniform minimum live load of 100
pounds per square foot over the entire platform area, for a. Only single ladders as prescribed in ANSI Al4. 1-
the live loads resulting from ladders secured directly to 2007 shall be used as fixed wood ladders.

4
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior writtern permission of the publisher,
 Copyrighted material licensed t Foremost by Clarivate Analytics (us) LLC, subsl:riptions.techst
No further reproduction or distribution is permitted,
American Notionul Standard $14.3-2018

b. The design loads shall be as specified in 4.2. a. The minimum size (cross section) requirements
of steps and rungs specified in 5.1.3 are based on
C. The minimum clear width between side rails at
section properties adequate to support the design
any point shall not be less that 16 inches, and side loads specified in 4.2 and on the minimum clear
rails shall be parallel at all points. *idth specified in 5.1.2.
d. Fastenings meeting the design load requirements b. For additional load concentrations or attachment
shall be used for the permanent attachment of of ladder safety systems, and for clear widths
wood ladders to structures, building, or equipment. exceeding 16 inches, the minimum size (cross
4.3.3.2 Wood platforms shall be designed in accor- section) of steps and rungs shall be increased in
dance with the allowable stresses and fabrication accordance with recognized design practice.
practices of National Design Specifications for c. In no case shall the minimum size (cross section)
Wood Construction. of steps and rungs be less than % inch, as specified
4.3.4 Other Materials. Materials other than steel, com- in 5.1.3.2 (a), regardless of the material used.
posites (materials that perform as well as, or better than, d. The size (cross section) of steps and rungs shall be
the specific materials listed), aluminum, and wood may uniform in the same length of climb.
be used provided° the design, fabrication, and erection
are in accordance with recognized design practice and e. Steps and rungs shall be parallel and level.
meet live loads requirements as specified in 4.2. 5.1.3.2 Steel Ladders. The minimum sizes (cross

et
4.4 Design Supervision. The design of fixed ladder sections) of steps and rungs fabricated of steel

D p be fume 'Luo
systems shall be under the general supervision of a conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 shall be
qualified registered (licensed) stnictural or professional as follows:
engineer or architect. a. For ladders subject to normal atmospheric
exposures, %-inch-diameter solid bar, or the
4.4.1 Markings. All newly installed fixed ladders shall
equivalent in strength for square, rectangular,

W 0000+ 58251100 120-20-020Z

be stamped, marked or welded with the manufacturer
or other solid shapes is required.
name and address, and the date when the fixed ladder I

was installed on the inside of the bottom of the siderail b. For ladders subject to unusually corrosive
with a permanent legible marking that will stand up to atmospheric exposures, 1-inch-diameter solid
environmental conditions. bar, or the equivalent in strength for square,
rectangular, or other solid shapes, is required.
5.1.3.3 Aluminum Ladders. The minimum size of
5. Design Details for

TTlo'l
aluminum structural components shall be determined
Fixed Ladders in accordance with the provisions of ADM 1 - 2005.

'$u 1-S
* In cases where the ladders are subjected to corrosive
5.1 Steps and Rungs atmospheric exposure or placed in contact with
dissimilar materials, the aluminum shall be treated in
5.1.1 Vertical Spacings: The vertical spacing of the first accordance with the requirements of ADM l - 2005.
mug of climb shall be permitted to be adjusted within
the range of 14 inches (from ground level, floor or roof) 5.1.3.4 Ladders of Other Metals. The minimum
at the access level. A11 vertical spacing of the rungs from cross section as specified in 5.1.3.2 may be modified
the center of first rung throughout the length of climb (subject to the requirement of 5.1.3.1 (c)) by a factor
shall be 12 inches and uniform in the same length of that shall be the ratio of the allowable unit stress for
climb (See Fig. 6). steel conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 to the
allowable unit stress for the type and shape of the
5.1.2 Width. The minimum inside clear width of step other metal(s) used.
surface for steps and mugs shall be 16 inches, and this
width shall be uniform in the same length of climb 5.1.3.5 Wood Ladders. The minimum cross section of
(See Fig. 6). wooden steps and rungs shall be as specified in ANSI
A14.1-2007.
S.I.3 Minimum Size of Steps and Rungs
5.1.4 Rang Ends
5.1.3.1 General. The following are general requiiements
5.1 .4.] Step-and Rung-Type Ladders. Step-and rung-
for the minimum size of steps and mugs:
type ladders of steel, aluminum, and other metals
shall have each step or rung end securely fastened to
"Available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 the side rails so as to fully develop the strength of the

5
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher-
American National Standard $14.3-2018

step or rung, and so as to securely lock each step C. The same size (cross section) side rails shall be
or rung to the side rails. The connection of the rungs maintained for all ladders in the same length
to the side rails shall be designed to develop the full of climb.
strength of both the rung and the side rails. For welded
5.2.2.2 Steel Ladders. The recommended minimum
connections, where the mugs do not penetrate the
sizes (cross section) of side rails fabricated of steel
side rail, the recommended approach is to have the
conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 are as follows:
connection have a full fillet weld around the entire
circumference, welded in accordance with the a. For ladders subject to normal atmospheric
requirements of applicable American Welding Society exposures, flat solid bar stock, 2-1/2 inches wide
standards of practice (See Fig. 7). by 3/8-inch thick, or the equivalent in strength in
solid shapes, is required.
5. 1.4.2 Individual Rung Ladders
b. For ladders subject to unusual atmospheric
5.1.4.2.] Rung Attached to Metals. The ends of each
exposures, flat solid bar stock, 2-1/2 inches wide
rung shall have the proper configuration and sufficient
by 1/2-inch thick, or the equivalent in strength in
means of attachment to the supporting structure to
solid shapes, is required.
fully develop the design loads imposed on the rung.
5.2.2.3 Aluminum Ladders. The minimum size of
5.1.4.2.2 Rungs Embedded in Concrete or Masonry.
aluminum structural components shall be determined
The ends of each rung shall have proper configuration
in accordance with the provisions of ADM l - 2005.
and sufficient embedment in the supporting wall to
In cases where the ladders are subjected to corrosive
fully develop the design loads imposed on the rung
atmospheric exposure or placed in contact with
(See Fig. 8).
dissimilar materials, the aluminum shall be treated in
5.1.4.3 Wood Ladders. Rung ends shall be in accor- accordance with requirements of ADM 1 2005. -
dance with the requirements of ANSI A14.1 - 2007.
5.2.2.4 Wood Ladders. The minimum size of side
rails for wood ladders shall be as required in ANSI
5.2 Side Rails A14.1 - 2007.
5.2.1 Shape
5.2.2.5 Ladders of Other Materials. The minimum
5.2.1.1 Various shapes may be used that provides for size recommended for steel may be modified by a
a uniform gripping surface for the hands of persons factor that shall be the ratio of the allowable unit
using the ladder, as long as the shape provides a stress conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 to the
power grip throughout the length of climb. Irregular allowable units stress for the type and shape of other
shapes that do not provide for uniform power metal(s) used.
gripping shall not be used. (e.g. angle iron, I-beams
configurations, etc.) 5.2.3 Splices

5.2.1.2 The same shape of side rails shall be maintained 5.2.3.1 All splices shall be designed to ensure full
structural continuity of the side rails. Splices shall
for all ladders in the same length of climb.
be made at intermediate supports only if the type of
5.2.2 Minimum Size material used requires that location.
5.2.2.] General. The following are general requirements 5.2.3.2 Provisions for expansion due to thermal
for the minimum size of side rails: changes shall be made at splices if these provisions
are required to prevent buckling or buildup of stresses
a. The minimum size (cross section) of side rails
in the side rails.
recommended in 5.2.2 is based on section properties
adequate to support the design loads specified in 5.2.4 Maximum Spacing of Supports
4.2 and on the maximum spacing of supports
5.2.4.1 Steel Ladders. The spacing of supports for
specified in 5.2.4. Variations in size (cross section)
fastening the side rails to the structure, building, or
shall be permitted provided the section properties
equipment shall be 10 feet 0 inches for the size of side
are adequate to support the design loads and are
rails recommended in 5.2.2, and for the clear width
consistent with the maximum spacing of supports.
of steps or rungs specified in 5.1.2. For additional
b. For additional load concentrations or attachment of design loads or attachment of ladder safety systems,
ladder safety systems, and for spacing of supports or for variations in size (cross section) of side rails,
that exceeds the maximum spacing recommended, the spacing of supports shall be adjusted in accordance
the maximum size of side rails shall be increased with recognized design practice (see, e.g., Fig. 6
in accordance with recognized design practice. and 16).

6
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 Americon National Standard $14.3-2018

5.2.4.2 Ladders Constructed ofAZuminum, Wood, and of the steps or rungs if the underside of the hatch
Other Materials. The maximum spacing of supports opening is fitted with a deflector plate (See Fig. 13).
for fastening the side rails to the structure, building, or
5.3.4.2 Counterbalanced hatch cc-*vers shall open at
equipment shall be as required to adequately support
the loads, subject to the same requirements specified least 70 degrees from the horizontal. The springs or
other counterbalance mechanisms for the hatch may
for steel in 5.2.4.1.
project into the hatch opening provided they do not
reduce the clear width of access/egress to less than
5.3 Termination of the Top of the
24 inches. The top rung of the ladder may also be
Ladder
located below the top of the hatch to provide required
5.3.1 Top Step or Rung. The top of a step or rung of a clearance for the hatch cover (See Fig. 14).
ladder shall be level with the top of the access/egress
level or landing platform served by the ladder (See Fig. 9, 5.3.4.3 Hatch openings shall be provided with a
10, II), except as required by 5.3.4.2 or as permitted in means to facilitate access and exit from a fixed ladder
6.2.1.2. (i.e. Grab Bars or other such items that can be
grasped by the climber).
5.3.2 Extensions for Side-Rail Ladders.
5.3.2.1 The side rails of through or side-step ladders 5.4 Clearances
shall extend 3 feet 6 inches above the top of the 5.4.1 Climbing Side of Ladders
access/egress level or landing platform served by
the ladder (See Fig. 9, 10, 11). For a parapet ladder, 5.4.1.1 Ladders without cages or wells shall have a
the access/egress level shall be the roof if the parapet minimum perpendicular distance of 30 inches from
is cut to permit passage through the parapet; if the the centerline of the steps and rungs to the nearest
parapet is continuous, the access/egress level shall be permanent object on the climbing side (See Fig. 15).
the top of the parapet (See Fig. 10). 5.4.1.2 Ladders with cages or wells shall have
5.3.2.2 For through ladder extensions, the steps or clearances as specified in Section 6.
rungs shall be omitted from the extension and the
5.4.1.3 When unavoidable obstructions are encountered,
extension of the side rails shall be flared to provide
the minimum clearance may be reduced to 24 inches
not less than 2.4 inches, or more than 30 inches,
if reflector plates are provided (See Fig. 15).
clearance between side rails (See Fig. 9).
5.4.2 Back Side of Ladders
5.3.2.3 For side-step ladders, the side rails and the
steps or rungs shall be continuous in the extension 5.4.2.1 The perpendicular distance from the centerline
(See Fig. 6). of the steps and rungs, or grab bars, or both, to the
nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall be
5.3.3 Extensions for Individual Rung Ladders
not less than '7 inches (See Fig. 9, 10, II).
5.3.3.1 Individual rung ladders, except those intended
for manholes (See Fig. 12) and terminations with 5.4.2.2 For a through ladder, the step-across distance
hatches (see 5.3.4), shall be extended above the from the centerline of the steps or rungs to the nearest
access/egress level or landing platform either by the edge of the structure, building, or equipment shall not
continuation of the rung spacings as horizontal grab be less than 7 inches or more than 12 inches, a landing
bars or by providing vertical grab bars that shall have platform shall be provided to reduce the distance to
the same lateral spacing as the vertical legs of the between 7 and 12 inches (See Fig. 16).
rungs (See Fig. II). 5.4.3 Width or Side Clearances
5.3.3.2 Grab bars shall extend at least 3 feet 6 inches 5.4.3.1 Ladders without cages or wells shall have a
above the access/egress level or landing platform minimum clear width to the nearest permanent object
served by the ladder. of at least 15 inches on each side of the centerline of
5.3.3.3 The minimum size (cross section) of the grab the ladder (See Fig. 6).
bars shall be the same as for ladder nlngs (see 5.l.3). 5.4.3.2 Side-step ladders at the point of access/egress
5.3.4 Terminations with Hatches to a platform shall have a step-across distance of 15
inches minimum and 20 inches maximum from the
5.3.4.3 Hatches shall meet the minimum inside clear- centerline of the ladder (See Fig. 6).
ances specified for wells in 6.2.2. In the case of the
unusual hatch conditions, the clearance on the climbing 5.4.3.3 Ladders with a cage or well shall have clear-
side may be reduced to 24 inches from the centerline ances as specified in Section 6.

7
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or othep4~.rise_
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

5.5 Grounding. of the cage. This will give a maximum spacing, center
to center, approximately 9-1/2 inches (See Fig. 18).
Lightning protection, bonding and grounding of metal
ladders and attachments shall be in accordance with 6.1.2.4 The bottom of the cage shall be at a level
ANSI/NFPA 780 - 2008. neither less than 7 feet nor more than 8 feet above
the point of access/egress to the bottom of the ladder.
5.6 Corrosion Resistance. The bottom of the cage shall be flared not less than
5.6.1 All fixed ladders shall be designed to minimize the 4 inches all around within the distance between the
accumulation of moisture to help reduce corrosion on bottom horizontal band and the next higher band
metal ladders or rot of wood ladders. (See Fig. 17).

5.6.2 Fixed ladders made from materials not inherently Where practical difficulties are encountered, cages
corrosion resistant to the environment in which they will may start at 10 feet above the point of access/egress.
be used or exposed, shall not be constructed from tubular 6.1.2.5 The top of the cage shall be a minimum of
shapes or any other shapes that are not easily inspected 3 feet 6 inches above the top of the platform, or the
for structural degradation or for deterioration of any point of access/egress at the top of the ladder, will
corrosion resistant coating that may have been used. have provision for access/egress to the platform or
point of access/egress (See Fig. 17).
6.1.2.6 Any portion of the cage above the platform or
6. Design Details for Cages, above the point of access/egress that cannot be fastened
Wells, and Platforms to the side rail shall be fastened to the guardrail or
directly to the structure, building, or equipment.
6.1 Cages 6.1.3 Ladders with cages having platform depth less
6.1.1 General Design than 4 feet from the center line of the rung, shall provide
additional guarding (i.e. adding an extention to the guard
6.1.1.1 The general construction of cages shall con-
rail to prevent fall exposure to the climber).
sist of horizontal bands or supports and vertical bars.
An example of cage construction is shown in Fig. 17
and 18, but equivalent construction may be used.
6.2 Wells
6.2.1 General Construction
6.1.1.2 Horizontal bands shall be fastened to the
side rails of rail ladders, or directly to the structure, 6.2.1.1 Wells shall consist of a wall or walls, or
building, or equipment for individual rung ladders. equivalent construction, completely encircling the
ladder. The inside of the well shall be clear of
6.1.1.3 Vertical bars shall be on the inside of the projections (See Fig. 12).
horizontal bands and shall be fastened to them.
6.2.1.2 The top rung or step of the ladder shall
6.1.1.4 Cages shall be designed to support the live meet the requirements specified in 5.3.1, except that
loads and dead loads specified for ladders in 4.2. l individual mug ladders may have the top step or rung
and 4.2.3. located not more than 6 inches below the top of the
6.1.2 Cage Size well or access/egress point.

6.1.2.1 Cages shall extend neither less than 27 inches, 6.2.1.3 The top of the well shall have railings and
nor more than 30 inches from the centerline of the toeboard in accordance with ANSI Al264.1 - 2007,
step or rung (excluding the flare at the bottom of the and arranged as to provide safe access/egress for
cage), and shall not be less than 27 inches in width. the well.
The inside of the cage shall be clear of projections. 6.2.2 Well Size
6.1.2.2 Horizontal bands shall be spaced not more than 6.2.2.1 The inside face of the well on the climbing
4 feet on center vertically for the size and spacing of side of the ladder shall extend not less than 27 inches
vertical bars recommended in the example (See Fig. 17 or more than 30 inches from the centerline of the step
and 18). For variations in size (cross section) and spacing or rung. The inside clear width of the well shall be a
of vertical bars, the maximum spacing of horizontal nominal 30 inches for rectangular wells (See Fig. 12).
bands shall be in accordance with recognized
6.2.2.2 The bottom of the wall on the access side
design practice.
shall start at a level not less than 7 feet or more than
6.1.2.3 Vertical bars shall be spaced at intervals not more 8 feet above the point of access to the bottom of the
than 40 degrees on center around the circumference ladder (See Fig. 12).

8
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 Copyrighted material lie n ed t o F PE ost be Clarivate Rn lys S (LIS) LLC,
No 'further reproduction or distribution is Dermitted .
American National Standard $14.3-2018

6.3 Platforms 7.1.5 Designed static load: the system shall be capable
of sustaining a minimum static load of 1000 pounds
6.3.1 General Construction
applied to the sleeve in the direction of a fall when tested
6.3.1.1 Platforms shall consist of a horizontal area on in accordance with 7.5.3.
which a person may step while climbing a ladder,
7.1.6 Individuals using ladder safety systems shall be
either for rest purposes or for access to another section
protected from fall hazards during the process of con-
of the ladder.
necting and disconnecting (transitioning) from the ladder
6.3.1.2 All platforms shall be provided with railing and safety systems. This can be accomplished by design of
toeboards, in accordance with ANSI A126-4.1 - 2007. the transition areas, by use of passive or active fall
protection systems or, by other equivalent means. If an
6.3.2 Platform Size. The total depth of the platform shall active fall protection system is used, a suitable anchorage
provide a minimum space of 30 inches from the center- point for connection of the fall protection system must
line of the ladder on the climbing side. The width of the be provided.
platform shall be not less than 30 inches.

00 4aaJ;sLI:l 4'su HUT Jsqn

6.3.3 Ladder Access Protective Swing Gates shall be 7.2 Safety Factors
installed at each ladder opening on elevated platforms to 7.2.1 The factor of safety shall be based on the ultimate
provide fall protection on new fixed ladder installations. stress of the material and comply with the following:
The ladder access swing gate shall be a hinged gate or
7.2.1.1 Flexible components such as webbing and
equivalent that is self-closing and does not restrict the
fabric shall have a safety factor of not less than 5 for
ladder access width clearances for entry and exit. The
the designed static load.
ladder access swing gate construction shall be capable of

I
f»q 0000+ SZ'9t 100 b0"20"0202 u0 pap D`llUM p
withstanding the guardrail strength test requirements 7.2.1.2 Flexible carriers shall have a safety factor of
(See Fig. 5). not less than 10 times designed static load.
7.2.1.3 Ductile material shall have a safety factor of
not less than 5 times the designed static load.
7. Ladder Safely System
7.3 Ladder Safety Systems Consisting
7.1 General Design of a Carrier, Safety Sleeve, and Full
7.1.1 All components of ladder safety systems shall meet Body Harness
the design requirements of section 7. 7.3.1 The safety sleeve shall be of a type which can be
operated entirely by the person using the ladder safety
7.1.2 The ladder safety system shall allow at least two

T 0`l
system. It shall permit the person using the ladder safety
persons, but not more than four, averaging 250 pounds
system to ascend or descend without having to continually

'8lJ9}-S
each (including equipment), to ascend or descend
manipulate the safety sleeve.
simultaneously, however, only one person at a time
(except in rescue operations) shall use the same portion 7.3.2 The ladder safety system shall be tested in accor-
of carrier between intermediate mountings for rigid dance with 7.5.4. The maximum length of movement of
carriers or cable guides for flexible carriers. the safety sleeve, in an accidental fall, shall not be more
than 6 inches.
7.1.3 The ladder safety system shall be designed to
absorb the impact of a solid object weighing at least 7.3.3 The maximum length of the connection between
500 pounds in a free fall of 18 inches. When tested in the centerline of the carrier and the point of attachment
accordance with 7.5.2 the ladder safety system shall to the full body harness shall not exceed 9 inches
arrest and suspend (post fall) the test weight without (See Fig. 20).
failure. The test weight must not strike the ground. This 7.3.4 Mountings for rigid carriers shall be attached at
test shall be conducted (or repeated using a new system) each end of the carrier with intermediate mountings
such that each critical area of the system is evaluated, spaced along the entire length of the carrier in accor-
for example splice joints in rigid carrier sections. Note: dance with the manufactuler's recommendations.
for systems covered by 7.3, the weight may not be Intermediate mountings shall be installed within 1 foot
arrested by the sleeve reaching an intermediate or bottom below each splice on the carrier, and not less than one
end-stop of the system but rather by the sleeve stopping every 25 feet.
along the carrier.
7.3.5 Mountings for flexible carriers shall be attached at
7.1.4 Design and installation of mountings shall not each end of the carrier in accordance with the manufac-
reduce the strength of the fixed ladder. turer's recommendations. Cable guides utilized with a

9
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior wcilten permission of the publisher.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

flexible carrier shall be installed at a minimum spacing b. Test Ladder: The test ladder shall be fabricated
of 25 feet and a maximum spacing of 40 feet along the using steel and be constructed in accordance with
entire length of the carrier. the requirement of this standard and installed to a
rigid structure.
7.3.6 Connectors used with the ladder safety system
shall be self-closing and self-locking and shall meet the C. Test Weight: The 500 pound test weight shall be a
requirements of ANSI Z359.l - 2007. compact shape rigidly constructed of steel with
means for connection of the test lanyard.
7.3.7 Full body harnesses used with the ladder safety
systems shall have at least one frontal attachment element d. Test Torso: The test torso shall be in accordance
intended for connection to the safety sleeve and when with ANSI Z359.1 - 2007 Test Torso.
WOIT1 by the user, shall be located or be positioned above e. Quick Release Mechanism: The test weight or test
the user's center of gravity. The harness shall meet the torso, whichever is applicable, shall be released by
requirements of ANSI Z359.l - 2007. a remotely operated quick release which shall
7.3.8 Required markings shall be in English and their release the test weight or torso without imparting
attachment shall endure for the life of the component or any motion to it.
system of the ladder safety devices. The safety sleeve 7.5.2 Dynamie Strength Test
shall be marked with the part number and model desig-
nation, year of manufacture, manufacturer's name or Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
would be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the
logo, standard number (Al4.3 - 2008), waring to follow
carrier sufficiently above ground level. Connect one end
manufacturer's instructions included with the equipment
of the test lanyard to the safety sleeve at the point that is
at time of shipment from the manufacturer, proper size
normally connected to the harness. Connect the second
and type(s) of carrier(s) intended to be used with the
end of the test lanyard to the rigid 500 pound test weight.
safety sleeve, warnings against using incompatible carriers, Using the quick release mechanism lower the test weight
warning not to exceed 9 inch connection distance limit until the lanyard is just taught then raise the weight
between carrier and harness connection element and, 18 inches. Release the test weight from a point within
indicate the direction of use of the safety sleeve on the 12 inches horizontally from the centerline of the carrier.
carrier. The ladder safety system shall be marked with Evaluate the system in accordance with 7.1.3 (See Fig. 21).
year of installation, manufacturer's name or logo, standard
number (Al4.3 - 2008), warning to follow manufacturer's 7.5.3 Static Strength Test
instructions included with the equipment at time of ship- Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
ment from the manufacturer, maximum number of users would be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the
allowed on the system, warnings against unauthorized carrier a convenient height above ground level. Apply a
alteration of substitution of system elements and compo- static load of 1000 pounds to the sleeve in the downward
nents, warnings against use of system with incompatible direction. Maintain the load for a period of 5 minutes.
safety sleeve and, inspection requirements. Evaluate the system in accordance with 7.1.5. Note: a
clamp or stop may be positioned below the sleeve to
7.4 Ladder Safety Systems of prevent sliding down the carrier, it should not reduce the
Other Designs load exerted on the ladder safety system.
Ladder safety systems utilizing other designs shall meet 7.5.4 Dynamic Performance Test
the design requirements of this standard, including the
requirements of 7.1 and 7.2. Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
would be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the carrier
at least 6 feet above ground level. Fit the harness to the test
7.5 Ladder Safety System Test Methods torso and adjust snugly as though the torso were a person.
7.5.1 Test Equipment Connect the safety sleeve to the harness, as it would be in
a. Test Lanyard: The test lanyard used in performing normal use. Using the quick release mechanism raise the
the dynamic strength test shall be fabricated from torso to a position that will create the greatest free fall and
Type 302 stainless steel, 7 x 19 strand 3/8 inch mark the position of the sleeve on the carrier. Release the test
diameter aircraft cable. The lanyard shall be termi-
nating at each end by forming a flemish eye over a 'The committee concludes that outward (backward) fall risk potential is
thimble and suitable connector secured with swaged critical. However no scientific determination on this issue is currently
fitting. When measured under a tension of 10 available at the time of this standard revision. The committee will
monitor this issue and provide an addendum to the revision once
pounds, the test lanyard shall be 4 feet in length necessary test data becomes available. A committee will be appointed
bearing point to bearing point between connectors. to draft appropriate language for the new section once received.

10
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or othewvise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard Al4.3-201 8

weight. Evaluate the system in accordance with 7.3.2. This 9.1.2 Proper use of the fixed ladder system will con-
test applies to vertical direction falls only. The current test tribute significantly to safety. Haste, sudden movements,
does NOT cover outward (backward) falls. See footnote 7.7 lack of attention during use, ladder condition (worn or
damaged) and physical condition contribute to falls. The
footwear employed by the user may also contribute to
8. Protective Finishes falls. Improper climbing posture creating user clumsiness
on the ladder may also cause falls.
8.1 Metal Ladders 9.1.3 The safe useful life of the fixed ladder system is
8.1.1 If carbon-steel rail ladders and carbon-steel indi- dependent on its proper in-service maintenance. While
vidual rung ladders attached to metal are exposed to the ladders are designed for extended service, it is necessary
elements, to minimize corrosion they shall receive a to provide periodic in-service maintenance to ensure
prime coat of paint and one (or more) field finish coat(s) their continued safe use. Ladders are neither designed
of paint, or shall be hot-dip galvanized, or shall receive nor intended to possess an infinite safe useful life.
equivalent methods of metal protection.
9.1.4 Ladders shall be routinely inspected to ensure they
8.1.2 Carbon-steel individual mug ladders embedded in meet the criteria set forth in this standard.
masonry or concrete shall be hot-dip galvanized as pro-
tection against corrosion at the critical points where the 9.1.5 Where ladder safety systems are used on a ladder,
mng metals enters the masonry or concrete. Equivalent training in the usages shall be provided to the user.
protective methods may also be used.
9.2 Use
8.1.3 For all carbon-steel ladders exposed to continuous-
ly moist conditions, hot-dip galvanizing is recommended 9.2.1 When ascending/descending a ladder, the user shall
as protection except where the moisture condition is also face the ladder and maintain a three-point contact at all
corrosive to galvanizing, in which case special coatings times. Three-point contact consists of two feet and one
shall be provided or a non-corrosive metal used. hand or two hands and one foot which is safely supporting
users weight when ascending/descending a ladder.
8.1.4 The exposed portions of ladders of aluminum or
other non-corrosive metals do not require painting, 9.2.2 The user shall not carry tools or equipment while
except that those portions of the ladders in contact with ascending/descending a ladder. Both hands and arms shall
dissimilar metals or embedded in masonry or concrete remain free for climbing. Hand tools shall be carried in a
shall be painted or otherwise protected in accordance pouch holster or otherwise secured, to help avoid creating
with recognized maintenance practice. a hazard. Alternative methods, other than being carried
by the ladder user, shall be implemented to handle
8.2 Wood Ladders. materials/supplies .
Wood ladders shall normally be treated with a nonirdtalzing 9.2.3 The user shall never jump or slide down from a
preservative suitable for the service. Wood ladders may ladder or climb more than one rung/step at one time.
be coated with a preservative treatment, in accordance
with the requirements of 9.3.8. 9.2.4 The user shall wear footwear with heels when
climbing a ladder and avoid using flat-soled shoes.
8.3 Combined Materials. 9.2.5 User shall avoid using greasy or slippery hands
When different types of materials are used in the or gloves and/or footwear while ascending/descending
construction of fixed ladders, the materials used shall a ladder.
be treated at their interfaces with suitable protective
materials, as necessary, to prevent any deleterious effects 9.2.6 Ladders shall be kept free from oil, grease, or
of one material on the other. slippery materials on platforms, mugs and gripping
surfaces. Footwear should be kept clean.
9.2.7 User shall avoid ascending/descending a ladder
9. Use, Maintenance and during high winds, storms, or when ice/frost or snow
Inspection of Ladders covers the ladder.
9.2.8 Users who tire easily, who have physical limitations
9.1 General which prevent a person from safely climbing a ladder
9.1.1 The guidelines discussed in this section do not such as fainting, and/or under medication or prescription
constitute every proper or improper procedure for the drugs, which may cause physical impairment, shall not
maintenance and use of ladders. be permitted to use fixed ladders.

I1
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No part oflhis publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

9.3 Maintenance 9.3.7 If a ladder safety system is provided, it shall be

9.3.1 A11 fixed ladders and the ladder safety systems inspected and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's
shall be maintained in a safe condition. Inspections for recommendations.
rust, corrosion, and deterioration shall be made at least 9.3.8 Ladders of wood or wood components may be coated
annually, with more frequent inspections to be made as
with a nonconduclive finish such as varnish, shellac, or a
determined by user and exposure. Ladder inspections
clear or tinted preservative. Ladders shall not be coated
shall include inspecting all the major ladder components
such as rungs, side rails, supports, fasteners/anchors, with any opaque covering except for a minimum amount
ladder safety system, backside obstructions/clearances, needed for identification or other markings, and then
front side clearances/obstructions, hatches, hatches only on one face of the side rails.
opening arms, grab bars or rails, platforms and side rail
9.3.9 All new fixed ladders, and its component systems,
extension anchors.
shall have markings as outlined in section 4.4.1 located
9.3.2 All bolts and welds shall be in place and secure in a conspicuous place.
before a ladder is used, and no ladder shall be used if
any fastenings or welds are missing, or if the joints 9.4. Ladder Security Systems
between the rungs and the side rails are not tight.
9.4.1 Ladder Security Systems may be used to prevent
9.3.3 Where structural damage or defects make a ladder unauthorized access to the fixed ladder. The ladder
hazardous, the ladder shall be taken out of service and security system shall not interfere with the safe use of
either repaired by a competent individual or blocked, the ladder (See Fig. 22).
fenced, or removed so that it cannot be used.
9.3.4 When repairs are made to fixed ladder systems, the
materials used should be at least the equivalent of the 10. Revision of American
original construction.
National Standards Referred
9.3.5 Records should be maintained of annual or regu-
larly scheduled inspections and maintenance of fixed to in This Document
ladder systems. When the American National Standards referred to in this
9.3.6 If grounding protection has been provided for the document are superseded by a revision approved by the
ladder, the ground connection (or connections) to the American National Standards Institute, Inc., the revision
ladder shall be inspected for continuity at least annually. shall apply.

12
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-201 8

Figure I
Pitch of Fixed Ladders

r CLIMBING SIDE OF THE

FIXED LAODER RANGE
to, T5° 60"
~~.. *~.\l\~
1.

*'\*-».`\`\\ ~'
PReFeRRSO meAL
RANGE su$313
FOR
FIXED LADDE
LADDER

Figure 2
Length of Climb 24ft. or Less - Cage, Well, Or Ladder Safety Systems Not Required

3ft6 irlMlN

ASCENT
24 ft OR LESS

GROUND LEVEL, FLOOR, OR ROOF

,/zfv/;\»»,->;z a
~,>»->

13
Copyright©201a by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without tIle prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard $143-2018

Figure 3
Length of Climb 24ft. Less with Elevated Access - Cage or Ladder Safety System Required

'r 1'

I
3ft6in MlN
-E

CAGE OR LADDER
I

J
SAFETY SYSTEM
L24n
OH LESS
GREATER THAN 24 f1.
7ftMIN
8flMAX
I

GROUND LEVEL,
/I
t'»/f
»:5{/ r

|'.;*;'
/C
.
FLOOR, OR ROOF
( ~" 4 n- w U
t~/,=i=*~*:»'?»:»*-':»"»*',»--~' V.I\`:»~'/,f'*~*/.-;;-~*/',ff,»*- X»*,»-*-2/»-':»'://\%',)~~#/\*/Af

Figure 4
Single Length of Climb Greater Than 24f-t. Ladder Safety System Required

1
L

II
; - - l
r'fL6in MIN
I |.
1

I
I I

LADDER
.
I

l
Q
SAFETY
I
I

'n
SYSTEM I

|
GREATER THAN 24 ft
I

NOTTO EXCEED 50fl

1
I

ln
II I' 7fiM GROUND LEVEL, FLOOR OR FIOOF
I Bftll/IAx
V
.. "1.y I'~%*%\vA*+m\€%
ASCENT

14
Copyright© 201B by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights reserved.
No part of this pubiicaiiori may be reproduced in any
form, in at: electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 Copyrighted material licensed to Foremost by Elarivate Hnalgrtlcs (US) LLC. subsl:r1ptil:ns.tef,:hstreet com, downloaded on 2020--02-04 00:15:25 +0000 by Louis Stand.
N further peproduct on or distr°lbut ion is permitted.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 5
Total Lengths of Climb Greater Than 24 it. - Platforms and or
Ladder Safety System Required

IIll
I
I-
I-»
3 fc 6 in GROUND LEVEL, FLOOR, OR ROOF
i
MIN 11 ,

PLATFORM

IIII
IIII l
-- 24 f t MAX 24flMAX
EACH SECTION EACH
III
l
2 l OFFSET OFFSET
SECTION
L_
I
I I

*Q .

"x
PLATFORMS °--50ffmAx PLATFORMS - ~ 50 f f MAX
I
H

CAGE OR
I

CAGE. WELL. OR
II LADDER SAFETY
SYSTEM EACH
LADDER SAFETY
SYSTEM EACH
W SECTION
-- 24 ft MAX SECTION
-- 24 f mAx
II GROUND LEVEL,
FLOOR
FLOOR» OR ROOF
-
7 f1 MIN 7 fl MIN
8 ft MAX 8 f t MAX
L
$\§,V,Z\\7/.$\l~?}4fl/{¢&\'7'/¢\"7# nr 'L

ASCENT DESCENT

(a)
Multiple Sections, 24 ft. Max Each Section When Cages or Wells Are Provided
(A ladder safety system shall be provided where a single length of climb is greater than 24 feet)

15
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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American Nctionol Sfondord Al4.3-201 8

Figure 5 - Continued
Total Lengths of Climb Greater Than 24 it. - Platforms and or Ladder Safety System Required

Rest Platform
| - _ _ - l-vw-D

.I

-LADDER LADDER
SAFETY SAFETY
SYSTEM SYSTEM J'

l5O fl MAX

a
I
r

lu

I
r
I
12 1,

l
REST REST
PLATFORM PLATFORM
. * .
Si
.
I
I..-

I
l50fI MAX (b)
Continuous Length of Climb
150 ft. Max Between
GROUND LEVEL
FLoor,on no-:»I= Platforms When Ladder
Safety System is Provided
\\2./>~>>>>~\%=:<~.v,».w~y;>,>¢~;»,¢¢.,>;;41 I/2~'/x>l//$\Hy'/,N//x~* q

ELEVATION SIDE VIEW

Figure 6
Support and Ladder Dimensions and Side Clearances

l T :
I
.H _ _
I

12 in CENTERS,
ALL RUNGS
_ 3l'l6irlMln
=

a n ----
D

16 in CLEAR WIDT1-I MIN

L M
¢

I
I
: i/ i BETWEEN SIDE RAILS 15inMIJ
;
lllll____-
-|

\
._

I
10 ft 0 in NOMINAL
@@) .I=
~1l
15 in MIN
I SPACING OF 20 in MAX s

SUPPORTS
I
I

I
(SEE 5.2.4)
I

i
/
_ .I5in
--u»4
15 in'!
- p. I
/, MIN CLEARANCE
TO ANY PERMANENT
OBSTRUCTION
-i FOR LADDER
Q WITHOUT CAGE
OR WELL
r=---v'mmln
/ I
Z i . 12inMAX
. g
Q;
'-. . -kw __
SUPPORT SPACINGl LADDER SIDE CLEAFIANCES
DIMENSIONS AND SIDE CLEAHANCES FOR SIDE-STEF' LADDERS
16
Copyrighl©2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights resewed.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the p`rior written pemlission of the publisher.
 Copyrighted material licensed to Foremost be Clarivate Rnalytics (LIS) LLC, subsl:rlptlons.tec:hstreet.com, downloaded on 2020 02-- 04 00:15:25 +0000
No further reproduction or distribution is oermltted.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 7
Rung Ends

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. !
I
I.

so16
<:»:l

wu: s12E uusr MATCH HOLE DID

3/u6

a 'r B

I
I
I I
I
I
I
I
5 * E

be
ml

Lnuls Stand.
3/16

i
i i i

I
..
3
*- -
1 i

3/16

SHOWN FOR A36 STEEL

QI

17
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the plier written permission of the publisher.
Americon No:tionol Stondord $14.3-201 8

Figure 8
Individual Rung Ladders - Suggested Design of Rungs

16 in MIN
CLEARANCE

12 in ON CENTERS

RUNGS

GENERAL VIEW 7 in MIN

CROSS SECTION

Figure 9
Termination at Floor or Platform

24 in MIN, 30 in MAX at

GFIIND SMOOTH *i
`F?F- WELD
3 f1 6 in MIN TYPICAL
rTOP OF FIUNG
FLUSH WITH TOOI FLOOR OR
OF FLOOD OR i
PLATFORM LINE
=PLATFOF¥M
44-' a a _
.v
WELD
TYPICAL
16 in MIN GLEAH WALL ANCHOR
. _
STRAPS WITH
- n

FASTENERS

STEPS OR RUNGS
12 in CENTERS
I

7 in
GPATING
PLATFORM
FLOOR FASTENER
FASTENEP
FLOOR OR
PLATFORM LINE
.
we",a | NI. rg
itI W-i" HJ",
T ' u Ji!
|

ELEVATION SIDEVIEW
18
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Copyright© 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights resewed.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-201 8

Figure 10
Terminations at Roof

i
Iu
TDP OF r
RUNG 3fl6in
FLUSH
I WITH MIN
PAFIAPET
I
I
I

"T"
I
~»f~.;t--

qI " L
.@, ua-

I
l
.....3ft6 in
I I MIN TOP DF
Fr.uH
I

Q
T ...:>~(;~ F L usHh
-n-i.

w. I T
1

ASTENENS~, TOP OF
RUNG
eToP
I FLUSH FAs TENER
- Gé
_ I WITH
I

ROOF
1 x
>
I
'7 In

ACCESS OVER ACCESS THRU ACCESS OVER

PARAPET PARAPET GRAVEL STOP

Flgu r e 1 1
Gre b Ba r s

W
i 1- Z
HORIZONTAL I 2 VERTICAL GRAB
BARS SPACED
GRAB BARS 5 SAME WIDTH AS it
VERTICAL LEGS
OF RUNGS
3f1.6in MIN
V
TOP OF RUNGS
FLUSH WITH
FLOOR
// -:a ft. 6 in. MIN
/Q
if
'V
é
FLOOR FLOOR
~»,4
/<
;f< INDIVIDUAL
RunGs
1
~r
Z "Y INDIVIDUAL 1 -é
RUNGS ,
3/ Z
M

Ill lm
of/ |
|

I
.
FOR DIMENSIONS
I
,
I
.

by/
¢ I- SEE FIG. 12
"Z ¢
fZA / ¢
WELL WELL

/'

HORIZONTAL
,f4
VERTICAL
Z
19
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 12
General Arrangements for Ladders in Wells
Q LADDER Q LADDER
'fin MIby. | AND WELL T i n Ml N I AND WELL

(a) Horizontal Sections

Rectangular Walls

2? in MIN
15 in NOMINAL- IQ JF'
so in MAX 1

I
l / #4
RAIL LADDER INDIVIDUAL
RUNG LADDER
-

1
7 in MIN
(b) Horizontal Sections
Circular Wells

£34-in MIN, 37-in MAX£

N
XV

. WELL DIAMETER"-

r-
mS

T'
RAIL LADDER lnowu'-nunL
RUNG LADDER

(c) Vertical Sections

I
'Fe I
Quo ;5/8 6inMAX
I I
we
% I I
*
41 4 12 in
I In. .Jn l * . - l" I I l l j l -

12 in
CENTERS
ALL RUNGS /» I
' I
- -

I l l lull .| uW -
* I
CENTERS
ALL RUNGS
(except for first mng) (except for Iirst rung)
Z I I
%
. _._ .
I It! ll |

ACCESS OPENING
•
7 fr 0 in MIN I I
8 ft 0 in MAX
I

I r 11

~-- .nn if
'As .

-a-m...--g q I
I
1 !

I. 14i run MAX I 14in MAX !

,, . | I

First Rung
Pw / / / 7 / / / >
RAIL LADDER INDIVIDUAL
HUNG LADDER

20
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No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of tlle publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 13
Deflector Plate for Hatch Opening with Reduced Clearance

- - » - 24-in MIN ~- -*
REDUCED CLEARANCE
(see Flcs.15 For
NORMAL CLEARANCES J CURB

P I
-4
J
" _ 1
"=Q ' r
~e»_J".'~°
4 | * * 1 - g g * ..
4 -|
'a

. _ i
I

._
_ l _ _ " ? - '
1'
. 4-1
i
I
3- .
QJ

-1.1.
_b
1

'
I
I- ~i
I
1
6TO 12in .
I'

lP*
1

' u
.*'*
I
1'
4
l»'*-1

1
|
1

,l
*-9
w.
1

*nm
*I

...
g*
'u

""..l1
t ~».-l'
' V T
~\ . .*~*.*',l
'4 . ..
Q.i *
_
._ r
*I
* I
I i i ! "
I

,_.'. . l
:.*.,'.'~

L
4

1
s

r
1 irvIN 60°
/
7 in MIN 16

DEFLECTOR

? 32 in MIN 1-1 PLATE

L
Figure 14
Counterbalanced Hatch Cover at Roof

COVER

70" MIN
WHEN OPEN
CLEARANCE AS
REQUIRED FOR
HATCH COVER

7irl-i sq-

H FI
Faunt
r f
CANT
I

STRIP HINGE

1
l

.-'II'!. I ¢'_1°.'.2l
"4
1
'|'

>
.l'.i.I. '3-_-_l°_.4.*
i
HATCH WIDTH l-AUTOMATIC
HOLD-OPEN
FACE FACE OF _
24 in MIN FROM

OPERATING ARMS
AND OPERATING
ARMS, ONE EACH SIDE

21
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Ll.:

form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,

without the prior written permission of the publisher.
American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 15
Minimum Ladder Clearance
4
\ FLOOR, PLATFORM, ROOF,
V
\
4 ol I 21.611
OR OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS
\
~>\' | al 0
as I
I

~T~
4
/
'Q ian-
24 in MIN
:~4 I

g I.
TF l
n

I
pa
|
I
SD'

l
f
ln- /'
x
I

I l rnMIN
< p;
I

I
I
I

16 'L
E
al A
I
32 in MIN l 1
..,,
-47~ t- a
I

5 .|, 7in TO Q OF RUNGS

NORMAL CLEARANCE REDUCED CLEARANCE
DEFLECTOR PLATE FOR
HEAD HAZAPDS

Figure 16
Through Ladder Clearance - Ladder Placed Far From Wall
I

I
r I

-afro I
MIN LANDING
r 7 in MIN
PLATFORM in 12 in MAX
1-.
I

FROM Q_OF RUNGS

|
/

-IO fi O in MAX
i
7 in MIN !

I L

SUPPORTS TU
$TRUCTURE**
-IO fr o in MAX
(SEE 5.2.4)
HINGED
sasH ~"
l'

_.J
22
Copyright©2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights resewed. -
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 C¢9'*JT'iLM3dg eerie Licensed to FOr'u=IuJ*l to tiiaravzrle armlet :ca us! Luc. snbbscrintic
HD fwtnef
American National Standard $14.3-2018

ian of' drserxtwtiiun is - - 1 cities.

Figure 'I7
Example of the General Construction of Cages

18 in MIN
2 xi -in HORIZONTAL BANDS

30 in MAX L é--in
L27 in MIN
II
12X|6
VERTICAL BARS
15 in MIN
20 in MAX A

1
! - 1
-»

27 in MIN

- 4
l\

R-u

Ip
-

- * _ - u n .

l
D
50 in MAX II I I l
-

l
'ull- .-
C
3 f1 6 in

.nu

A
E »

(TYPICAL)
LD Q
-is! _MW

WELD
812 I
l r
l i.

~-=:

ielzhsfreei
_-,al

"'*'Z.;*A////.271 I///F/I'/. - 2
`l

I
D
I
_c
o
Q a:
<1.

\
n F L RE

4-in FLARE
I

LADDER
24*f t Oin MAX

D
xvw sO up?

I 24120-1
.-

. .l l
r I I JI 5 . 1

D
I u 1'
11 u
u p !

| I
L

I
Q

*04 £
I

4 ft O in MAX-
4
I .

=15=25
l o
l
l

mm be
'
x 2 qx 1. f 1
I

24 I
I

D
31 in MIN 2 2 ET 31 in MIN

Lnuss Star
]l35 in MAX :az ;82 35 in MAX
i

I*-co "-a> o
I
I l I . -I
I I a l
W///////////yjW2 7/////Z27////%"ZV/////X _.H n~
s res nu-
ACCESS THROUGH ACCESS LATERALLY EXAMPLE OF CAGE
LADDER FROM LADDER ELEVATION

* 24' without a ladder safety system

23
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher,
American National Standard $14.3-2018

Figure 18
Example of a Cage Plan

7 in MIN lf12ir\ I f t 3 in RADIUS

30°

LADDER
I

s I

in HORIZONTAL
I BANDS-TYPICAL

in VERTICAL
BARS-TYPICAL

LADDER
SUPPORTS

24
Copyright©2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 - All rights reserved .
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard AIAL3-2018

Figure 19
Display of Power Grip

Rung

Grip

I Span

Side Rail

Figure 20
Connection Length Between Carrier and Safety Sleeve

CENTER LINE
OF CARRIER
9 INCHES
MAXIMUM
- _ - ¢ _ _
¢ 0
If **
I
to,
"~.
\
'L
al.
I II'
4'
I
I
'H
'H
I...

"'\\1 * - J " r
I

I SAFETY SLEEVE AND

INTERMEDIATE
CONNECTORS

CLIMBER'S HARNESS
SAFETY ATTACHMENT ELEMENT

25
Ccp3rright®2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 - All ri his resewed.
:JJ

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any

form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher,
American National Standard $14.3-201 8

Figure 21
Dynamic Strength Test, Ladder Safety System, Shown Prior to Release of the Test Weight

12 INCHES MAXIMUM

HOIST

SLEEVE

QUICK
RELEASE :

I
MECHANISM
I

TEST
LANYARD

500 POUND
TEST WEIGHT

TEST
LADDER

of'

CARRIER

GOUND
LEVEL -
I
I I
I
I
I

26
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Cop3rright© 2018 by ANSI-ASC A14 All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 Am ric n N ii n I S1 nd rd AI4.3-2018

Figure 22
Ladder Guard

| .I

I
I

|.
I
I
I

I
I
l

'~\
no

7I Min
l

i
II
1

I l

I
v
-. r

27
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form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
 American National Standard $14.3-2018

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