ADOPTION NOTICE

ASME-Bl07.14M. ofTools,Hand, Torque", was adopted on 28-AUG-87

for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by
DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity:
U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center
(TACOM-ARDEC), ATTN: AMSTA-AR-EDE-S, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
07806-5000. DoD activities may obtain copies of this standard
from the Standardization D0cumen.t Order Desk, 700 Rabbins Avenue,
Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. The p r i v a t e sector and
o t h e r Government agencies may punhase copies from the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers Service Center (ASME}, 22 Law
Drive, P.O. Box 2900, F a i r f i e l d , NJ 07007-2900.

Custodiana: Adopting Activities:

Army - AR Army - AR
Navy - SH
Air Force - 99

Reviewer Activities:
Army - CR4, GL
Navy - AS, MC, YD1
A i r Force 84 -

FSC 5120
m
DIS
is unlimited.
NT I Approved for public release; distribution

ZOOm
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 ASME Bl07.14M-I994
(REVISION OF ANSVASME B107.14M-1985)

Hand Torque Tools

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

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 ASME B L 0 7 . 1 4 M 94 W 0759b70 0540940 T39

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Hand Torque Tools

ASME Bl07.14M-I994
(REVISION OF ANSVASME B107.14M-1985)

The American Society of

Mechanical Engineers

345 East 47th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 L

COPYRIGHT American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 Date of Issuance: April 27, 1994

This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a
new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the re-
quirements of this Standard issued to this edition.

ASME is the registered trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus committee that approved the codeor standard was
balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an oppor-
tunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and
comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly zdvised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own
responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing
ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol-
unteers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Copyright O 1994 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

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 ASME B L O 7 = L Y M 9 4 0759670 0540942 B O L

FOREWORD

(This Foreword is not part of ASME B107.14M-1994.1

The American National Standards Committee B107, Socket Wrenches and Drives, under
sponsorship of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, held its organizational meeting
on June 28, 1967. Subsequently, the committee was reorganized as an ASME Standards Com-
mittee and its title was changed to Hand Tools and Accessories.
This Standard is a revision of ANSUASME B107.14M-1985 (Reaffirmed 1991). The fol-
lowing is a summary of the significant changes made to the 1985 edition of this Standard:
Section 2 [Classification]; under Type 2, a further subdivision of Style into Designs A,
B, and C; the classification level Form A, B, C, etc., redesignated Design A, B, C, etc.
Section 3 [Applicable Standards], reference added to ASTM E18, Test Method of Rock-
well Hardness.
Para. 4.1 [Illustrations], editorially revised.
Para. 4.3(a) [Operation], last sentence deleted.
Para. 4.3(b) [Hand Position], last sentence revised.
Para. 4.3 [Type 2 - Setting Torque Wrenches], reorganized and revised.
Para. 4.4 [Type 3 - Limiting Torque Wrenches], reorganized and revised.
Table 1 [Torque Wrench Capacity], entries for the 1'/2 in. drive size revised.
Table 2 [Torque Wrench Increments], Maximum Increment for Type 3 wrench increased
from 2 to 6% of Maximum Capacity.
Para. 4.7 [Marking], revised.
Para. 4.10 [Capacity], last sentence added.
Para. 4.12 [Accuracy], revised.
Para. 4.13 [Parallax and Gravity Errors], reorganized and revised.
Para. 4.15 [Calibration and Cycle Life], revised.
Section 5 [Conformance to This Standard], revised.
New Table 3 [Accuracy] inserted. Old Table 3 renumbered Table 4.
Fig. 9 [Type 3, Class A, Style 1, Design B - Female Hex Drive Graduated Screwdriver
Grip Limiting Torque Wrench], redrawn.
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcome. They should be sent to The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Att.: Secretary, ASME B107 Main Committee,
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
This revision was approved as an American National Standard on February 16, 1994.

...
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 ASME B L 0 7 - 1 4 M 9 4 D O759670 0540943 748

ASMESTANDARDSCOMMITTEE B107
Hand Tools and Accessories

(The following is the roster

of the Committee at the time
of approval of this Standard.)

OFFICERS
R. R. Zuzinec, Chairman
R. M. Byrne. Vice Chairman
C. J. Gomez, Secrerary

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

R. M . Byrne, Trade Association Management

A. Carr, General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service
E. L. Harcourt, Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company
A. Herskovitz, Department of the Army
R. R. McCullough, Utica Tool Company
W. R. Wacker, BAC Associates, Inc.
R. B. Wright, Wright Tool Company
R. R. Zuzinec, Snap-On Tools Corp.

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 ASME BL07.L4M 74 W O757670 0540944 b 8 4

CONTENTS

...
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Standards Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Applicable References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Conformance to This Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figures
1 Location of Drive Ballon Plain Drive Wrenches ........................... 8
2 Type 1. Class A - Deflecting Beam Indicating Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3 Type 1 . Class B - Rigid Housing Dial Indicating Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 Type 1 . Class C. Style 1 - Screwdriver Grip Enclosed Dial Indicating
Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Type I . Class C. Style 2 - Screwdriver Grip Exposed Dial Indicating
Torquewrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6 Type 2. Class A - Setting Torque Wrench (Graduated) ..................... 10
7 Type 2. Class B - Setting Torque Wrench (Nongraduated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8 Type 3. Class A. Style 1. Design A - Male Square Drive Graduated
Screwdriver Grip Limiting Torque Wrench .............................. 11
9 Type 3. Class A. Style 1. Design B - Female Hex Drive Graduated
Screwdriver Grip Limiting Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
10 Type 3 . Class A. Style 2. Design A - Male Square Drive Nongraduated
Screwdriver Grip Limiting Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11 Type 3 . Class A. Style 2 . Design B - Female Hex Drive Nongraduated
. Screwdriver Grip Limiting Torque Wrench .............................. 13
12 Type 3 . Class B - “T” Handle Grip Limiting Torque Wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
.
13 Gravity Independent Testing Position - Gravity
and Force at 90 deg . to Each Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
14 Gravity Dependent Testing Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Tables
1 Torque Wrench Capacity ..............................................
2 Torque Wrench Increments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Torque Wrench Operating Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vii

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 ASME BLO’?.L4M 94 = 0759670 0 5 4 0 9 4 5 510

ASME 6107.14M-1994

HAND TORQUE TOOLS

1 SCOPE Style 2 - ratcheting

Design A - right- and left-hand torquing
This Standard covers common, manually operated
Design B - right-hand torquing
torque wrenches and screwdrivers used for control of
Design C - left-hand torquing
the tightness
- of threaded fasteners. It is not intended to
describe products infrequently utilized or those designed
Type 3 Limiting Torque Wrenches
for special purposes.
Class A - screwdriver grip
Style 1 - graduated
Design A - male square drive
2 CLASSIFICATION Design B - female hex drive
Style 2 - nongraduated
The following types and classes of hand torque tools Design A - male square drive
are covered in this Standard. Design B - female hex drive
Class B - “T” handle grip
Type 1 Indicating Torque Wrenches Style 1 - nonratcheting
Class A - deflecting beam Style 2 - ratcheting
Style 1 - plain scale
Style 2 - scale with feel impulse
Style 3 - scale with memory indicator
3 APPLICABLE REFERENCES
Class B - rigid housing
Style 1 - plain dial The following standards form a part of this Standard
Style 2 - dial with signal to the extent specified herein. The latest issue in effect
Style 3 - dial with memory indicator shall apply.
Class C - screwdriver grip
ANSI B107.4, Driving and Spindle Ends for Portable
Style 1 - enclosed dial
Hand, Air, and Electric Tools
Style 2 - exposed dial
ANSI B107.10M, Handles and Attachments for Hand
Socket Wrenches - Inch and Metric Series
Type 2 Setting Torque Wrenches
ASTM E18,’ Test Method for Rockwell Hardness
Class A - graduated
Style 1 - nonratcheting
Design A - right- and left-hand torquing
Design B - right-hand torquing
4 REQUIREMENTS
Design C - left-hand torquing
Style 2 - ratcheting 4.1 Illustrations
Design A - right- and left-hand torquing
Figures 1 through 14 are descriptive and not restric-
Design B - right-hand torquing
tive. They are not intended to preclude the manufacture
Design C - left-hand torquing
or purchase of other forms of torque wrenches conform-
Class B - nongraduated
ing to this Standard.
Style 1 - nonratcheting
Design A - right- and left-hand torquing
Design B - right-hand torquing ‘ASTM Speclfications are available from the ASTM, 1916 Race Street,
Design C - left-hand torquing Philadelphla, PA 19103.

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 ASME B107.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS
-

4.2 Type 1 - Indicating Torque Wrenches 4.2.2 Type 1, ClassB,Rigid Housing. The de-
(a) Operation. Indicating torque wrenches shall mea- flecting member and dial mechanism shall be enclosed -
sure changes in torque applied through a deflecting within the rigid housing. The pointer and dial face shall
member. They shall operate in both clockwise and be protected by a transparent cover which shall be so
located and constructed as to be reasonably free from
counterclockwise directions.
accidental damage resulting from being struck or
(b) Drivetang. The drive tang shall comply with
abraded. Class B rigid housing torque wrenches may be
para. 4.9.1.
similar to that shown in Fig. 3.
(c) Indicator. A dial, scale, or a digital readout shall
(a) Type 1, Class B, Style 1, Plain Dial. No auxiliary
be located so as to permit convenient and accurate read-
operational features are required.
ing. The graduation marks shall be colored and shaped
(b) Type 1, Class B, Style 2 , Dial with Signal. A sig-
so as to be distinct and easily read. The width of the
nal mechanism capable of being adjusted without the
mark shallnot be greater than one-half the adjacent space
use of tools to any graduated value of the wrench shall
width. The width of the pointer tip or indicator line shall
be provided. The signal shall operate automatically
not be greater than the widest graduation mark, nor shall
within the accuracy requirements of this Standard.
the pointer completely cover any graduation mark on the
(c) Type 1, Class B , Style 3 , Dial with Mernory In-
outer scale. The pointer shall be located close to the
dicator. An auxiliary pointer or other device capable of
scale face so as to minimize parallax error. If a digital
retaining an indication of the maximum torque trans-
readoutis used, the numbers should beat least '/x in.
mitted through the wrench shall be provided. The pointer
(3.2 mm) high, and they shall be visible at viewing an-
shall function at any graduated torque value within the
gles of up to 45 deg. from normal.
accuracy requirements of this Standard. Means shall be
(d) Hand Position. If, in orderto achieve the re-
provided for resetting the pointer. Normal handling of
quired accuracy, it is necessary to apply the load at a
the wrench shall not cause the pointer to be displaced.
specific point on the handgrip, the handgrip shall be
pivoted at that point. 4 . 2 . 3 Type 1, ClassC, Screwdriver Grip. The
(e) Auxiliary Functions. Additional features maybe grip and the drive shall lie on the same axis rotation to ~

incorporated at the torque wrench to improve accuracy allow the wrench to be used like a screwdriver. All Type
or usefulness. The inclusion of such features shall not 1 , Class C wrenches shall be limited to a capacity of
be cause for rejection of the torque wrench providing it 100 in.-lb (1 1.3 N=m) and those with capacities over
conforms with the performance requirements of this 400 in.-lb (4.5 Nem) shall be equipped with a '14 in. (6.3
Standard. mm) female square drive on the top of the handle, or
with other auxiliary driving means.
4.2.1 Type 1, Class A, Deflecting Beam. Flex- (a) Type 1, Class C , Style 1, Enclosed Dial. The
ing of a cantilever beam connecting the square drive and pointer and face shall be protected by a suitable trans-
the handgrip shall provide the basis of operation. Class parent cover. The wrench may be similar to that shown
A deflecting beam torque wrenches may be similar to in Fig. 4.
that shown in Fig. 2. (b) Type 1, Class C, Style 2 , Exposed Dial. The
(a) Type I , Class A , Style I , Plain Scale. No auxil- pointer and face shall be left unprotected. The wrench
iary operational features are required. may be similar to that shown in Fig. 5 . -

(b) Type 1, Class A , Style 2 , Scale with Feel Impulse.

4 . 3 Type 2 - Setting Torque
Wrenches -
A mechanism with physical impulse signal capable of
being adjusted without the use of tools to any graduated (a) Operation. Setting type wrenches shall sense
value of the wrench shall be provided. The transmission torque transmitted by comparing the load applied with
of the preselected value shall be indicated by a physical a self-contained standard. The transmission of the pre-
impulse which shall cause a temporary reduction in the selected value shall be indicated by a physical impulse
load applied. which shall cause a temporary reduction in the load ap-
(c) Type I, Class A , Style 3, Scale with Memory In- plied. Operation shall be such as to minimize abrupt
dicator. An auxiliary pointer or otherdevice capable of overtravel. Reset shall be automatic upon release of load
retaining an indication of the maximum torque trans- application. The drive shall be located at one end of the
mitted throughthe wrench shall be provided. The pointer wrench and the handgrip at the other.
shall function at any graduated torque value within the (b) Hand Position. If, in order to achieve the re-
accuracy requirements of this Standard. Means shall be quired accuracy, it is necessary to apply the load at a
-
provided for resetting the pointer. Normal handling of specific location on the handgrip, the handgrip shall be -
the wrench shall not cause the pointer to be displaced. so designed or marked.
2

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 A S I E B107*.141 94 O759670 0540947 393 =

HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME B107.14M-1994

(c) Auxiliary Functions. Additional features maybe occur a minimum of two times in one full revolution of
incorporated in the torque wrench to improve accuracy the drive. The reset action should not cause a reverse
or usefulness. The inclusion of such features shall not torque (backlash) which might tend to loosen the fas-
be cause for rejection of the torque wrench providing it tener being tightened. They shall be calibrated in a
otherwise conforms with the performance requirements clockwise direction.
of this Standard.
4.4.1Type 3, Class A, Screwdriver Grip. The
4.3.1 Type 2, Class A, Graduated. A graduated wrench shall be in a screwdriver configuration. The grip
scale with increments appropriately numbered shall be shall be round and knurled or fluted or lobular shaped.
located on the wrench and positioned as to permit con- The maximum capacity of Type 3, Class A wrenches
venient reading. Selection of the desired torque value shall be 40 in.-lb (4.5 Nom).
shall be made by manual means not requiring a separate 4.4.1.1Type 3,Class A, Style 1, Graduated.
tool or implement. Provision shall be made to indicate A graduated scale with increments appropriately num-
precisely the selected torque value on the graduated bered shall be located on the wrench and positioned so
scale. The adjustment means shall be adequately pro- as to permit convenient reading. Selection of the desired
tected against accidental change by an appropriate de- torquevalue shall bemade by manualmeansnotre-
vice or lock. Graduated setting type torque wrenches quiring a separate tool or implement. Provision shall be
may be similar to that shown in Fig. 6. made to indicate precisely the selected torque value on
4.3.2Type 2,Class B, Nongraduated. The torque the graduated scale. The adjustment means shall be ad-
wrench shall not be graduated or equipped with a means equately protected against accidental change by an ap-
for graduated adjustment. A separate tool or implement propriate device or lock. The wrench may be similar to
shall be required to engage the adjustment provision of that shown in Figs. 8 or 9.
the wrench in order to select thecontrolling torque value. 4.4.1.2Type 3, Class A, Style 2, Nongrad-
Means shall be provided to protect the torque setting uated. The torque wrench shall notbe graduated or
from accidental changes. Nongraduated setting type equipped with a means for graduated adjustment. A sep-
torque wrenches may be similar to thatshown in arate tool or implement shall be required to engage the
Fig. 7. adjustment provision of the wrench in order to select the
4.3.3Type 2 , Classes A and B, Style 1, Non- controlling torque value. Means shall be providedto
ratcheting. A square drive tang without auxiliary op- protect the torque setting from accidental changes. The
erational features shall be provided. The drive shall wrench may be similar to that shown in Figs. 10 or 11.
comply with the requirements of para. 4.9.1. 4.4.1.3Type 3,Class A, Styles 1 and 2,De-
sign A, Male Square Drive. A '14 in. (6.3 mm) square
4.3.4Type 2, Classes A and B, Style 2, Ratch-
drive tang without auxiliary operational features shall be
eting. The square drive tang provided shall be equipped
provided. The drive shall comply with the requirements
with a ratcheting mechanism. The ratchet shall comply
of para. 4.9.1.
with the requirements of para. 4.9.2.
4.4.1.4 Type 3,Class A, Styles I and 2, De-
4.3.5Type 2,Classes A and B, Styles 1 and 2, sign B, Female Hex Drive. A % in. (6.3 mm) hexagon
Design A, Right- and Left-Hand Torquing. They
socket drive integral with the wrench shall be provided.
shall be calibrated in a clockwise and counterclockwise
The drive shall comply with the requirements of para.
direction.
4.9.3.
4.3.6Type 2,Classes A and B, Styles 1 and 2, 4.4.2Type 3, Class B, "T" Handle Grip. The
Design B, Right-Hand Torquing. They shall be cali- wrench shall be in a "T" handle configuration and may
brated in a clockwise direction. be similar to that shown in Fig. 12. The wrench shall
4.3.7Type 2,Classes A and B, Styles 1 and 2, not be graduated or equipped with a means for gradu-
Design C, Left-Hand Torquing. They shall be cali- ated adjustment. A separate tool or implement shall be
brated in the counterclockwise direction. requiredto engage the adjustment provision of the
wrench in order to select the controlling torque value.
Means shallbe provided to protect the torque setting
4.4 Type 3 - Limiting Torque Wrenches
from accidental changes. The maximum capacity of
Limiting torque wrenches shall operate by releasing Type 3, Class B wrenches shall be 150 in.-lb.
the drive tang at the preselected torque value followed (16.9 N-m). The drive shall comply with the require-
by automatic reset. The release and reset sequence shall ments of para. 4.9.1.
3

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 ASME B107.14M-I994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

(a) Type 3, Class B , Style I , Nonratcheting. A square 4 . 8 . 2 Coatings. The coatings shall be tightly ad-
drive tang without auxiliary operational features shall be herent, uniform in appearance and free from defects that
provided. would prevent full compliance with the requirements of
(b) Type 3 , Class B , Style 2 , Ratcheting. A square this Standard. They should protect the base metal from
drive tang with an integral ratcheting mechanism shall corrosion under use and storage conditions normally as-
be provided. The ratchet shall be nonreversible and pro- sociated with hand tools, and they shall not peel, crack,
vide driving engagement in the right-hand (clockwise) or blister in such use or storage. Minor blemishes shall
direction. The ratchet shall index a minimum of eight be permitted provided they do not detract substantially
times in one full revolution of the drive. from the appearance or operation of the wrench. Cad-
mium plating shall not be used as a coating.
4.5 Materials
The materials used in the manufacture of torque 4 . 9 Drives
wrenches shall be such as to assure compliance with the 4 . 9 . 1 Plain Square Drives. Drive tangs shall con-
requirements of this Standard. form with the requirements of ANSI B107.4, and those
on wrenches with capacity of over 100 oz-in.
4.6 Instructions (0.71 N*m) shall have a hardness of not less than Rock-
well C34.
Torque wrenches shall be supplied with instructions The square drive shall be oriented so that any two of
covering their accuracy,application, use, care, and the opposite flats shall be parallel within 5 deg. of the
guidance on the proper use of adapters and extensions. longitudinal axis of the wrench. The drive ball shall be
located as shown in Fig. 1.
4.7 Marking
4 . 9 . 2 Ratchet Drives. The operational characteris-
The wrenches shall be marked in a legible and per- tics of ratchet drives incorporated in all ratchet drive
manent manner with the following information: torque wrenches shall conform with the requirements of
(U) a name or known trademark which enables posi- ANSI Bl07.10M.
tive identification of the manufacturer
(b) model number 4 . 9 . 3 Female Hex Drives. Female hex drives used
(c) country of origin in Type 3, Class A , Styles 1 and 2, Design B wrenches
(d) units of torque such as ft-lb, Kgf-m, N=m, etc. shall accommodate screwdriver bits meeting the re-
(e) arrow or arrows with the word “TORQUES” or quirements of ANSI B107.4. Insertion and removal of
“TORQUE” indicating the direction of torque for bits should be accomplished without the use of tools,
wrenches that are calibrated in one direction. and means should be provided to hold the bits securely
Optional markings such as serial number, conversion in place.
tables, secondary torque scales, Date Code or Month
andYearof Manufacture (e.g., 12/88 for December
1988), etc., may also be included. 4 . 1 O Capacity
The highest graduated value of the torque wrench shall
4 . 8 Finish not exceed the limit specified in Table 1. The lowest
graduated value shall beno greater than 20% of the
4.8.1 Surfaces. The exterior of torque wrenches
highest graduated value.
shall be smoothly finished. Sharp edges and comers ca-
pable of causing injury shall be removed and parts sub-
ject to corrosion shall be appropriately protected. Minor
4.1 1Increments
blemishes shall be permitted provided they do not de-
tract substantially from the appearance or operation of The range between the lowest and highest graduated
the wrench. values shall be divided into equal graduations. The size
Scales or dial faces shall be appropriately finished in of each increment shall be equal to or less than that
contrasting colors applied by a method normally asso- specified by Table 2. Increments shall be identified by
ciated with hand tools. Protection from environmental appropriate numbers at intervals not greater than each
damage shall be provided by suitable coatings or trans- tenth line. This requirement shall not apply to nongrad-
parent cover. uated wrenches.

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 ASME BL07*L4M 9 4 0757670 0540947 b b b

HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME B107.14M-1994

TABLE 1 TORQUE
WRENCH
CAPACITY 4.15 Calibration and Cycle Life
Drive Size Maximum Load The torquewrenchshallperformsatisfactorily for
5,000 cycles in each direction of operation at maximum
in. mm in.-lb ft-lb Nem
capacity without physical failure while maintaining the
1 :4 6.3 2 50 - 30 required level of accuracy.Subsequently, the torque
3/8 10 1200 1O0 135 wrench shall perform for 20,000 cycles in each direction
’/2 12.5 3000 2 50 340 of operation at 50% of capacitywithout physical failure.
314 20 8400 700 1O00
1 25 - 2000 2700
1 ‘i2 - 6000
40 9000 4.16 Overload
Type 1 and Type 2 torque wrenches shall be capable
of transmitting an amount of torque equal to 125% of
TABLE 2 TORQUE
WRENCH
INCREMENTS maximum capacity directions of opera-
in appropriate
Wrench Maximum Increment tion without physical failure.
Type (Yo of Maximum Capacity1

1 5
2 1 5 CONFORMANCETOTHISSTANDARD
3 6
Many tests required herein are inherently hazardous
and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall
be employed in conducting such tests.
4.12 Accuracy Product Design Tests are to be used to establish the
suitability of the product design described herein and to
The deviation of torque applied fromthe torque set or
perform the functions required within the scope of this
indicated by the wrench shall not exceed values shown
- Standard. These tests are performed initially on all prod-
in Table 3. Accuracylimitsshall be prominentlyand
uct designs and thereafter when the design is revised.
clearly stated in the instructions.
They shall consist of examinations and tests covered in
paras. 5.1 and 5.2.
4.13 Parallax and Gravity Errors Quality Conformance Tests shallconsist of exami-
nations and tests specified in paras. 5. 1 . 1 and 5.2.4.
4.13.1 Parallax Error. The parallax error for Type
1 wrenchesat 45 deg. viewing angle shall not exceed
4 % of the maximum graduated value. 5.1 Examination
4.13.2Gravity Error, Type 1 Wrenches. The 5.1.I Visual Examination. Conformance with re-
pointer on Type 1 wrenches shall not change its indi- quirements not verified by test shall be established by
cation by morethan 2 % of the maximumgraduated visual examination. Coating compositionand character-
value when the wrench position in relation to gravity is istics shall be determined either by appropriate tests or
changed. reference to manufacturer’s specifications, drawings, or
procurement documents.
4.13.3Gravity Error, Type 2 Wrenches. Type 2
For all Type 2 and Type 3 graduated torque wrenches,
wrenches shall operate within the accuracy limits spec-
if the graduated scale is such that major graduations are
ified in para. 4.12 in any orientation of thehandle in
on the barrel and minor graduations are on the sleeve
respect to gravity.
and one full rotation of the sleeve advances one gradu-
ation on the barrel, then the zero graduation on the sleeve
4.14 OperatingLoad must align with thecorresponding graduation on the
barrel within $- 1 minorgraduation on thesleeve
Loadsapplied to the center of the designated hand
throughout its entire range.
position shall not exceed those shown in Table 4 when
an amount OC torque equal to the maximum capacityhas 5.1.2Operating Load. The operating load for Type
been transmitted through it. Appropriate extension han- 1, Classes A and B, and Type 2 wrenches shall be cal-
- dies shallbe used as provided by the manufacturer.This culated by dividing the maximum scale reading by the
requirement shall not apply
to
Type 1, Class C distance between the center of the drive tang and the
~ wrenches,
Type
to
or 3 wrenches. center of the grip.

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 ASME B L O ? - L V M 94 m 0759b70 0540950 988 m

ASME 07.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

TABLE 3 ACCURACY
-
Accuracy 20% to 100% Accuracy Below 20%
of Capacity of Capacity
ClasslStyle
Type Design ( O h of Reading) ( S b of Full Capacity)

All 1 4% 0.8%
2 All Except
Design A 4% 0.8%
2 Design A 4% Clockwise 0.8% Clockwise
6% Counterclockwise 1.2% Counterclockwise
3 All 6% 1.2%

TABLE 4 TORQUEWRENCH OPERATING 14), then it should be tested again at the lowest test point
LOAD in the other gravity dependent position. If the wrench
was tested in a gravity independent position (Fig. 13),
Drive Size Maximum Load
then it should be tested again at the lowest test point in
in. Ib N both of the gravity dependent positions (Fig. 14).
’/4 6.3 50 230 5.2.3 Drives. Drive tangs and ratchets shall be mea-
3h 10 125 55 0 sured and tested independently from the torque wrench
‘12 12.5 175 780 to establish conformance with the requirements refer-
314 20 250 1110 enced in para. 4.9. The rejection criteria shown in the
1 & larger 2 5 & larger 300 1340
reference shall apply as appropriate.

5.2.4 Accuracy
5 . 2 Tests
(a) Measuring Equipment. Accuracy testing shall be
5.2.1 Parallax Error, Type 1 Wrenches. The
performed on equipment capable of indicating torque
torque wrench scale shall be located so that it is in a
applied within an accuracy of 1 % or better at any point
horizontal plane. The pointer shall be adjusted to indi-
within the calibrated range of the wrench. Interpolated
cate zero when viewed from directly above the scale.
readings of measuring equipment shall be made no more
The viewing plane shall be rotated 45 deg. clockwise
precisely than one-half of the smallest increment. Ac-
about an axis through the pointer and the apparent
curacy shall be independently verified by a route trace-
change in the relationship between the pointer and scale
able to NIST. Force transmitted through the wrench to
observed. The change shall be equal to, or less than that
the tester shall be applied at the hand position in a plane
specified in para. 4.13.1.
perpendicular to the axis of the wrench drive tang.
5 . 2 . 2 Gravity Error (b) Test Points. All torque wrenches except for non- -
graduated types shall be subjected to an accuracy test
5.2.2.1 Gravity Error, Type 1 Wrenches. The
at, or nearest to the lowest graduated value 20%, 60%, -
torque wrench shall be located so it is in a horizontal
and 100% of maximum capacity. Nongraduated
plane. The pointer shall be adjusted to indicate zero
wrenches shall be tested at avalue at which they are set,
when viewed from directly above the scale, The wrench
or if supplied not set, at the maximum rated torque value
shall then be rotated and supported at each end so the
and at a value equal to 20% of the maximum capacity.
scale is in a vertical plane and the pointer axis is hori-
(c) Load Position. All accuracy test loads shall be
zontal. In this position, and when viewed at 90 deg. to
applied at the midpoint of the handgrip.
the scale the pointer should not be off the zero position
(d) TestSequence. Accuracy test readings shall be
more than +2% of the maximum graduated value.
taken in progression from lower torque values to higher.
5.2.2.2 Gravity Error, Type 2 Wrenches. The If, during a torque adjustment operation with a Type 2
gravity error test for Type 2 wrenches shall be con- or Type 3 graduated wrench, the target test value is ex-
ducted immediately after the accuracy test at the lowest ceeded on the scale, the wrench shall be first adjusted -

test point specified in para. 5.2.4. If the wrench was back to its lowest calibrated value, and then back to the
tested in one of the gravity dependent positions (Fig. target test value. All torque wrenches shall be operated -

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 ASME BL07.14M 94 m 0759670 0540953 814 m

HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME B107.14M-I994

three times at 50% of maximum capacity before any test shall be read and recorded following the application of
sequence is begun. All Type 1 wrenches shall be appro- each test load.
priately adjusted to indicate zero torque applied after the (2) Type 2 . The load shall be applied at a rate suf-
unrecorded operations and before any test sequence is ficiently slow and steady so that after the release, the
begun. wrench will not overtravel causing the test equipment to
The test sequence shall begin when the torque wrench indicate torque in excess of the release torque.
is mountedin the tester. Loadshall be applied at the (3) Type 3. The load shall be applied at a rate suf-
appropriateplacewithinthe designated handposition ficiently slow and steadyso that at each release the max-
until the wrench indicatesandior signals the target torque imum torque applied can be accurately read.
value. The amount shownby the tester shall be read and
recorded. Immediately following the taking of the tester 5.2.5 Calibration Life and Overload. The calibra-
reading, load shallberemoved fromthewrench. On tion life tests shall be performed after the accuracy test
Type 1 and Type 2 wrenches, threereadingsshall be has been satisfactorily completed.
taken at each of the three target torque values beginning The torque tool shall be loaded to full capacity and
with the lowest. On Type3 wrenches, a number of read- completely relieved 5,000 times in each calibrated di-
ings equal to three times the number of releases in one rection of operation at the rate of 60 cycles per minute
revolution of the handle shall be taken at each of the or less. Type 1 and 2 wrenches shall then be loaded once
three target values beginning with the lowest. to 125% of full capacity in each calibrated direction of
When the sequence hasbeen completed with the read- operation.
ings at thehighesttarget value, the testloadshall be The wrench shall be examined for physical failure and
relieved and the torque wrench removcd from the tester. shall be rejected if evidence of physical failure is found.
Each reading taken at each test point shall be within the The toolshallthen be subjected again to therequire-
sum of the allowed tolerance and accuracy of the test ments of para. 4.12 and the test procedureof para. 5.2.4
equipment. and shall berejected if thetests are not satisfactorily
(1) Type 1. The pointer or needle of the wrench completed.
shall be adjusted to indicate zero torque applied in the If the tool passes the abovetest, it shall then be loaded
plane of operation before being mounted in the tester to 50% of full capacity and completely relieved 20,000
for any test sequence. Classes A and B, Style 2 wrenches times in each calibrated direction of operation. Accurate
shall have the signal device appropriately adjusted be- performance shall not be required at the conclusion of
tweeneach test operation. The indicatedvalue of the this test, but deformation or physicalfailureshall be
memory device of Classes A and B, Style 3 wrenches cause for rejection.

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 ASME B L O 7 - L V M 9 4 0759670 0540952 750 H

ASME B107.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

Barrel
Handle
Drive

FIG. 1 LOCATION OF DRIVE BALL ON PLAIN DRIVE WRENCHES

FIG. 2 TYPE 1, CLASS A - DEFLECTING BEAM INDICATING TORQUE WRENCH

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 ASME BLO7.14M 74 0759670 0540753 6 9 7 =
HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME 8107.14M-1994

FIG. 3 TYPE 1, CLASS B - RIGID HOUSING DIAL INDICATING TORQUE WRENCH

'
I- I

FIG. 4 TYPE 1, CLASS C, STYLE 1 - SCREWDRIVERGRIPENCLOSED DIAL

INDICATING TORQUE WRENCH

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 ASME BL07.L4M 94 m 0759670 0540954 523 m

ASME 8107.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

FIG. 5 TYPE 1, CLASS C, STYLE 2 - SCREWDRIVERGRIP EXPOSED DIAL

INDICATING TORQUE WRENCH

Hand Grip
Graduated Scale

1Drive
\\ Barrel
\
Lock

FIG. 6 TYPE 2, CLASS A - SETTING TORQUE WRENCH (GRADUATED)

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 ASME B L O 7 = L Y M 94 0759670 0540955 LIbT W

HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME B107.14M-1994

Hand Grip

'LBarrel

FIG. 7 TYPE 2, CLASS B - SETTING TORQUE WRENCH (NONGRADUATED)

FIG. 8 TYPE 3, CLASS A, STYLE 1, DESIGN A - MALE SQUARE DRIVE

GRADUATED SCREWDRIVER GRIP LIMITING TORQUE WRENCH

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 ASME BL07mL4M 74 m 0759670 0540956 3 T b m

ASME B107.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

FIG. 9 TYPE 3, CLASS A, STYLE 1, DESIGN B - FEMALE HEX DRIVE GRADUATED

SCREWDRIVER GRIP LIMITING TORQUE WRENCH

FIG. 10 TYPE 3, CLASS A, STYLE 2, DESIGN A - MALE SQUARE DRIVE

NONGRADUATED SCREWDRIVERGRIP LIMITING TORQUE WRENCH

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 ASME B L 0 7 - 1 4 M 9 4 0757670 0540957 232

HAND TORQUE TOOLS ASME B107.14M-1994

FIG. 11 TYPE 3, CLASS A, STYLE 2, DESIGN B - FEMALEHEX DRIVE

NONGRADUATED SCREWDRIVER GRIP LIMITING TORQUEWRENCH

FIG. 12 TYPE 3, CLASS B - "T" HANDLE GRIP LIMITING TORQUE WRENCH

13

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 ASME BL07-L4M 94 O759670 0540958 L79 =
ASME B107.14M-1994 HAND TORQUE TOOLS

Load

FIG. 13 GRAVITY INDEPENDENTTESTINGPOSITION - GRAVITY AND FORCE AT

90 DEG.TOEACHOTHER

3 Load

[a) Gravity andForce in

the Same Direction

W
UP

(b) Gravity andForce in

Opposing Directions

Load

FIG. 14 GRAVITY DEPENDENT TESTINGPOSITION

14

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 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR HAND TOOLS

Socket Wrenches. Hand (Inch Series) ................................................ B107.1-1993

Socket Wrenches. Extensions. Adaptors. and Universal Joints.
PowerDrive(Impact)(Inch Series) .............................................. B107.2-1992
Socket Wrenches. Power Drive (Non-Impact) (Inch Series) ..................... B107.3-1978(R1991)
Driving and Spindle Ends for Portable Hand. Air. and Electric Tools ............ B107.4-1982(R1988)
Socket Wrenches. Hand (Metric Series) ...................................... B107.5M-l987(R1991)
Wrenches. Box. Open End. Combination and Flare Nut (Inch Series) ............ B107.6-1978(R1991)
AdjustableWrenches ............................................................. B107.8M-1991
Wrenches. Box. Open End. Combination and Flare Nut (Metric Series) .......... 8107.9-1978(R1991)
Handles and Attachments for Hand Socket Wrenches -
Inch and Metric Series ................................................ B107.1OM-l982(R1988)
Pliers. Diagonal Cutting. and Nippers. End Cutting .................................. B107.11M-1993
Nut Drivers (Spin Type. Screwdriver Grip) .......................................... B107.12-1991
Pliers (Long Nose. Long Reach) ............................................ B107.13M-l985(R1991)
Hand Torque Tools .............................................................. B107.14M-1994
Flat Tip and Phillips Screwdrivers .................................................. B107.15-1993
Shears (Metal Cutting. Bench and Hand) ............................................ B107.16-1992
Gages. Wrench Openings. Reference .............................................. B107.17M-1991
Pliers (Wire Twister) ...................................................... B107.18M-l985(R1991)
Pliers. RetainingRing .............................................................. B107.19-1993
Pliers (Lineman's. Iron Worker's. Gas. Glass. and Fence) ............................ B107.20M-1992
Wrench. Crowfoot Attachments .................................................... B107.21-1992
Electronic Cutters and Pliers ...................................................... B107.22M-1991
Pliers. Multiple Position.Adjustable ................................................ B107.23-1991

The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of allthe Standards published by the
Society. For a complimentary catalog. or the latest information about our publications. call
I-800-THE-ASME (1.800.843.2763) .
.

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 '.

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ISBN #O-7918-2218-4 N10994

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