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ج
َ ح َر
ْ ق َد ِ م ْل
ِ ح ُ ة ِم ْن َھا ِل
ٌ س ﱠت
ِ و
1
And six of these (35 patterns) are mulhaq to dahraja
ت
ِّ س
ِ ّ َال لِ َھ ِذ ِه ال
ُ ويق
ُ
It is said about these six
ي
ِّ ع
ِ ق بِالرﱡ َبا
ُ ح
َ م ِل
ُ ال
Mulhaq to the four letter root verb
ُ البَاب األ َ ﱠو
ل
The first type (of mulhaq to dahraja)
ً علَ ًة وفِ ْي َع
اال َ ل َف ْو
ُ ع
ِ ل ُي َف ْو َ َف ْو
َ ع
َم ْو ُزو ُن ُه
An example of a verb on this pattern
ً ح ْيق
َاال ِ ح ْو َقلَ ًة و
َ ل
ُ ح ْو ِق َ ح ْو َق
َ ل ُي َ to be or become weak
1 Mulhaq – a word that is added to to make it resemble another word in the number of letters and vowel markings. See
the Translator's Note at the end
و َع َال َم ُت ُه
And the sign (that a verb is of this type)
ف
ٍ أح ُر
ْ ةِ ه َعلَى أَ ْربَ َع ِ أَنْ َيكُونَ َما
ِ ضي
Is that the past tense has four letters
ِ ن ال َفا ِء َوال َع ْي
ن َ او بَ ْي
ِ َد ِة ال َوst بِ ِز َيا
Being increased by a wow وbetween the 1 and 2nd root letter
وبِ َنا ُؤ ُه
And its construction
ْ لِ ﱠال ِز ِم َف َق
ط
Is only for the intransitive
ح ُو
ْ َن
For example:
َ ح ْو َق
ل َز ْي ٌد َ
“Zaid became weak.”
Translator's Note: The following translated from
شرح نظم المقصود
Explained by: Ahmad ibn Umar al Haazimee2
يعني.ة مثل كلمة أخرى ٌ باب اإللحاق ما حده؟ أن ُتجعل كلم:قلنا
:م؟ قالوا
َ ِل،حرف أو أكثر
ٍ تكون كلمة مساوية لكلمة أخرى بسبب زيادة
الملحقُ الملحقة مثل تصاريف الكلمة ُ من أجل أن ُيتصرف في الكلمة
أن ُيزاد في كلمة لتكون مثل كلمة أخرى،بھا
We say: The Ilhaaq (adding), what is it? It is that one word is made to look like another
word. Meaning, a word becomes equal to another word by adding one or more letters.
Why? They say: So that the word that is being added to can have patterns derived from
it like the word that it is made to resemble. So it is to add (one or more letters) to a word
to make it like another word....3
ملحقة فنزي ُد عليھا حر ًفا أو حرفين
ُ ننظر في الكلمة ال:ﳌ ماذا؟ قالوا
وفي، فيحصل التساوي في عدد الحروف،لتصير مساوية لكلمة أخرى
البد، اتحاد المصدرين: شرطه: وقلنا،الحركات المعينة وفي السكنات
اتحاد المصدرين
Why? They say: We look at the Mulhaq word and we add to it one or two letters so that
it becomes equal to another word. So it becomes equal to another word in the number of
letters it has and in its vowel markings. We say: the condition is that the two masdars
are brought together. It is necessary to bring the two masdars together....
2 The document mentions that this is from the 12th tape
3 Some parts are skipped
أن ُيزاد على الثالثي حرفٌ واحد يصير بھذا:واكتفينا به ھو النوع األول
إ ًذا، دحرج ھذا رباعي وأصوله أربعة.الحرف موازنًا ومساو ًيا لدحرج
زيد على الثالثي حرفٌ واحد من أجل أن،ليس من الرباعي المزيد
في ماذا؟ في عدد الحروف؛ ألنه ثُالثي،ل َ َيصير مساو ًيا لدحرج َف ْعل
ل في الحركات والسكنات َ َضا مواز ًيا ل َف ْعل
ً أي،فزيد عليه حرفٌ فصار أربعة
أن يكون مصدر، شرطه األصلي أن يكون متح ًدا معه في المصدر،ضا ً أي
ج له مصدران دحرج َ ح َر
ْ َد،ملحق موازنًا لمصدر الملحق به دحرج ُ ال
الذي يشترط أن يكون الملحق موازنًا أو: قلنا،جا ً ُيدحرج دحرج ًة ودحرا
َ َ الملحق به األول أو الثاني؟ األول َف ْعل
ل ِ مواف ًقا لمصدر
And we are sufficed with the first type: the three letter root verb which is increased by
one letter to make it equal to دحرج. Dahraja is a Four letter root verb which is not
increased upon4. So the three letter root verb is increased by one letter (to make it seem
like it is a four letter root like dahraja) to make it equal to the pattern of dahraja which is
fa'lala لَ َ َف ْعل. In what areas is it equal to dahraja? In the number of letters because when
a three letter root verb has a letter added to it, it becomes four letters5. It is also equal to
dahraja in the vowel markings. The foundational condition (for it being mulhaq) is that
the verb is united with dahraja in the masdar. That the masdar of the mulhaq (the verb
which is added to) is equal to the masdar of the mulhaq bihi (verb the mulhaq is made to
resemble, in this case:) dahraja. Dahraja has two masdars: جة َ ح َر
ْ َدand ح َراج
ْ ِد. We say:
6
It is a condition that one of the masdars of the mulhaq be upon the same pattern as the
masdar of the mulhaq bihi7, so must it be on the pattern of the first masdar ( ) َف ْعلَلَةor
the second ( ?) فِ ْع َاللIt must be the first.....
4 It is mujarrad (bare) – not being increased by any extra letters
5 But it is not a four letter root
6 The masdar doesnt have to be listed in the accusative case (mansoob)
7 دحرجhas two masdars as was previously mentioned
َ َ ج ْلب:مثال ذلك قالوا
ب ُ ،لَ َولكن الذي ُيشترط ھو المصدر األول َف ْعل
ليباع
ُ فعل ماضي ثُالثي أتى بشيء من خارج ٌ أصله جلب؛ جلب ھذا
إ ًذا صار،ل َ َ جلب زيدت عليه الباء صار جلبب على وزن َف ْعل،من بل ٍد آلخر
دحرج،فعل ماضي ٌ فعل ماضي جلبب ٌ دحرج: نقول،جلبب كدحرج
لماذا قلنا،ب ُ ج ْل ِب َ إ ًذا المضارع من جلبب ُي،ل ُ ِدحرج ُي َف ْعل
ِ المضارع منه ُي
المضارع من جلبب يجلبب؟ ألننا زدنا في جلب من أجل أن يكون
المصدر،حرج ِ جلبِب َد َ كذلك األمر،المضارع من جلبب موازنًا ليدحرج
َ َج ْلب
اب؟ ِ ھل يأتي،ج ْلبَب ًة َ ب َ َج ْلب َ إ ًذا يأتي المصدر من،من دحرج فعللة
إ ًذا سمع،يجلبب جلببة وجلبا ًبا ُ سمع ھكذا جلبب ُ ابَ َج ْلب
ِ نعم يأتي
مثل ما يقال دحرج،وسمع فيه المصدر الثاني ُ ،فيه المصدر األول
ً
وشمالال ل شملل ًة ُ شملل ُيشمل،جا ً ج دحرج ًة ودحرا ُ ُيدحر.
What is conditional is that it resembles the first masdar ( ) فعللةAn example of that is:
بَ ج ْل َب
َ whose root is جلب. جلبis a three letter root past tense verb meaning – to
8
bring something from a foreign land to be sold from one place to another9. Jalaba is
increased by (one letter) baa بso that it becomes ب َ ج ْل َب
َ which is upon the pattern of
فعللso that جلببis now like دحرج. We say: Dahraja is the past tense10 and likewise
jalbaba is the past tense (infinitive). The present tense for ج َ ح َر
ْ َدis ج
ُ ِحر
ْ ُي َدupon the
pattern ل َ ج ْل َب
ُ ُي َف ْع ِلand likewise the present tense of ب َ is ب ُ ِج ْلب
َ ُي. Why did we say that
the present tense of jalbaba is yujalbibu? Because we have increased the verb جلبso
that the conjugation of جلببis upon the same pattern as دحرج. Likewise, the
command form of jalbaba is on the same pattern as dahraja. The masdar of dahraja is on
the pattern of َف ْعلَلَةso the masdar of jalbaba is also ( on this pattern ) ج ْل َببَة َ
Is ج ْلبَاب
ِ the second masdar (like ح َراح
ْ ? ) ِدYes, the patterns for the past tense, present
tense, and masdars are like this: ج ْل َباب
ِ ج ْل َببَة و ُ ِج ْلب
َ ,ب َ ج ْل َب
َ ُي,ب َ
Its first and second masdars by common accepted usage are jalbaba and jilbaab. This is
8 جلببis on from the fifth mulhaq form for the four letter root bare verb (this example will be seen again when speaking
about the fifth type of mulhaq to a verb on the pattern of dahraja)
9 There are other meanings to the verb.
10 For the 3rd person, masculine, singular (which is also the infinitive form)
similar to dahraja ح َراج
ْ جة و ِدَ ح َر
ْ َد,ج ُ ِحر
ْ ُي َد,جَ ح َرْ َدand
shamlala11 م َالل ِ ملَلَة و
ْ ش ْ ش َ ,ل ُ م ِل
ْ شَ ُي,ل َ َ ملْ ش َ
حوقل زيد فيه، فوعل مثال حوقل: قلنا،(ل َ ) َف ْو:الوزن األول قلنا
َ ع
تلكnأصله حقل من الضعف وليس حوقل اختصار ال حول وال قوة إال با
حوقل أصلھا حقل زيدت عليه الواو بين الفاء والعين فصار،شيء آخر ٌ
إ ًذا صار موازنًا لدحرج فنأتي بالفعل المضارع،حوقل على وزن فعلل
حوقل يحوقِل حوقل ًة،والمصدر من حوقل كما نأتي به من دحرج
سر ما قبلھا فقلبت الواو يا ًء ً
ِ حوقاال سكنت الواو و ُك ً
أصلھا،وحيقاال
ً
وحيقاال ً
حوقل يحوقل حوقلة،حيقاال فصار.
The first pattern (of mulhaq to four letter root bare verbs) we said was ل َ عَ َف ْو. We said
that an example of a verb on this pattern is ل َ ح ْو َق
َ . Hawqala is increased (by one letter)
from its root لَ ح َق
َ which is to be or become weak. And the meaning of حوقلis not
limited to saying – ِnإال بِا
ل وال ُق ﱠو َة ﱠَ ح ْو َ ( الthere is neither might nor power except with
Allah) – this is something different . So the root of حوقلis حقلwhich was increased
12
by one letter – wow – وwhich was put between the first and second root letters so that
haqala became حوقلwhich is now upon the pattern of فعلل. So it came to be upon the
same pattern as دحرج. We take the present tense verb form and masdar for ل َ ح ْو َق
َ from
ح ْيقَال ِ ح ْو َقلَة وَ ,ل
ُ ِح ْوق
َ ُي,لَ ح ْو َق
َ :ج
َ ح َر
ْ َد
The root of حيقالis ح ْو َقال
ِ with sukoon on the wow and kasrah on the letter before
wow. So the wow وwas changed to yaa ي13 and it became instead ح ْيقَال ِ .
ِ ح ْو َقلَة و
ح ْيقَال َ ,ل
ُ ِح ْوق َ ح ْو َق
َ ُي,ل َ
11 This is on the same pattern as جلببwhich is the fifth mulhaq pattern made to resemble a four letter root, bare verb
( like ) دحرج
12 حوقلin this sense is a compound word.
See: http://sughayyirah.wordpress.com/2012/06/28/introduction-to-compound-words/
13 This is normally what happens when a wow with sukoon ْوis preceeded by a kasrah – the wow with sukoon is changed
ْ yaa with sukoon instead. Another example of this is " – ِم ْي َالدbirth” - which is from the verb َولَ َدwhich means to
to ي
have children or to be born. So instead of it being ِم ْوالدthe wow changes to yaa and it becomes ِم ْيالد. In the word
َم ْولِدwhose pattern signifies the place and time (of birth), there is no need to change anything because the wow with
sukoon is not preceeded by a kasrah . Another example is in verse 3:194
Other verbs upon this pattern:
َ َ َع ْول
م 14
to globalize
ب
َ ج ْو َر
َ to put socks on (someone else)
15
َ ح ْو َز
ق َ to hiccup
16
14 Definition from http://www.almaany.com/
15 Definition from Lisaan al Arab - http://baheth.info/ . To make the verb intransitive (something you do to yourself or you
yourself do ), add a taa تto jawraba ---> ب َ ج ْو َر
َ َت
16 From al Mawrid al Quareeb, though it is found in the online dictionaries as well.
