SSS2 THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK
Week 1: Introduction to word processing.
Week 2: System development cycle.
Week 3: Program development.
Week 4: Introduction to MS Excel and basic arithmetic operators.
Week 5: Algorithm and Flowchart.
Week 6: Excel: Data validation, filters, grouping.
Week 7: Mid-term Break
Week 8: Excel: Formulas and Functions.
Week 9: Excel: Logical functions and charts.
Week 10: 21st century skills in graphics design/packages.
Week 11: Introduction to Corel draw
Week 12: Revision
Week 1: INTRODUCTION TO WORD PROCESSING
Word processing is the use of computer software to create, edit, format, store, and
print documents that contain text. It is widely used for writing letters, reports,
memos, and other documents.
A word processor is a software application used for performing word processing
tasks. It helps users to type, modify, and design text-based documents easily.
Examples of word processors include: MS Word, Google Docs, WPS Writer,
LibreOffice Writer, WordPad, etc.
APPLICATION AREAS OF WORD PROCESSING
Word processing is used in many fields, such as:
• Education – for writing assignments, notes, and reports
• Business – for creating letters, invoices, memos, and reports
• Offices – for official correspondence and documentation
• Publishing – for formatting articles, newsletters, and books
• Personal use – for writing resumes, letters, and journals
FEATURES OF WORD PROCESSORS
• Text typing and editing
• Font and paragraph formatting
• Spell check and grammar check
• Inserting pictures, tables, and charts
• Page setup (margins, orientation)
• Saving and printing documents
• Copy, cut, and paste tools
• Use of templates and styles
Week 2: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
The System Development Cycle (SDC) is a step-by-step process used to plan,
create, test, and maintain an information system or software. It helps developers
ensure that the system meets the users' needs and works efficiently.
STAGES OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
a. Preliminary Study
• Also known as a preliminary investigation.
• This is the first step where the problem or need for a new system is
identified.
• The goal is to understand the basic idea of what the system should do.
b. Feasibility Study
• Examines whether the project is possible and practical.
• Types of feasibility:
o Technical feasibility – Can it be built with available technology?
o Economic feasibility – Is it cost-effective?
o Operational feasibility – Will users be able to use it?
c. Investigative Study
• Involves gathering detailed information about the existing system (if any).
• Uses tools like interviews, questionnaires, and observation to understand
current processes.
d. System Analysis
• The gathered data is analyzed to identify what the new system must do.
• Analysts identify user requirements and system problems.
• The output is a clear set of specifications for the new system.
e. System Design
• The blueprint of the new system is created.
• Includes how data will flow, how the user interface will look, and how the
system will be structured.
• Both logical and physical design are developed.
f. Implementation
• The actual development or installation of the system.
• Programming is done, software is installed, and users are trained.
• May include pilot testing or parallel running with the old system.
g. System Maintenance
• After the system is launched, it may need updates, bug fixes, or
improvements.
• Ongoing support ensures the system continues to perform well.
h. Review (Study Review)
• The system is evaluated to determine if it meets the goals.
• Feedback is collected from users to improve future systems.
Week 3: PROGRAM DEVELOPEMENT
A program is a set of instructions written in a programming language that a
computer can execute to perform a specific task or solve a problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PROGRAM
A good program should have the following qualities:
• � Accuracy – It should give correct results.
• � Readability – Easy to read and understand by other programmers.
• � Efficiency – Uses minimum resources like memory and processing time.
• � Generality – Can work with different sets of data and situations.
• � Clarity – Clear logic and structure; easy to follow.
• � Modularity – Organized into smaller parts or modules for easier
debugging and reuse.
PRECAUTIONS DURING PROGRAM WRITING
• � Don’t rush – Take your time to think and plan.
• � Be stable, steady, and patient – Avoid writing in a hurry to reduce errors.
• � Follow the order of execution – Write the program step-by-step in the
correct logical sequence.
• � Test as you go – Check each part of the code for errors.
• � Keep code clean – Use comments and proper formatting.
STEPS INVOLVED IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
1. Problem Definition
o Understand what the program is supposed to do.
2. Problem Analysis
o Break the problem into smaller parts and identify the input, processing,
and output.
3. Flowcharting
o Draw a flowchart or algorithm to show the logic of the program.
4. Desk Checking
o Manually trace the logic with test data before coding.
5. Program Coding
o Write the program using a programming language.
6. Program Compilation
o Convert the code into machine language using a compiler (if compiled
language is used).
7. Program Testing / Debugging
o Run the program and fix any errors (bugs).
8. Program Documentation
o Write explanations and instructions for future users or programmers.
EXAMPLES OF INTERPRETED AND COMPILED LANGUAGES
Interpreted Compiled
Python C
JavaScript C++
Ruby Java
PHP Go
BASIC Pascal
Week 4: ALGORITHM
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions used to solve a specific problem
or perform a task.
FUNCTIONS OF AN ALGORITHM
• Helps to break down problems into simple steps
• Provides a clear path for writing programs
• Ensures that a problem is solved logically and efficiently
• Makes debugging easier when programming
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ALGORITHM
� Finiteness – The algorithm must end after a certain number of steps
� Unambiguity – Each step must be clear and understandable
� Effectiveness – Each step should do something meaningful and practical
� Input and Output – It should have defined inputs and produce expected outputs
� Well-ordered – Steps should follow a logical sequence
SOME SAMPLE ALGORITHMS
a. Computing Average of a Given Set of Numbers
1. Start
2. Input the total number of values (n)
3. Input the values
4. Add all the values
5. Divide the total by n
6. Display the average
7. End
b. Preparing Japanese Ramen (a real-life algorithm)
1. Start
2. Boil water
3. Add ramen noodles
4. Cook for 3–5 minutes
5. Add soup base and seasoning
6. Stir and let it simmer
7. Serve hot
8. End
Week 5: FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm. It uses symbols
and arrows to show the flow of steps to solve a problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FLOWCHART
• Uses symbols to represent different operations
• Shows the flow of logic using arrows
• Easy to understand and visualize the process
• Helps in debugging and documentation
COMMON FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
Symbol Meaning
Oval Start / End
▭ Rectangle Process (e.g., calculations, assignments)
� Diamond Decision (Yes/No, True/False)
� Arrow Flow of control
Parallelogram Input/Output (e.g., enter data, display result)
USE OF FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
• Start/End (Oval): Marks beginning and end of a flowchart
• Input/Output (Parallelogram): Represents entering data or displaying
output
• Process (Rectangle): Represents any computation or action
• Decision (Diamond): Represents a decision-making point
• Arrow: Indicates the direction of flow
SOME SAMPLE FLOWCHARTS
Week 6: DATA VALIDATION, FILTERS AND GROUPING IN EXCEL
DATA VALIDATION
Data Validation is a feature in Excel that restricts the type of data or values that
can be entered into a cell.
Uses:
• To prevent wrong data entry
• To create dropdown lists
• To set data limits (e.g., only allow numbers from 1 to 100)
Steps to Use Data Validation:
1. Select the cell or range
2. Go to Data tab → Click on Data Validation
3. Choose the validation criteria (e.g., whole number, list, date)
4. Set the condition or list of values
5. Click OK
FILTERS
Filters are used to display only specific data in a spreadsheet based on certain
conditions. It helps you focus on the information you need.
Types:
• Auto Filter – For quick sorting and selection
• Custom Filter – For more advanced conditions (e.g., greater than, begins
with)
Steps to Apply Filter:
1. Select your data range
2. Go to Data tab → Click Filter
3. Click the dropdown arrows in the column headers to choose your filter
GROUPING
Grouping is used to organize data in a worksheet by combining rows or columns
into expandable/collapsible sections.
Uses:
• To manage large sets of data
• To create summaries or outlines
• To hide or show sections easily
Steps to Group Data:
1. Select the rows or columns you want to group
2. Go to Data tab → Click Group
3. A + or - sign appears to expand or collapse the group
Week 8: EXCEL FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS
A formula is an expression used to perform calculations or operations on
numbers, text, or cells. It always starts with an equals sign =.
Examples of Formulas:
• =A1 + B1 → Adds the values in cells A1 and B1
• =C2 * 10 → Multiplies the value in C2 by 10
• =D5 - D4 → Subtracts D4 from D5
A function is a predefined formula in Excel that simplifies complex calculations.
Excel has many built-in functions for math, text, date, and more.
Function Use
SUM( ) Adds a range of numbers
AVERAGE( ) Calculates the average of numbers
MAX( ) Finds the highest number in a range
MIN( ) Finds the lowest number in a range
COUNT( ) Counts the number of numeric values
Week 9: LOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND CHARTS IN EXCEL
Logical functions are used to perform decision-making in Excel by testing
conditions and returning values like TRUE, FALSE, or custom results.
Common Logical Functions:
Function Purpose Example
IF( ) Tests a condition and returns one value if =IF(A1>50, "Pass",
TRUE and another if FALSE "Fail")
AND( ) Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE =AND(A1>10, B1<100)
OR( ) Returns TRUE if any condition is TRUE =OR(A1=5, B1=10)
NOT( ) Reverses a logical value (TRUE becomes =NOT(A1=10)
FALSE, and vice versa)
CHARTS IN EXCEL
Charts (or graphs) help to visually represent data, making it easier to understand
patterns, trends, and comparisons.
Types of Charts:
Chart Type Use
Column Chart Shows comparisons among items
Bar Chart Like column charts, but horizontal
Line Chart Shows trends over time
Pie Chart Shows parts of a whole (percentages)
Area Chart Like line charts but filled below the line
Steps to Create a Chart:
1. Select the data range (including labels).
2. Go to the Insert tab.
3. Choose your desired Chart Type.
4. Customize the chart using the Chart Tools (title, labels, colors).
